Hi Beverly, I think that the hosts.allow and hosts.deny files are both used by tcpd, and if she's not running inetd, then she's probably not running anything with the tcpd wrapper, in which case, whatever remaining services she has won't use those files for keeping out intruders. This is the way I think it works: inetd: looks up all the services in inetd.conf and connects them to their respective ports tcpd: a wrapper for running those services, which reads hosts.allow and hosts.deny to determine whether a client has permissions to connect to that service. tcpd is usually invoked in inetd.conf: telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.telnetd in.telnetd: one of the services that is run, wrapped by tcpd, managed by inetd. So theoretically, one could run those services with the tcpd wrapper directly, which would still give you that nice security layer. But I don't know how to do that. :) I hope I didn't confuse anyone. -- -Alex Yan [EMAIL PROTECTED] _______________________________________________ techtalk mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.linux.org.uk/mailman/listinfo/techtalk