The \*- portability hassle in man pages is no longer needed,
now that groff puts into a PDF file something that cuts
and pastes as ASCII minus. Removing this hack simplifies
the man pages and is nicer for some man page processors.
---
date.1 | 16 +++---
newctime.3 | 4 +-
newstrftime.3 | 44 ++++++++--------
newtzset.3 | 24 ++++-----
time2posix.3 | 4 +-
tzfile.5 | 22 ++++----
tzselect.8 | 26 +++++-----
zdump.8 | 36 +++++++------
zic.8 | 136 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
9 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 167 deletions(-)
diff --git a/date.1 b/date.1
index 9b025bc9..3a02e7c2 100644
--- a/date.1
+++ b/date.1
@@ -6,15 +6,13 @@ date \- show and set date and time
.SH SYNOPSIS
.if n .nh
.if n .na
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.B date
[
-.B \*-u
+.B \-u
] [
-.B \*-c
+.B \-c
] [
-.B \*-r
+.B \-r
.I seconds
] [
.BI + format
@@ -55,18 +53,18 @@ to determine what to output;
a newline character is appended.
For example, the shell command:
.ce 1
-date +"%Y\*-%m\*-%d %H:%M:%S %z"
+date +"%Y\-%m\-%d %H:%M:%S %z"
.br
outputs a line like
-.q "2025\*-03\*-08 14:54:40 \*-0500"
+.q "2025\-03\-08 14:54:40 \-0500"
instead.
.PP
These options are available:
.TP
-.BR \*-u " or " \*-c
+.BR \-u " or " \-c
Use Universal Time when setting and showing the date and time.
.TP
-.BI "\*-r " seconds
+.BI "\-r " seconds
Output the date that corresponds to
.I seconds
past the epoch of 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, where
diff --git a/newctime.3 b/newctime.3
index d19fd25b..5e1b6148 100644
--- a/newctime.3
+++ b/newctime.3
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
asctime, ctime, difftime, gmtime, localtime, mktime \- convert date and time
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.B #include <time.h>
.PP
.B [[deprecated]] char *ctime(time_t const *clock);
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ asctime, ctime, difftime, gmtime, localtime, mktime \-
convert date and time
.B "time_t mktime_z(timezone_t restrict zone,"
.B " struct tm *restrict tm);"
.PP
-.B cc ... \*-ltz
+.B cc ... \-ltz
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.ie '\(en'' .ds en \-
diff --git a/newstrftime.3 b/newstrftime.3
index e8200095..e9a38224 100644
--- a/newstrftime.3
+++ b/newstrftime.3
@@ -40,8 +40,6 @@
strftime \- format date and time
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.B #include <time.h>
.PP
.B "size_t strftime(char *restrict buf, size_t maxsize,"
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ If a bracketed member name is followed by
.B strftime
can use the named member even though POSIX.1-2024 does not list it;
if the name is followed by
-.q \*- ,
+.q \- ,
.B strftime
ignores the member even though POSIX.1-2024 lists it
which means portable code should set it.
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ is replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time
representation.
.IR tm_sec ,
.IR tm_gmtoff ,
.IR tm_zone ,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-].
+.IR tm_isdst \-].
.TP
%D
is equivalent to
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ with "%s".
.IR tm_min ,
.IR tm_sec ,
.IR tm_gmtoff +,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-].
+.IR tm_isdst \-].
.TP
%T
is replaced by the time in the format
@@ -298,7 +296,7 @@ is replaced by the week number of the year (Sunday as the
first day of
the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
.RI [ tm_wday ,
.IR tm_yday ,
-.IR tm_year \*-]
+.IR tm_year \-]
.TP
%u
is replaced by the weekday (Monday as the first day of the week)
@@ -332,17 +330,17 @@ as a decimal number [0,6].
.TP
%X
is replaced by the locale's appropriate time representation.
