The list of emergency centers would be very much dependent on where the threat is and what the nature of the threat is.
Therefore I see these as being loaded (by the relevant authorities) only when a state of emergency is declared and only for the areas affected. These locations would therefore be available (on OSM) online, immediately, and available for download shortly after. Since the areas are relatively small the downloads would not be a big issue. Once the state of emergency is rescinded, the data could be deleted. Since these tags would only be used by the authorities, I believe that they should be unique to them.
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