I gave the "loopback" trick a go like so:

root@b1:~# cat /etc/systemd/network/10-netplan-lo.network 
[Match]
Name=lo

[Network]
Address=127.0.0.1
DNS=10.90.90.1
Domains=maaslab maas
root@b1:~# networkctl status --all
● 1: lo
       Link File: n/a
    Network File: /etc/systemd/network/10-netplan-lo.network
            Type: loopback
           State: carrier (configured)
         Address: 127.0.0.1
                  ::1
             DNS: 10.90.90.1
  Search Domains: maaslab
                  maas

● 38: eth0
       Link File: n/a
    Network File: /run/systemd/network/10-netplan-eth0.network
            Type: ether
           State: routable (configured)
      HW Address: 00:16:3e:4c:5b:4b (Xensource, Inc.)
         Address: 10.8.107.71
                  fe80::216:3eff:fe4c:5b4b
         Gateway: 10.8.107.1
             DNS: 10.8.107.1
  Search Domains: lxd
root@b1:~# systemd-resolve --status --no-pager 
Global
          DNSSEC NTA: 10.in-addr.arpa
                      16.172.in-addr.arpa
                      168.192.in-addr.arpa
                      17.172.in-addr.arpa
                      18.172.in-addr.arpa
                      19.172.in-addr.arpa
                      20.172.in-addr.arpa
                      21.172.in-addr.arpa
                      22.172.in-addr.arpa
                      23.172.in-addr.arpa
                      24.172.in-addr.arpa
                      25.172.in-addr.arpa
                      26.172.in-addr.arpa
                      27.172.in-addr.arpa
                      28.172.in-addr.arpa
                      29.172.in-addr.arpa
                      30.172.in-addr.arpa
                      31.172.in-addr.arpa
                      corp
                      d.f.ip6.arpa
                      home
                      internal
                      intranet
                      lan
                      local
                      private
                      test

Link 38 (eth0)
      Current Scopes: DNS LLMNR/IPv4 LLMNR/IPv6
       LLMNR setting: yes
MulticastDNS setting: no
      DNSSEC setting: no
    DNSSEC supported: no
         DNS Servers: 10.8.107.1
          DNS Domain: lxd


networkctl processed the .network file but systemd-resolved didn't seem to 
notice it.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1750884

Title:
  [2.4, bionic] /etc/resolv.conf not configured correctly in Bionic,
  leads to no DNS resolution

Status in cloud-init:
  New
Status in MAAS:
  Triaged
Status in nplan package in Ubuntu:
  New
Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  When deploying Bionic, /etc/resolv.conf is not configured correctly,
  which leads to no DNS resolution. In the output below, you will see
  that netplan config is correctly to the 10.90.90.1 nameserver, but in
  resolv.conf that's a local address.

  Resolv.conf should really be configured to use the provided DNS
  server(s). That said, despite that fact, DNS resolution doesn't work
  with the local address.

  Bionic
  ------

  ubuntu@node01:~$ cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
  # This file is generated from information provided by
  # the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
  # To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
  # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
  # network: {config: disabled}
  network:
      version: 2
      ethernets:
          enp0s25:
              match:
                  macaddress: b8:ae:ed:7d:17:d2
              mtu: 1500
              nameservers:
                  addresses:
                  - 10.90.90.1
                  search:
                  - maaslab
                  - maas
              set-name: enp0s25
      bridges:
          br0:
              addresses:
              - 10.90.90.3/24
              gateway4: 10.90.90.1
              interfaces:
              - enp0s25
              parameters:
                  forward-delay: 15
                  stp: false
  ubuntu@node01:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
  # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
  #
  # 127.0.0.53 is the systemd-resolved stub resolver.
  # run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the actual nameservers.
  nameserver 127.0.0.53

  search maaslab maas
  ubuntu@node01:~$ ping google.com
  ping: google.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

  [...]

  ubuntu@node01:~$ sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf
  ubuntu@node01:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
  # This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
  #
  # 127.0.0.53 is the systemd-resolved stub resolver.
  # run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the actual nameservers.
  nameserver 10.90.90.1

  search maaslab maas
  ubuntu@node01:~$ ping google.com
  PING google.com (172.217.0.174) 56(84) bytes of data.
  64 bytes from mia09s16-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.0.174): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 
time=4.46 ms
  64 bytes from mia09s16-in-f14.1e100.net (172.217.0.174): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 
time=4.38 ms

  =============================
  Xenial
  ==============================

  ubuntu@node05:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg
  # This file is generated from information provided by
  # the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
  # To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
  # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
  # network: {config: disabled}
  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
      dns-nameservers 10.90.90.1
      dns-search maaslab maas

  auto enp0s25
  iface enp0s25 inet static
      address 10.90.90.162/24
      gateway 10.90.90.1
      mtu 1500
  ubuntu@node05:~$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
  # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
  #     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
  nameserver 10.90.90.1
  search maaslab maas

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