-.RI [ tm_year \*-,
-.IR tm_yday \*-,
-.IR tm_mon \*-,
-.IR tm_mday \*-,
-.IR tm_wday \*-,
+.RI [ tm_year \-,
+.IR tm_yday \-,
+.IR tm_mon \-,
+.IR tm_mday \-,
+.IR tm_wday \-,
.IR tm_hour ,
.IR tm_min ,
.IR tm_sec ,
.IR tm_gmtoff ,
.IR tm_zone ,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-].
+.IR tm_isdst \-].
.TP
%x
is replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation.
@@ -353,12 +351,12 @@ it can generate "01/02/03" in the C locale.
.IR tm_mon ,
.IR tm_mday ,
.IR tm_wday ,
-.IR tm_hour \*-,
-.IR tm_min \*-,
-.IR tm_sec \*-,
-.IR tm_gmtoff \*-,
-.IR tm_zone \*-,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-].
+.IR tm_hour \-,
+.IR tm_min \-,
+.IR tm_sec \-,
+.IR tm_gmtoff \-,
+.IR tm_zone \-,
+.IR tm_isdst \-].
.TP
%Y
is replaced by the year with century as a decimal number.
@@ -373,22 +371,22 @@ Since it omits the century, it is ambiguous for dates.
is replaced by the time zone abbreviation,
or by the empty string if this is not determinable.
.RI [ tm_zone ,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-]
+.IR tm_isdst \-]
.TP
%z
is replaced by the offset from the Prime Meridian
-in the format +HHMM or \*-HHMM (ISO 8601) as appropriate,
+in the format +HHMM or \-HHMM (ISO 8601) as appropriate,
with positive values representing locations east of Greenwich,
or by the empty string if this is not determinable.
-The numeric time zone abbreviation \*-0000 is used when the time is
+The numeric time zone abbreviation \-0000 is used when the time is
Universal Time
but local time is indeterminate; by convention this is used for
locations while uninhabited, and corresponds to a zero offset when the
time zone abbreviation begins with
-.q "\*-" .
+.q "\-" .
.RI [ tm_gmtoff ,
.IR tm_zone +,
-.IR tm_isdst \*-]
+.IR tm_isdst \-]
.TP
%%
is replaced by a single %.
diff --git a/newtzset.3 b/newtzset.3
index 661fb25b..db6bfa7f 100644
--- a/newtzset.3
+++ b/newtzset.3
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
tzset \- initialize time conversion information
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.B #include <time.h>
.PP
.BI "timezone_t tzalloc(char const *" TZ );
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ tzset \- initialize time conversion information
.br
.B extern int daylight;
.PP
-.B cc ... \*-ltz
+.B cc ... \-ltz
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.ie '\(en'' .ds en \-
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ except a leading colon
digits, comma
.RB ( , ),
ASCII minus
-.RB ( \*- ),
+.RB ( \- ),
ASCII plus
.RB ( + ),
and NUL bytes are allowed.
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ daylight saving time is assumed to be one hour ahead of
standard time. One or
more digits may be used; the value is always interpreted as a decimal
number. The hour must be between zero and 24, and the minutes (and
seconds) \*(en if present \*(en between zero and 59. If preceded by a
-.q "\*-" ,
+.q "\-" ,
the time zone shall be east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise it shall be
west (which may be indicated by an optional preceding
.q "+" .
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ values that directly specify the timezone.
stands for US Eastern Standard
Time (EST), 5 hours behind UT, without daylight saving.
.TP
-.B <+12>\*-12<+13>,M11.1.0,M1.2.1/147
+.B <+12>\-12<+13>,M11.1.0,M1.2.1/147
stands for Fiji time, 12 hours ahead
of UT, springing forward on November's first Sunday at 02:00, and
falling back on January's second Monday at 147:00 (i.e., 03:00 on the
@@ -249,34 +247,34 @@ and daylight saving time are
and
.q "+13".
.TP
-.B IST\*-2IDT,M3.4.4/26,M10.5.0
+.B IST\-2IDT,M3.4.4/26,M10.5.0
stands for Israel Standard Time (IST) and Israel Daylight Time (IDT),
2 hours ahead of UT, springing forward on March's fourth
Thursday at 26:00 (i.e., 02:00 on the first Friday on or after March
23), and falling back on October's last Sunday at 02:00.
