>But why can't the metadata writes be delayed as 
>well? Why do they have to be written every five seconds 
>instead of much later, whenever the data happens to get written?

Fundamentally the problem is "entangled commits".   Normally there are
multiple things happening all at once in a filesystem.   One process is
truncating a file and rewriting it, and other process is creating a new
file and allocating blocks, and so (for example) both process might
touch the block allocation bitmap as they do their various operations.
So it's not as simple as "delaying the truncate"; you can delay
committing all operations in the journal, but you can't just delay one
transaction but not another.   This is the case with SQL as well; you
can issue various commands, such as an SQL "INSERT" and an SQL "DROP"
command, but you can't delay one SQL statement beyond another one;
although you can control when you send the "COMMIT" statement.

So you can change the journal commit interval from 5 seconds to say 30
seconds, or 600 seconds.  Laptop mode for example will by default change
the journal commit time to 30 seconds.  That will do part of what you
want; if you make the journal commit interval much larger than the
default writeback time, that will achieve most of what you want.
However, various disk buffers will get pinned in memory until the commit
takes place, so extending commits may end up chewing up more memory used
by the kernel.   TNSTAAFL.

-- 
Ext4 data loss
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/317781
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