operate in ram disk buffers, can be
noticable at high traffic levels
Definantly measure where your latency is happening. It could be that
apache is the problem, but it could also be that you are running into
something else.
how many processes are you seeing that is making you concerned?
David L
ill a
lot of overhead in starting and stopping a apache process (less in the
fork than in all the other setup for starting, but it hurts). just
avoiding the thrashing can gain you quite a bit.
also install the sysstat package and run iostat during heavy load to see
what your disk I/O is looking lik
forking speed that linux has, there is still a lot
>> of overhead in starting and stopping a apache process (less in the fork
>> than in all the other setup for starting, but it hurts). just avoiding the
>> thrashing can gain you quite a bit.
>>
>> also install the syssta
re reliable (eliminating ground loops). this
problem is more likely with longer distances.
If you are setting up High Availability with two switches and different
servers connected into each switch, having a fiber connection between
switches means that no matter what
filtering without overheating anything and without throwing away too much
power is a large part of the reason that good UPS systems are so
expensive.
David Lang
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ey need some other voltages, they invert it and use appropriate
> switching power supplies to get
> the desired voltage.
more precisely, it's -48v from ground that's used in telco environments.
there's a lot of value for those comp
ker is overkill and a waste of
your money, however the ability to do all this other stuff, and control it
from a central point (instead of the sudo configuration across all your
systmes) can make it very nice in high sensitivity environments.
David Lang
On Tue, 30 Nov 2010, Michael C Tie
have little, if any effect on single
disks due to seek times, but are very noticable if you are reading from
something that doesn't have seek times).
so if you have a sophisticated disk subsystem, you almost always want NOOP
David Lang
On Thu, 16 Dec 2010, Ski Kacoroski wrote:
> Hi,
ved by noop, I
think they are (and it's definantly worth testing them)
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e you are best off with noop
as well, the host is going to have it's own scheduler for real disk I/O,
and so all that logic is a waste of time for the guest.
David Lang
> cheers,
>
> ski
>
> On 12/16/2010 11:17 AM, Jonathan Nicol wrote:
>> Agreed, I've done a fair
anyone know of any references for optimum performance configurations?
the scheduler for the real disks should be something like CFQ, if there is
a scheduler for the raid itself, that should be noop
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gt; upstream, and bcache, well, the posts from Overstreet seem to
> indicate that he's working on it and making good headway, but even
> if it does get upstreamed, it'll need to be backported to something
> that supports a Xen Dom0.
I'm not using it, but I am seeing the linu
s reading
a drive, you still get your answer from the other drives at the normal
degraded performance. But if the kernel has problems reading a drive, it
keeps retrying, which can take quite a while, during which time lots of
things just stop.
David Lang
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ntage in both cases, the
application can write in small chunks, do it's fsync and be confident the
data is safe, but thesewrites can then be combined and re-ordered on a
larger time scale by the controller card.
David Lang
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.
if you are running a database with a journal log file, all the writes (and
their associated fsyncs) are likely to be combined.
but random writes to different places on the disk will not be combined,
which is what I think you were referring to.
David Lang
__
that makes a LOT of sense, it avoids the write speed and wear issues, and
is fairly trivial to implement safely (while trying to power the drives
long enough to write to them is not practical)
David LangOn 12/19/10 15:00, Skylar Thompson wrote:
> Dell's PERC H700 and H800 cards supp
ntial writes have much less overhead.
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ure raid10 to keep 3 copies of everything or
not.
remember that these disk arrays are not high performance systems, they are
high capacity and cheap, but not high performance.
David Lang
i think i know how to deploy such a beast, but wanted to check
my understanding, which is that mdadm i
ge the number to a maximum
> of the number of devices in the array. So, --layout=n3 would get you three
> copies, etc.
I knowthat I've seen some posts on linux-kernel about problems with
multiple copies in raid 1. I don't remember details, but that would
ng to have configs (firewalls, routers, applications) checked into
a VCS (probably git) on a regular basis.