.TP
-.B <\*-04>4<\*-03>,J1/0,J365/25
+.B <\-04>4<\-03>,J1/0,J365/25
stands for permanent daylight saving time, 3 hours behind UT with
abbreviation
-.q "\*-03".
+.q "\-03".
There is a dummy fall-back transition on December 31 at 25:00 daylight
saving time (i.e., 24:00 standard time, equivalent to January 1 at
00:00 standard time), and a simultaneous spring-forward transition on
January 1 at 00:00 standard time, so daylight saving time is in effect
all year and the initial
-.B <\*-04>
+.B <\-04>
is a placeholder.
.TP
-.B <\*-03>3<\*-02>,M3.5.0/\*-2,M10.5.0/\*-1
+.B <\-03>3<\-02>,M3.5.0/\-2,M10.5.0/\-1
stands for time in western Greenland, 3 hours behind UT, where clocks
follow the EU rules of
springing forward on March's last Sunday at 01:00 UT (\-02:00 local
time, i.e., 22:00 the previous day) and falling back on October's last
Sunday at 01:00 UT (\-01:00 local time, i.e., 23:00 the previous day).
The abbreviations for standard and daylight saving time are
-.q "\*-03"
+.q "\-03"
and
-.q "\*-02".
+.q "\-02".
.PP
If
.I TZ
diff --git a/time2posix.3 b/time2posix.3
index 6644060a..4a6969ed 100644
--- a/time2posix.3
+++ b/time2posix.3
@@ -5,15 +5,13 @@
time2posix, posix2time \- convert seconds since the Epoch
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.B #include <time.h>
.PP
.B time_t time2posix(time_t t);
.PP
.B time_t posix2time(time_t t);
.PP
-.B cc ... \*-ltz
+.B cc ... \-ltz
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.ie '\(en'' .ds en \-
diff --git a/tzfile.5 b/tzfile.5
index 34b994cc..a021859d 100644
--- a/tzfile.5
+++ b/tzfile.5
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ tzfile \- timezone information
.de q
\\$3\*(lq\\$1\*(rq\\$2
..
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
The timezone information files used by
.BR tzset (3)
are typically found under a directory with a name like
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ and
serves as an index into the array of time zone abbreviation bytes
that follow the
.B ttinfo
-entries in the file; if the designated string is "\*-00", the
+entries in the file; if the designated string is "\-00", the
.B ttinfo
entry is a placeholder indicating that local time is unspecified.
The
@@ -188,7 +186,7 @@ The standard/wall and UT/local indicators were designed for
transforming a TZif file's transition times into transitions appropriate
for another time zone specified via
a proleptic TZ string that lacks rules.
-For example, when TZ="EET\*-2EEST" and there is no TZif file "EET\*-2EEST",
+For example, when TZ="EET\-2EEST" and there is no TZif file "EET\-2EEST",
the idea was to adapt the transition times from a TZif file with the
well-known name "posixrules" that is present only for this purpose and
is a copy of the file "Europe/Brussels", a file with a different UT offset.
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ the default rules are installation-dependent, and no
implementation
is known to support this feature for timestamps past 2037,
so users desiring (say) Greek time should instead specify
TZ="Europe/Athens" for better historical coverage, falling back on
-TZ="EET\*-2EEST,M3.5.0/3,M10.5.0/4" if POSIX conformance is required
+TZ="EET\-2EEST,M3.5.0/3,M10.5.0/4" if POSIX conformance is required
and older timestamps need not be handled accurately.
.PP
The
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ the earliest transition time.
For version-3-format timezone files, a TZ string (see
.BR newtzset (3))
may use the following POSIX.1-2024 extensions to POSIX.1-2017:
-First, as in TZ="<\*-02>2<\*-01>,M3.5.0/\*-1,M10.5.0/0",
+First, as in TZ="<\-02>2<\-01>,M3.5.0/\-1,M10.5.0/0",
the hours part of its transition times may be signed and range from
\-167 through 167 instead of being limited to unsigned values
from 0 through 24.
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ time did not exist (possibly with an error indication).
