The bug is in fontconfig.

Fontconfig added the Gyre font names to the list of suitable
replacements for the base PostScript fonts because the shapes and
metrics are compatible.

What they didn’t notice (until the bug reports started) is that the Gyre
authors use the names /f_i, /f_l, /f_f, /f_f_i and /f_f_l for the
f-ligs, whereas the original PS fonts — which predate the current glyph
name best practices — used the names /fi, /fl.

When rendering a pdf file which uses fonts but does not embed them or
embed subsets of them, the renderer needs to find a substitute.  If
fontconfig is used to find such a substitute, and it returns a font
which lacks the glyph names said renderer wants — even if it has the
glyphs under a different name ­— the desired glyph will not get painted.

Ideally, renderers would notice that the glyph name they want is
unavailable and look for alternate names.  Or in the case of a known
ligature fall back to the un-ligated glyphs.  But that hasn’t been
written.

The quick fix is to limit font equivilents to those which also have the
same glyph naming scheme.

Fontconfig did that in commit c6aa4d4bfc, in responce to the freedesktop
bug report noted above.

Distributions should make the same change in their fontconfig packaging.


Distributions should do the same.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1317599

Title:
  Evince doesn't show "fi"-ligatures in a pdf file

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