I then need to display the changes that happen in a given time period and
have a person review the changes and the change management tickets and
sign off that this set of changes correspo
ow it's something in the network (probably a
firewall)
if it doesn't work from another machine on the same network, it's not a
route issue. At that point it would probably be a firewall type issue on
the receiving server (I say firewall type issue as it could be iptables
rule
On Wed, 12 Jan 2011, John BORIS wrote:
> David,
> When I changed the port I left the IP the same. So I lean toward the
> Firewall.acl/iptables issue. One thing I can't check and have to depend
> on the upstream folks.
if you have other servers on the same network, you can check
you keep using a vendor long enough, you will run into problems with
them. I have one model where after several years, the power supplies are
starting to die regularly, but as a point of comparison, about 3 years ago
we had a similar problem with the RS6000 IBM machines (and you cann
in postfix you can set the mynetworks variable to include any internal
systems that you want to be able to have send out messages without them
going through the spam checks.
David Lang
On Tue, 18 Jan 2011, Ski Kacoroski wrote:
> Date: Tue, 18 Jan 2011 17:19:35 -0800
> From: Ski Kac
y you can't do this, you need to scan the box
(nmap or similar) to try and make sure that there aren't any ports
listening that you don't expect.
but you really should plan on rebuilding the box as soon as you possibly
can, ideally before putting it back online.
David Lang
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tion period) is also very
expensive. I wouldn't willingly eliminate the capabilities that it gives
me, but I also do not want to eat up that cluster's capacity with things
that are better done elsewhere.
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do a solid
job with SELinux (and for a case like this, you really need a solid job,
just useing a distro default is not likely to be tight enough to help
against this specific threat)
David Lang
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orders of magnatude faster
(many millions of seeks/sec).
If you are doing a summary report of data that shows up a lot, then you
can get into a mode where you are not seek limited, but are instead
retreiving lots of data and uncompressing it, you can become cpu limited,
but even there you will c
re hours dealing with audit paperwork,
discussins, legal folks, etc than you will spend doing anything technical
(including designing and implementing all the security measures involved)
this same individual can also make decisions that will make you question
their sanity about how lax things c
But it does mean that
> in6addr_any is not a suitable default in the way that INADDR_ANY was and
> so there's a little more code than there used to be.
and how exactly is this software supposed to know which address to pick?
remember that an 'internal' network may have more tha
ain, then you can use swap space without slowing
down very much (you swap pages out but never swap them back in). I haven't
personally seen this case, but it is possible.
I never set swap >2g on my servers, and that's probably overkill.
David Lang_
are that's out there either doesn't do
the checks, of just crashes the app if the allocation fails. In this case
are you really better off?
David Lang
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reason
_not_ to use a 64 bit kernel?
avoiding the entire 'lowmem' issue is just one of the benifits, having
registers twice as big and twice as many of them can make a significant
difference to the kernel.
David Lang
On Wed, 20 Apr 2011, apostolos pantazis wrote:
I can tell you m
ght from the start even if you're using Greenfield.
I agree with the importance of doing the job right. I just question if
what tests someone has taken (and note that this is not neccessarily the
tech assigned to your work) really is the deciding factor.
David Lang_
on when it finishes getting the file to do anything else.
this won't work for run-of-the-mill ad-hoc sysadmin work, but it will work
for process automation work.
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n the far side after the file has
completed?
how can rsync change the permissions on the far side? (it can make the
permissions match the sending side, but so can scp -p)
David Lang
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David Lang
On Mon, 13 Jun 2011, Michael C Tiernan wrote:
&
then print to a file, on linux it should be
the default if you print to a file) you can run the file through ps2pdf on
a linux system to produce a .pdf file
this won't have the bells and whistles that the other approaches have, but
it's simple and doesn't require downloading extra
ves (or if you don't
properly wipe the drives when you dispose of them)
really, the only thing that this solves is the audit checkbox labeled
'database encryption'
David Lang
On Wed, 24 Aug 2011, Singer X.J. Wang wrote:
Is it snake oil or is it not the solution for your
l value of this is in
satisfying auditors, not in real security.