Time zone designations should consist of at least three (3)
and no more than six (6) ASCII characters from the set of
alphanumerics,
-.q "\*-",
+.q "\-",
and
.q "+".
This is for compatibility with POSIX requirements for
@@ -396,7 +394,7 @@ and even for current timestamps it can fail for settings
like
TZ="Africa/Casablanca". This corresponds to a TZif file
containing explicit transitions through the year 2087,
followed by a footer containing the TZ string
-.q <+01>\*-1 ,
+.q <+01>\-1 ,
which should be used only for timestamps after the last
explicit transition.
.IP \(bu
@@ -438,7 +436,7 @@ These characters are not recommended.
Some readers may mishandle time zone abbreviations that
contain fewer than 3 or more than 6 characters or that
contain ASCII characters other than alphanumerics,
-.q "\*-",
+.q "\-",
and
.q "+".
These abbreviations are not recommended.
@@ -448,7 +446,7 @@ daylight-saving time UT offsets that are less than the UT
offsets for the corresponding standard time.
These readers do not support locations like Ireland, which
uses the equivalent of the TZ string
-.q "IST\*-1GMT0,M10.5.0,M3.5.0/1",
+.q "IST\-1GMT0,M10.5.0,M3.5.0/1",
observing standard time
(IST, +01) in summer and daylight saving time (GMT, +00) in winter.
As a partial workaround, a writer can output data for the
@@ -485,10 +483,10 @@ Readers that do not support negative timestamps are
likely to
be more prone to this problem.
.IP \(bu
Some readers mishandle time zone abbreviations like
-.q "\*-08"
+.q "\-08"
that contain
.q "+",
-.q "\*-",
+.q "\-",
or digits.
.IP \(bu
Some readers mishandle UT offsets that are out of the
diff --git a/tzselect.8 b/tzselect.8
index ee031614..b83f702d 100644
--- a/tzselect.8
+++ b/tzselect.8
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
.SH NAME
tzselect \- select a timezone
.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
.ds d " degrees
.ds m " minutes
.ds s " seconds
@@ -20,15 +18,15 @@ tzselect \- select a timezone
.\}
.B tzselect
[
-.B \*-c
+.B \-c
.I coord
] [
-.B \*-n
+.B \-n
.I limit
] [
-.B \*-\*-help
+.B \-\-help
] [
-.B \*-\*-version
+.B \-\-version
]
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ The output is suitable as a value for the TZ environment
variable.
All interaction with the user is done via standard input and standard error.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
-.BI "\*-c " coord
+.BI "\-c " coord
Instead of asking for continent and then country and then city,
ask for selection from time zones whose largest cities
are closest to the location with geographical coordinates
@@ -70,27 +68,27 @@ seconds, with any trailing fractions represent fractional
minutes or
.I SS
is present) seconds. The decimal point is that of the current locale.
For example, in the (default) C locale,
-.B "\*-c\ +40.689\*-074.045"
+.B "\-c\ +40.689\-074.045"
specifies 40.689\*d\*_N, 74.045\*d\*_W,
-.B "\*-c\ +4041.4\*-07402.7"
+.B "\-c\ +4041.4\-07402.7"
specifies 40\*d\*_41.4\*m\*_N, 74\*d\*_2.7\*m\*_W, and
-.B "\*-c\ +404121\*-0740240"
+.B "\-c\ +404121\-0740240"
specifies 40\*d\*_41\*m\*_21\*s\*_N, 74\*d\*_2\*m\*_40\*s\*_W.
If
.I coord
is not one of the documented forms, the resulting behavior is unspecified.
.TP
-.BI "\*-n " limit
+.BI "\-n " limit
When
-.B \*-c
+.B \-c
is used, display the closest
.I limit
locations (default 10).
.TP
-.B "\*-\*-help"
+.B "\-\-help"
Output help information and exit.
.TP
-.B "\*-\*-version"
+.B "\-\-version"
Output version information and exit.
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
.TP
diff --git a/zdump.8 b/zdump.8
index 8792b54e..9996039e 100644
--- a/zdump.8
+++ b/zdump.8
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ zdump \- timezone dumper
.de q
\\$3\*(lq\\$1\*(rq\\$2
..
