I was wrong about that. fsck -c -c -k ... had found 3 bad blocks, so I thought 
"ah! it was device error after all".
Having moved the bad blocks out of the way, I expected all to return to normal, 
and would have changed to moaning
about the complete lack of visible diagnostics (including in dmesg) about the 
occurrence of any IO error when writing
to the bad blocks. (It's possible that the IO ends up in the device cache and 
it's not until that's flushed to the drive that
any error is detected, and that's not communicated back to the host, so there's 
little the software can do.)

In fact, the system has continued on in the same old way. Just now:
[73851.280405] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:741: group 
67, 6802 clusters in bitmap, 6777 in gd
[73851.280416] Aborting journal on device sda1-8.
[73851.280527] EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[73851.280541] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_reserve_inode_write:4550: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.280639] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_reserve_inode_write:4550: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.280836] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_ext_remove_space:2790: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.280922] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_reserve_inode_write:4550: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.281005] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_ext_truncate:4308: Journal 
has aborted
[73851.281093] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_reserve_inode_write:4550: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.281165] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_orphan_del:2491: Journal has 
aborted
[73851.281313] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_reserve_inode_write:4550: 
Journal has aborted
[73851.331505] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:741: group 
128, 8453 clusters in bitmap, 8437 in gd
[73851.331513] EXT4-fs (sda1): pa f61a05e8: logic 2637, phys. 4209875, len 3
[73851.331516] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_mb_release_inode_pa:3607: 
group 128, free 3, pa_free 2

and after an fsck, it has reverted chunks of the file system because
(presumably, not that it tells you anywhere) it has discarded the tail
of the journal.

This has become unusable.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/992424

Title:
  ext4 filesystem errors on SSD disk

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