I made one more observation, and it is fully reproducible. Frankly, it
would appear that the bug may not be as impactful as originally though
(if this is a bug, to begin with). Here it is:

On one of the Linux clients, Windows runs in Virtualbox. The NFS share
is mounted within the Linux host, and the mount point is available in
the virtual environment as a vboxdrv shared folder. Within Windows, the
user uses a translation automation tool called "Trados".  If -- and only
if -- this program is running, the apparent runaway kworker uses 100%
CPU. When Trados is closed, the CPU core returns to idle within ~20 to
30 seconds.

This, finally, explains many observations I made before, which are mere
coincidences. It also explains why a second NFS server that I brought
online today does not exhibit the runaway behavior. Only the combination
of all three: NFS, Virtualbox (Win 7 guest), and Trados, puts a heavy
load on the rpc daemon. No other Windows program in the virtual box does
that.

Why and how? I used tcpdump to see if anything insane is going on, but
it is not -- neither on the client's physical eth0 interface nor on the
virtual vboxnet0 interface. I did not find anything suspicious. Also, I
cannot explain why the old 10.04 NFS server didn't show this behavior.
NFSv3 perhaps? And why does it affect the rpc daemon?

In conclusion, I believe that I found the cause (albeit not the reason)
for the runaway behavior. I also believe that the combination of
software packages is very unusual, and this bug is not likely to affect
many people. I propose to reduce the importance level of this bug to
"low".

Latsly, it makes me shudder to think about what Trados might do to the
hard disks of people who use it locally, with natively installed
Windows.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1322407

Title:
  NFS kernel server creates a kworker with 100% CPU usage, then hangs
  randomly

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