-.ie \n(.g .ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.el .ds - \-
The
.B zdump
program prints the current time in each
@@ -28,19 +26,19 @@ named on the command line.
A
.I timezone
of
-.B \*-
+.B \-
is treated as if it were /dev/stdin;
this can be used to pipe TZif data into
.BR zdump .
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
-.B \*-\*-version
+.B \-\-version
Output version information and exit.
.TP
-.B \*-\*-help
+.B \-\-help
Output short usage message and exit.
.TP
-.B \*-i
+.B \-i
Output a description of time intervals. For each
.I timezone
on the command line, output an interval-format description of the
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ timezone. See
.q "INTERVAL FORMAT"
below.
.TP
-.B \*-v
+.B \-v
Output a verbose description of time intervals.
For each
.I timezone
@@ -74,26 +72,26 @@ if the given local time is known to be
.I N
seconds east of Greenwich.
.TP
-.B \*-V
+.B \-V
Like
-.BR \*-v ,
+.BR \-v ,
except omit output concerning extreme time and year values.
This generates output that is easier to compare to that of
implementations with different time representations.
.TP
-.BI "\*-c " \fR[\fIloyear , \fR]\fIhiyear
+.BI "\-c " \fR[\fIloyear , \fR]\fIhiyear
Cut off interval output at the given year(s).
Cutoff times are computed using the proleptic Gregorian calendar with year 0
and with Universal Time (UT) ignoring leap seconds.
Cutoffs are at the start of each year, where the lower-bound
timestamp is inclusive and the upper is exclusive; for example,
-.B "\*-c 1970,2070"
+.B "\-c 1970,2070"
selects transitions on or after 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
and before 2070-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
The default cutoff is
-.BR \*-500,2500 .
+.BR \-500,2500 .
.TP
-.BI "\*-t " \fR[\fIlotime , \fR]\fIhitime
+.BI "\-t " \fR[\fIlotime , \fR]\fIhitime
Cut off interval output at the given time(s),
given in decimal seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ The
.I timezone
determines whether the count includes leap seconds.
As with
-.BR \*-c ,
+.BR \-c ,
the cutoff's lower bound is inclusive and its upper bound is exclusive.
.SH "INTERVAL FORMAT"
The interval format is a compact text representation that is intended
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ then a line
where
.I string
is a double-quoted string giving the timezone, a second line
-.q "\*- \*- \fIinterval\fP"
+.q "\- \- \fIinterval\fP"
describing the time interval before the first transition if any, and
zero or more following lines
.q "\fIdate time interval\fP",
@@ -137,11 +135,11 @@ daylight saving time and negative for unknown.
In times and in UT offsets with absolute value less than 100 hours,
the seconds are omitted if they are zero, and
the minutes are also omitted if they are also zero. Positive UT
-offsets are east of Greenwich. The UT offset \*-00 denotes a UT
+offsets are east of Greenwich. The UT offset \-00 denotes a UT
placeholder in areas where the actual offset is unspecified; by
convention, this occurs when the UT offset is zero and the time zone
abbreviation begins with
-.q "\*-"
+.q "\-"
or is
.q "zzz".
.PP
@@ -218,9 +216,9 @@ This works in all real-world cases;
one can construct artificial time zones for which this fails.
.PP
In the
-.B \*-v
+.B \-v
and
-.B \*-V
+.B \-V
output,
.q "UT"
denotes the value returned by
diff --git a/zic.8 b/zic.8
index 50298a09..4eeb7a46 100644
--- a/zic.8
+++ b/zic.8
@@ -22,14 +22,8 @@ zic \- timezone compiler
.el .ds < \(la
.ie '\(ra'' .ds > >
.el .ds > \(ra
-.ie \n(.g \{\
-. ds : \:
-. ds - \f(CR-\fP
-.\}
-.el \{\
-. ds :
-. ds - \-
-.\}
+.ie \n(.g .ds : \:
+.el .ds : .
