>> There is nothing in the C99 description of mktime (or POSIX either)
>> that specifies which fields [strftime] uses,

Unless it was removed after the very-late-draft I have, there is.  See
my earlier mail in this thread which quoted 7.23.3.5.  This says,
among other things,

                                                                The
       appropriate characters  are  determined  using  the  LC_TIME
       category  of the current locale and by the values of zero or
       more members of the broken-down time structure pointed to by
       timeptr,  as  specified  in brackets in the description.

and most[$] conversion has field names specified, such as

       %B  is replaced by the locale's full month name.  [tm_mon]

[$] A few have neither field names nor brackets, such as %n ("is
replaced by a new-line character").  Personally I would have preferred
to have an empty pair of brackets there, but oh well.

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