David Lang
On Wed, Aug 24, 2011 at 23:44, wrote:
it only protects against the machine being stolen if the decryption key is
not also stored on the machine. This would mean that there needs to be a
manual step (either to ente
enter the key on
startup.
David Lang
I've downloaded the
docs will grab a read through tonight sometime probably and see what kind of
a beast we're really dealing with.
Paul
On 8/24/2011 5:48 PM, Singer X.J. Wang wrote:
How often do you reboot your database servers?
It also
s that stealing the
DB server (or it's disk) s no longer enough, you also need to steal (or
otherwise get access to) the keyserver, and the kyserver can be locked
down with FIPS 140 type protections
David Lang
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work. this will find
the problem after the fact, but since the data needs to be stolen as well
as the key, you may catch someone tho got the key before they get the
data)
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the linksys 3700 has two ports on the main processor, but one of those
ports is connected to a 4-port switch that is able to do vlans so you
could partition it up and use all 5 ports independantly. It does have both
2.4 and 5G wireless, but you can turn those off.
David Lang
On Fri, 16 Sep
tting those writes to flash if
the power fails.
David Lang
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On Fri, 16 Sep 2011, Liyun Yu wrote:
Thanks David, it is good to know this.
One of our team members suggested that the SSD also tend to be
wear out every 12-16 months. I was puzzled by that statement since
I never know if the RAM or other chip-based memory device would be
wear out
at.net/projects/cerowrt
David Lang
On Fri, 16 Sep 2011, Rick Thomas wrote:
Hi David,
That's interesting and helpful. Do you have a URL for technical details on the
3700?
I'm not familiar with vlans (I know what they are and I've read the IEEE specs
on how they are imp
On Thu, 20 Oct 2011, Luke S. Crawford wrote:
On Thu, Oct 20, 2011 at 04:52:57PM -0400, Doug Hughes wrote:
On Thu, Oct 20, 2011 at 3:08 PM, David Bronder wrote:
Luke S. Crawford wrote:
I've been mounting switches backwards forever; I mean, the ports are on
the back of the servers,
than I was paying for the annual maintinance of the Symark
appliances.
David Lang
On Tue, 1 Nov 2011, Mathew Snyder wrote:
Date: Tue, 1 Nov 2011 22:10:34 -0400
From: Mathew Snyder
To: Edward Ned Harvey
Cc: LOPSA Tech
Subject: Re: [lopsa-tech] Password management
"One use" is pro
he discussions
in a central place.
I don't like the idea of a separate -lisa or -conference list, and the
idea of having a list and then wiping it's archives afterwords just
doeesn't make sense, you can't wipe all records of the messages, so what
is it you are hoping to gain
look at tcpreplay.
David Lang
On Wed, 7 Dec 2011, Matt Lawrence wrote:
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 14:33:27 -0600 (CST)
From: Matt Lawrence
To: t...@lopsa.org
Subject: [lopsa-tech] Throttleable network traffic generation
I need to test a patch for a 10Gb interface on AIX, so I need to be able to
eally shouldn't matter because the system should just migrate other
virtual machines instead.
David Lang
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nk this sort of thing is your best bet.
David Lang
On Fri, 30 Dec
2011, Matt Simmons wrote:
This guy on ServerFault recommends it, too -
http://serverfault.com/a/27514/4392
I think it's going to boil down to practice. Work on doing it to something
that doesn't hate being unplug
han software raid for
crashes and other things that don't cause the entire system to loose power
because the card will complete the writes to the drives even if the main
OS halts.
David LangOn Mon, Jan 02, 2012 at 09:12:44AM -0500, Edward Ned Harvey spake thusly:
> If it's in BIOS,
ernel?
hardware raid makes the mirror look like a single drive to the BIOS and so
even if one drive is dead, the BIOS will still find a drive to boot from.
David LangOn Mon, Jan 02, 2012 at 10:27:50PM -0500, Brandon Allbery spake thusly:
> The hardware/software distinction, in practicality, is &quo
space and the kernel will use both partitions, spreading
the I/O load across two drives.
the downside is that if one drive dies, your system will crash as you have
lost some of the contents for swap.
besides, you really shouldn't be using swap in the first place, right ;-)
re the
issue. If the attacker has control of this machine they can use it to
attack others (both within your network and outside of it).
