On Mon, Oct 28, 2024 at 09:37:27PM +0000, Ben Schwartz wrote:
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>    On ALPNs - Yes, this is something of an open question.  There are some
>    hints about this in draft-ietf-tls-esni, e.g. Section 10.5: "A client that
>    treats this context as sensitive SHOULD NOT send context-specific values
>    in ClientHelloOuter.".
>    I've occasionally wondered if we would define an ECHConfig extension that
>    indicates a recommended "wire image" for the outer ClientHello, to
>    mask differences between clients, but we don't have anything like that
>    yet.
>    Interaction with QUIC version is also a fun question, and goes to the ALPN
>    vs. transport distinction.  This is also as-yet-undetermined, but might
>    involve a new SVCB parameter for supported QUIC versions, and/or perhaps
>    some notion of "compatible" and "incompatible" QUIC versions.
>    On 1/K anonymity - The upshot of this is "large K is better", i.e. "ECH
>    helps more if your service shares hosting with lots of other services
>    whose access patterns are similar.".  But that's a decision that must be
>    weighed against many other factors, from consolidation pressure to
>    infrastructure budget, so it seemed best to just mention the math and let
>    the operator choose as they will.

I agree that there's going to be a tradeoff between larger K's privacy benefit 
and other considerations, but it seems to me that even the framing as "1/K" is 
misleading.
When the sites behind a given fronting service are of differingi popularity, 
the attacker can do better than 1/K at guessing.  If I'm fronting for a site 
that gets 900k hits/day and ten that get 10 hits/day, the attacker can just 
guess that all requests are for the popular site and they'll get the right 
answer 99.9% of the time.  I do see the disclaimer about "idealized deployment" 
at the start of the paragraph but I think we could do more to highlight just 
how idealized this portrayal is.

-Ben

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