In years past, a number of systems has issues with intra-sample peaks.  While a 
technical 0 dBFS cleared, the interpolated level between the peaks would cause 
distortion.  From a best practices for broadcast point of view, my colleagues 
and I have just tried to steer clear of any overs, sample-wise or interpolated. 
 We started working to -20 dBFS RMS as a matter of course.  With the general 
move to 24 bit from 16 it's never presented any real issues.

And as it happens, SMPTE has also recommended -20 dBFS as a nominal operation 
level as well!

> On Sep 23, 2013, at 6:03 PM, Andy Furniss <adf.li...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> Ken Landers wrote:
>> While -16.9 might keep you safe, a better option might be -20 dBFS.
>> Gives some headroom in case you need it.  Also, many consumer
>> playback devices may not handle full scale output.
> 
> Interesting, I am not a producer of anything as such, but do see that a
> lot of digital music and some films push 0dBfs (though at least the
> films aren't anywhere near RMS)
> 
> Do you mean that consumer DACs can't handle it properly, or that the
> analogue side doesn't being driven full voltage?
> 
> Andy.
> 
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