.ds d " degrees
.ds m " minutes
.ds s " seconds
@@ -50,17 +44,17 @@ specified in this input.
If a
.I filename
is
-.q "\*-" ,
+.q "\-" ,
standard input is read.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
-.B "\*-\*-version"
+.B "\-\-version"
Output version information and exit.
.TP
-.B \*-\*-help
+.B \-\-help
Output short usage message and exit.
.TP
-.BI "\*-b " bloat
+.BI "\-b " bloat
Output backward-compatibility data as specified by
.IR bloat .
If
@@ -81,14 +75,14 @@ The default is
as software that mishandles 64-bit data typically
mishandles timestamps after the year 2038 anyway.
Also see the
-.B \*-r
+.B \-r
option for another way to alter output size.
.TP
-.BI "\*-d " directory
+.BI "\-d " directory
Create time conversion information files in the named directory rather than
in the standard directory named below.
.TP
-.BI "\*-l " timezone
+.BI "\-l " timezone
Use
.I timezone
as local time.
@@ -102,19 +96,19 @@ Link \fItimezone\fP localtime
If
.I timezone
is
-.BR \*- ,
+.BR \- ,
any already-existing link is removed.
.TP
-.BI "\*-L " leapsecondfilename
+.BI "\-L " leapsecondfilename
Read leap second information from the file with the given name.
If this option is not used,
no leap second information appears in output files.
.TP
-.BI "\*-p " timezone
+.BI "\-p " timezone
Use
.IR timezone 's
rules when handling nonstandard
-TZ strings like "EET\*-2EEST" that lack transition rules.
+TZ strings like "EET\-2EEST" that lack transition rules.
.B zic
will act as if the input contained a link line of the form
.sp
@@ -124,21 +118,21 @@ Link \fItimezone\fP posixrules
If
.I timezone
is
-.q "\*-"
+.q "\-"
(the default), any already-existing link is removed.
.sp
Unless
.I timezone is
-.q "\*-" ,
+.q "\-" ,
this option is obsolete and poorly supported.
Among other things it should not be used for timestamps after the year 2037,
and it should not be combined with
-.B "\*-b slim"
+.B "\-b slim"
if
.IR timezone 's
transitions are at standard time or Universal Time (UT) instead of local time.
.TP
-.BR "\*-r " "[\fB@\fP\fIlo\fP][\fB/@\fP\fIhi\fP]"
+.BR "\-r " "[\fB@\fP\fIlo\fP][\fB/@\fP\fIhi\fP]"
Limit the applicability of output files
to timestamps in the range from
.I lo
@@ -152,17 +146,17 @@ are possibly signed decimal counts of seconds since the
Epoch
(1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC).
Omitted counts default to extreme values.
The output files use UT offset 0 and abbreviation
-.q "\*-00"
+.q "\-00"
in place of the omitted timestamp data.
For example,
-.q "zic \*-r @0"
+.q "zic \-r @0"
omits data intended for negative timestamps (i.e., before the Epoch), and
-.q "zic \*-r @0/@2147483648"
+.q "zic \-r @0/@2147483648"
outputs data intended only for nonnegative timestamps that fit into
31-bit signed integers.
On platforms with GNU
.BR date ,
-.q "zic \*-r @$(date +%s)"
+.q "zic \-r @$(date +%s)"
omits data intended for past timestamps.
Although this option typically reduces the output file's size,
the size can increase due to the need to represent the timestamp range
@@ -173,10 +167,10 @@ causes a TZif file to contain explicit entries for
transitions rather than concisely representing them
with a proleptic TZ string.
Also see the
-.B "\*-b slim"
+.B "\-b slim"
option for another way to shrink output size.
.TP
-.BI "\*-R @" hi
+.BI "\-R @" hi
Generate redundant trailing explicit transitions for timestamps
that occur less than
.I hi
@@ -187,11 +181,11 @@ Although it accommodates nonstandard TZif readers
that ignore the proleptic TZ string,
it increases the size of the altered output files.
.TP
-.BI "\*-t " file
+.BI "\-t " file
When creating local time information, put the configuration link in
the named file rather than in the standard location.