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This
t are documented for blockdiag will work with all
the other tools.
David Lang
On Wed, 18 Jan 2012, Aleksey Tsalolikhin wrote:
The attributes you can set on nodes and edges are documented here:
http://blockdiag.com/en/blockdiag/examples.html
On Wed, Jan 18, 2012 at 2:43 AM, Mark Eisenblaetter
s from the higher voltage are not going to be large enough to
read on the metter). It's not a big difference on an individual server
basis.
David Lang
I mean, this is at data centers that can handle north of 10Kw of load
per rack. It just seems weird to me that I should get 5 20a 120v
its are solidly
208v.
I think it's the phase difference.
I wasn't saying that resistance was causing the voltage drop, I was
explaining why 208v is better to use than 120v
David Lang
but if your equipment will run at 208v, you are best off using that
voltage. If you put a meter o
the power supply in the PC to convert back to
various DC levels to use inside the machine.
While AC->DC converters are ~90% efficient, DC -> AC inverters are less
so, topping out around 70-80% efficiency.
It seems like it should be possible to do a lot bet
.
but in your case, I agree with others here, it sounds like your
application is sending small packets.
David Lang
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very well.
If you use a automotive battery, be careful about venting the hydrogen
to the outside properly, go with a gel-cell or similar and you won't have
this problem. you can probably get away with one of those 'battery minder'
maintiners to keep the battery topped off.
David L
om a central master
(even if they are manually edited on that central master)
5. then work to eliminate the manual editing.
David Lang
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hardware migration.
If you know you wnt to automate a bigger cluster later, take the time in
development with your small cluster to learn the tool and work through the
configuration.
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packages, store them locally, and
install just the version that you want.
This can be via some tool like puppet/chef/cfengine, or you can run your
own repositories locally (one each for dev/qa/prod) with some sort of
process to graduate packages from one repository to the next as testing
com
of that package and everything else. I try to work at
a much more granular level where a server seldom has as many as a half
dozen 'app bundles' on them and each app bundle may install a bunch of
packages. If you need systems to do a lot of different th
wayside a LOT of the time.
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of "deny everything,
unless it's explicity allowed". Just the confirmation of the mindset can
be important when new people come on board.
David Lang
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central administration tool, but (at least when I
last looked at it), it's not really designed for that use.
David Lang
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e-and-forget patch management system,
complete with all the nice reporting stuff that audit types like.
David Lang
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I also seem to remember seeing a paper at either LISA or annual tech
within the last year or so on centrally managing Mac systems.
David Lang
On Fri, 6 Apr 2012, Gilbert Wilson wrote:
Before going down the path of purchasing third party solutions to
manage your systems and/or firewalling
in LILO or GRUB)
David Lang
On Thu, 12 Apr 2012, Justin Ellison wrote:
Using /proc/mounts is a little better for machine readability rather than
parsing the output of 'mount'.
The only way I can think of to identify the actual root device (from the
kernel perspective) is by interrogatin
nd /usr should be enough to
differentiate it from other filesystems that also contain bin and lib
directories.
This will work in the simple cases, but it may find more than one
qualifying device.
David Lang
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wer access points, not the right
direction to be going nowdays.
David Lang
On Wed, 18 Apr 2012, unix_fan wrote:
Date: Wed, 18 Apr 2012 23:25:16 -0700 (PDT)
From: unix_fan
To: Andrew Hume ,
LOPSA Technical Discussions
Subject: Re: [lopsa-tech] home wifi
I swear by dd-wrt firmware on a C
doesn't do 5GHz
At Scale this year we had about 1/4 of the users on 5GHz
David Lang
On Thu, 19 Apr 2012, Lawrence K. Chen, P.Eng. wrote:
I don't have any Android devices with 5Ghz only my two Linux laptops.
Otherwise, its WiFi Analyzer that I use to see what the 2.4Ghz networks
/usr/bin/time will provide a lot of stats, take a look and see how close
it comes to what you want.
