I have a similar issue on Debian 9 (Stretch) on a Lenovo X1 Carbon 6th Gen laptop.
DMI: LENOVO 20KHCTO1WW/20KHCTO1WW, BIOS N23ET63W (1.38 ) 04/20/2019 The built-in speaker volume is limited to about 20% even if the volume is set at 100%. The sound card is a ALC285 handled by the snd_hda_intel driver. On my kernel (4.9.0-9-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.168-1+deb9u2 (2019-05-13)), I managed to find this work-around which addresses the low volume issue: Edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf add the following line: options snd-hda-intel model=nofixup After modprobe -r/modprobe of the snd_hda_intel module (or reboot), the volume works fine. Hopefully this can help others facing this open issue as well. Here is the output of lspci -vvv for the sound card: 00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 9d71 (rev 21) (prog-if 80) Subsystem: Lenovo Device 225c Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+ Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx- Latency: 64 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 125 Region 0: Memory at 2ffb018000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Region 4: Memory at 2ffb000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=55mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+) Status: D0 NoSoftRst+ PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME- Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Address: 00000000fee00278 Data: 0000 Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_skl -- You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu Touch seeded packages, which is subscribed to alsa-driver in Ubuntu. https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1465766 Title: low sound volume Status in alsa-driver package in Ubuntu: Confirmed Bug description: this is a thinkpad x1 carbon 3rd gen running xubuntu 15.04 sound volume is very low compared to windows (dual boot), even with alsa and pulseaudio controls set to 100% (or greater). this applies to all apps. i can get really loud sound with: pactl set-sink-volume 1 300000 but then it is very distorted. ProblemType: Bug DistroRelease: Ubuntu 15.04 Package: alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu4 ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.19.0-20.20-generic 3.19.8 Uname: Linux 3.19.0-20-generic x86_64 ApportVersion: 2.17.2-0ubuntu1.1 Architecture: amd64 AudioDevicesInUse: USER PID ACCESS COMMAND /dev/snd/controlC1: smwilson 1577 F.... pulseaudio /dev/snd/controlC0: smwilson 1577 F.... pulseaudio CurrentDesktop: XFCE Date: Tue Jun 16 06:44:39 2015 InstallationDate: Installed on 2015-06-04 (11 days ago) InstallationMedia: Xubuntu Core 15.04 - amd64 - 20150425 PackageArchitecture: all SourcePackage: alsa-driver Symptom: audio Symptom_Card: Built-in Audio - HDA Intel PCH Symptom_Jack: Speaker, Internal Symptom_Type: Volume slider, or mixer problems Title: [20BSCTO1WW, Realtek ALC3232, Speaker, Internal] volume slider problem UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install) dmi.bios.date: 12/01/2014 dmi.bios.vendor: LENOVO dmi.bios.version: N14ET25W (1.03 ) dmi.board.asset.tag: Not Available dmi.board.name: 20BSCTO1WW dmi.board.vendor: LENOVO dmi.board.version: SDK0E50510 WIN dmi.chassis.asset.tag: No Asset Information dmi.chassis.type: 10 dmi.chassis.vendor: LENOVO dmi.chassis.version: None dmi.modalias: dmi:bvnLENOVO:bvrN14ET25W(1.03):bd12/01/2014:svnLENOVO:pn20BSCTO1WW:pvrThinkPadX1Carbon3rd:rvnLENOVO:rn20BSCTO1WW:rvrSDK0E50510WIN:cvnLENOVO:ct10:cvrNone: dmi.product.name: 20BSCTO1WW dmi.product.version: ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd dmi.sys.vendor: LENOVO To manage notifications about this bug go to: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/1465766/+subscriptions -- Mailing list: https://launchpad.net/~touch-packages Post to : touch-packages@lists.launchpad.net Unsubscribe : https://launchpad.net/~touch-packages More help : https://help.launchpad.net/ListHelp