.TP
-.B \*-v
+.B \-v
Be more verbose, and complain about the following situations:
.RS
.PP
@@ -259,10 +253,10 @@ before 1970 or after the start of 2038.
The output contains a truncated leap second table,
which can cause some older TZif readers to misbehave.
This can occur if the
-.B "\*-L"
+.B "\-L"
option is used, and either an Expires line is present or
the
-.B "\*-r"
+.B "\-r"
option is also used.
.PP
The output file contains more than 1200 transitions,
@@ -276,13 +270,13 @@ POSIX requires at least 3, and requires implementations
to support
at least 6.
.PP
An output file name contains a byte that is not an ASCII letter,
-.q "\*-" ,
+.q "\-" ,
.q "/" ,
or
.q "_" ;
or it contains a file name component that contains more than 14 bytes
or that starts with
-.q "\*-" .
+.q "\-" .
.RE
.SH FILES
Input files use the format described in this section; output files use
@@ -301,7 +295,7 @@ non-PPCS bytes. Non-PPCS characters typically occur only
in comments:
although output file names and time zone abbreviations can contain
nearly any character, other software will work better if these are
limited to the restricted syntax described under the
-.B \*-v
+.B \-v
option.
.PP
Input lines are made up of fields.
@@ -331,14 +325,14 @@ abbreviation must be unambiguous in context.
A rule line has the form
.nf
.ti +2
-.ta \w'Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'1973\0\0'u +\w'\*-\0\0'u
+\w'Apr\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00w\0\0'u +\w'1:00d\0\0'u
+.ta \w'Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'1973\0\0'u +\w'\-\0\0'u
+\w'Apr\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00w\0\0'u +\w'1:00d\0\0'u
.sp
-Rule NAME FROM TO \*- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NAME FROM TO \- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
.sp
For example:
.ti +2
.sp
-Rule US 1967 1973 \*- Apr lastSun 2:00w 1:00d D
+Rule US 1967 1973 \- Apr lastSun 2:00w 1:00d D
.sp
.fi
The fields that make up a rule line are:
@@ -347,7 +341,7 @@ The fields that make up a rule line are:
Gives the name of the rule set that contains this line.
The name must start with a character that is neither
an ASCII digit nor
-.q \*-
+.q \-
nor
.q + .
To allow for future extensions,
@@ -375,9 +369,9 @@ may be used to repeat the value of the
.B FROM
field.
.TP
-.B \*-
+.B \-
Is a reserved field and should always contain
-.q \*-
+.q \-
for compatibility with older versions of
.BR zic .
It was previously known as the
@@ -455,8 +449,8 @@ Recognized forms include:
15:00 3 PM, 15 hours after 00:00
24:00 end of day, 24 hours after 00:00
260:00 260 hours after 00:00
-\*-2:30 2.5 hours before 00:00
-\*- equivalent to 0
+\-2:30 2.5 hours before 00:00
+\- equivalent to 0
.fi
.in
.sp
@@ -530,7 +524,7 @@ or
.q "EDT" )
of time zone abbreviations to be used when this rule is in effect.
If this field is
-.q \*- ,
+.q \- ,
the variable part is null.
.PP
A zone line has the form
@@ -577,7 +571,7 @@ field,
giving the amount of time to be added to local standard time
and whether the resulting time is standard or daylight saving.
Standard time applies if this field is
-.B \*-
+.B \-
or for timestamps occurring before any rule takes effect.
When an amount of time is given, only the sum of standard time and
this amount matters.
@@ -613,9 +607,9 @@ To conform to POSIX, a time zone abbreviation should
contain only
alphanumeric ASCII characters,
.q "+"
and
-.q "\*-".
+.q "\-".
By convention, the time zone abbreviation
-.q "\*-00"
+.q "\-00"
is a placeholder that means local time is unspecified.
