I think autopkgtest is working as expected. You asked to pin
src:nftables from -proposed, autopkgtest did that, even if this causes
dependency resolution issues. In the specific case you also need to add
src:libnftnl to the pinned packages.

Normally when this problem happens, autopkgtest re-tries to install the
test dependencies dropping the strict pinning, i.e. by testing with all
-proposed. In this case this isn't happening because it is not
autopkgtest installing those dependencies, but it's the test itself, so
there is no "all-proposed fallback" and also the error message is a bit
obscure. [Ideally test dependencies should be declared in d/t/control
and installed by autopkgtest, and not by the test scripts.]

In the future autopkgtest will somehow use the new apt solver3, but we
are not there yet.

I don't think https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1088971
is related to this in any way.

Does this fit your understanding of the problem?

** Changed in: autopkgtest (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Incomplete

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2091318

Title:
  misconfigured pin-priority for trigger packages in systemd upstream
  test

Status in autopkgtest package in Ubuntu:
  Incomplete
Status in nftables package in Ubuntu:
  New
Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  In this test for example[1], where nftables is a trigger, we see:

  4476s Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  4476s requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  4476s distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  4476s or been moved out of Incoming.
  4476s The following information may help to resolve the situation:
  4476s 
  4476s The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  4476s  dnsmasq : Depends: dnsmasq-base
  4476s  nftables : Depends: libnftables1 (= 1.1.1-1build1) but it is not 
installable
  4476s E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
  4476s ‣ "apt-get -o APT::Architecture=amd64 -o APT::Architectures=amd64 -o 
APT::Install-Recommends=false -o APT::Immediate-Configure=off -o 
APT::Get::Assume-Yes=true -o APT::Get::AutomaticRemove=true -o 
APT::Get::Allow-Change-Held-Packages=true -o 
APT::Get::Allow-Remove-Essential=true -o APT::Sandbox::User=root -o 
Acquire::AllowReleaseInfoChange=true -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false -o 
Dir::Cache=/var/cache/apt -o Dir::State=/var/lib/apt -o Dir::Log=/var/log/apt 
-o Dir::State::Status=/buildroot/var/lib/dpkg/status -o 
Dir::Bin::DPkg=/usr/bin/dpkg -o Debug::NoLocking=true -o 
DPkg::Options::=--root=/buildroot -o DPkg::Options::=--force-unsafe-io -o 
DPkg::Options::=--force-architecture -o DPkg::Options::=--force-depends -o 
DPkg::Options::=--no-debsig -o DPkg::Use-Pty=false -o 
DPkg::Install::Recursive::Minimum=1000 -o pkgCacheGen::ForceEssential=, -o 
Acquire::http::Proxy=http://squid.internal:3128 -o 
Acquire::https::Proxy=http://squid.internal:3128 install acl attr 
bash-completion binutils coreutils curl diffutils dnsmasq dosfstools e2fsprogs 
findutils gdb grep gzip jq kbd kexec-tools kmod less llvm lvm2 man mdadm mtools 
nano nftables nvme-cli opensc openssl p11-kit pciutils python3 radvd rsync sed 
socat strace tar tmux tree util-linux valgrind which wireguard-tools xfsprogs 
zsh zstd btrfs-progs apt bind9-dnsutils cryptsetup-bin dbus-broker 
dbus-user-session dmsetup erofs-utils f2fs-tools fdisk git-core gnutls-bin 
iproute2 iputils-ping isc-dhcp-server knot libcap-ng-utils locales login man-db 
multipath-tools ncat open-iscsi openssh-client openssh-server passwd polkitd 
procps psmisc python3-pexpect python3-psutil qrencode quota softhsm2 
squashfs-tools stress-ng tgt tpm2-tools tzdata xxd sbsigntool systemd-boot 
systemd-boot-efi linux-image-generic linux-tools-common linux-tools-virtual" 
returned non-zero exit code 100.
  4477s FAILED: . 
  4477s /tmp/autopkgtest.hyNPWm/autopkgtest_tmp/mkosi/bin/mkosi --directory 
/tmp/autopkgtest.hyNPWm/build.eKH/src --output-dir 
/var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build/mkosi.output --cache-dir 
/var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build/mkosi.cache --build-dir 
/var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build/mkosi.builddir 
--extra-search-path /var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build --force 
build
  4477s ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  4477s INFO: autodetecting backend as ninja
  4477s INFO: calculating backend command to run: /usr/bin/ninja -C 
/var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build .
  4477s + cleanup
  4477s + [ -f 
/var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build/meson-logs/testlog.txt ]
  4477s + [ -d /var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs/build/test/journal ]
  4477s + [ -n /var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg ]
  4477s + umount /var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg/btrfs
  4477s + losetup --detach /dev/loop0
  4477s + rm -rf /var/tmp/integration-tests.ydrgguHbfg
  4477s autopkgtest [23:55:05]: test upstream: -----------------------]
  4478s autopkgtest [23:55:06]: test upstream:  - - - - - - - - - - results - - 
- - - - - - - -

  I think this is because of upstream's apt pinning for the "mkosi"
  archive that gets copied into images, but further investigation is
  needed.

  [1] https://autopkgtest.ubuntu.com/results/autopkgtest-
  plucky/plucky/amd64/s/systemd/20241206_235527_6d460@/log.gz

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