.TP
.B UNTIL
@@ -674,25 +668,25 @@ For example:
.ne 7
.nf
.in +2
-.ta \w'# Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'2006\0\0'u +\w'\*-\0\0'u
+\w'Oct\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00\0\0'u +\w'SAVE\0\0'u
+.ta \w'# Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'2006\0\0'u +\w'\-\0\0'u
+\w'Oct\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00\0\0'u +\w'SAVE\0\0'u
.sp
-# Rule NAME FROM TO \*- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Rule NAME FROM TO \- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
.ta \w'# Zone\0\0'u +\w'America/Menominee\0\0'u +\w'STDOFF\0\0'u
+\w'RULES\0\0'u +\w'FORMAT\0\0'u
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone America/Menominee \*-5:00 \*- EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
- \*-6:00 US C%sT
+Zone America/Menominee \-5:00 \- EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
+ \-6:00 US C%sT
.sp
.in
.fi
Here, an incorrect reading would be there were two clock changes on 1973-04-29,
-the first from 02:00 EST (\*-05) to 01:00 CST (\*-06),
-and the second an hour later from 02:00 CST (\*-06) to 03:00 CDT (\*-05).
+the first from 02:00 EST (\-05) to 01:00 CST (\-06),
+and the second an hour later from 02:00 CST (\-06) to 03:00 CDT (\-05).
However,
.B zic
-interprets this more sensibly as a single transition from 02:00 CST (\*-05) to
-02:00 CDT (\*-05).
+interprets this more sensibly as a single transition from 02:00 CST (\-05) to
+02:00 CDT (\-05).
.PP
A link line has the form
.sp
@@ -731,7 +725,7 @@ For example:
.ta \w'Zone\0\0'u +\w'Greenwich\0\0'u
Link Greenwich G_M_T
Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
-Zone Etc/GMT\0\00\0\0\*-\0\0GMT
+Zone Etc/GMT\0\00\0\0\-\0\0GMT
.sp
.in
.fi
@@ -772,7 +766,7 @@ should be
.q "+"
if a second was added
or
-.q "\*-"
+.q "\-"
if a second was skipped.
The
.B R/S
@@ -796,7 +790,7 @@ rolling leap seconds can be useful in specialized
applications
like SMPTE timecodes that may prefer to put leap second
discontinuities at the end of a local broadcast day.
However, rolling leap seconds are not supported if the
-.B \*-r
+.B \-r
option is used.
.PP
The expiration line, if present, has the form:
@@ -827,23 +821,23 @@ Here is an extended example of
input, intended to illustrate many of its features.
.nf
.in +2
-.ta \w'# Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'1973\0\0'u +\w'\*-\0\0'u
+\w'Apr\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00\0\0'u +\w'SAVE\0\0'u
+.ta \w'# Rule\0\0'u +\w'NAME\0\0'u +\w'FROM\0\0'u +\w'1973\0\0'u +\w'\-\0\0'u
+\w'Apr\0\0'u +\w'lastSun\0\0'u +\w'2:00\0\0'u +\w'SAVE\0\0'u
.sp
-# Rule NAME FROM TO \*- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 \*- May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
-Rule Swiss 1941 1942 \*- Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 \*-
+# Rule NAME FROM TO \- IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 \- May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 \- Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 \-
.sp .5
-Rule EU 1977 1980 \*- Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EU 1977 only \*- Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 \*-
-Rule EU 1978 only \*- Oct 1 1:00u 0 \*-
-Rule EU 1979 1995 \*- Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 \*-
-Rule EU 1981 max \*- Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
-Rule EU 1996 max \*- Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 \*-
+Rule EU 1977 1980 \- Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1977 only \- Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 \-
+Rule EU 1978 only \- Oct 1 1:00u 0 \-
+Rule EU 1979 1995 \- Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 \-
+Rule EU 1981 max \- Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1996 max \- Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 \-
.sp
.ta \w'# Zone\0\0'u +\w'Europe/Zurich\0\0'u +\w'0:29:45.50\0\0'u
+\w'RULES\0\0'u +\w'FORMAT\0\0'u
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 \*- LMT 1853 Jul 16
- 0:29:45.50 \*- BMT 1894 Jun
+Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 \- LMT 1853 Jul 16
+ 0:29:45.50 \- BMT 1894 Jun
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1:00 EU CE%sT
.sp
--
2.47.1