David Lang
On Tue, 19 Jun 2012, Christopher R Webber wrote:
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2012 05:34:14 -0700
From: Christopher R Webber
To: tech@lists.lopsa.org
Subject: [lopsa-tech] Job/Process
fter the run is
completed (in which case anything looking in proc is going to miss some
info)
David Lang
On Tue, 19 Jun 2012, Andrew Hume wrote:
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2012 11:02:15 -0700
From: Andrew Hume
To: da...@lang.hm
Cc: Christopher R Webber , tech@lists.lopsa.org
Subject: Re: [lopsa-te
/O cards.
opening it O_DIRECT may work to bypass the caches in linux, but you are
getting into tricky areas here. I'd suggest trying O_DIRECT, but you may
need to ask some kernel experts if this is enough.
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any case, take a look at the code for GFS, it does what you are trying
to do, but since it's in the kernel, it may be bypassing some layers that
you will have trouble bypassing with a completely userspace solution.
David Lang
On Wed, 18 Jul 2012, Andrew Hume wrote:
point taken.
due to
a perfect example of a big
gaping hole that doesn't make sense. Either both should be blocked, or you
should be able to open up the network as well.
David Lang
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doing is what a bad guy
would do to bypass your network access policies.
David Lang
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ument.
Yeah, I've had to deal with veritas before, what they want to do at the
network layer is extremely ugly.
David Lang
and having two systems share a drive allows certain attacks between those two
systems for sure, but those are of a different nature than island-hopping
networki
n let you get at
it remotely to try and fix.
David Lang
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iness" to the large side.
besides, I'm told that everyone uses Journaled File Systems nowdays, and
they don't need fsck, right :-)
David Lang
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tions" of apple?
Given the high publicity that his case has recieved, I would expect that
many of the online providers are trying to be less forgiving and flexible
right now to try and keep the next set of headlines from being about them.
David Lang
ame,
etc) due to the ease of searching for what was at one point obscure data
about you.
Encouraging more use of such tactics is not a smart security move.
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The system now has 23GB in swap and 20GB of free memory to use for
something else.
The system is not going to take the time to pull the data back in from
swap unless some application needs it.
David Lang
On Mon, 27 Aug 2012, Andrew Hume wrote:
err, that is the whole point.
SwapTotal
u not only will miss the right solution at some point, you will also
fall into the trap of thinking that other rules must never be broken that
are actually far less rigid.
David Lang
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m having both primary and backup on the same
physical host.
It's more work to setup, but there's less "magic" involved that can cause
subtle breakage on you.
David Lang
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is may be acceptable, or it may not.
It sure is a nice idea to not have to think about HA because the
virtualization handles it for you, but you need to not drink the kool-aid
and believe that this can guarantee seamless failover.
David Lang
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hat situation the worst case
would have been having the root password changed to something that nothing
and nobody knows, resulting in an unmaintainable system. In that case the
cost was not acceptable (especially since competing systems did real
clustering and were not depen
On Fri, 7 Sep 2012, Michael Ryder wrote:
David, I don't dispute your information, but I'm curious -- are these
your actual experiences with VMware FT? Have you seen vLockstep fail
in any way?
no, this is not experience, this is reasoning through the technology
limitations. It tak
is a REALLY good idea.
If you look around at places that support home construction (especially in
the subspecialty of asbestos abatement) you will find that there is an
entire mini-industry that deals with this, including filtration fo the
air, positive preasu
d tolorate some
files getting copied but not others as a worst case, rsync will prevent
you from having a partially copied file.
With failover like heartbeat (http://linuxha.org) you can have it perform
any checks that you want at startup time, it's just a frame
27;t really
happy with it. If you want to do things the way DD-WRT decided makes
sense, it's easy to do things. If you want to do anything a little
different it's rather hard.
OpwnWRT by comparison is like a linux distro, they set things up by
default, but if you want
will be affected are then ones who are online at the
time you change the server.
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Since this is a small shop, you probably have enough IP addresses that you
can have the new DHCP server issue different addresses than the old ones,
at which point you don't really care if some boxes get stuck on the old
ones for a while.
David Lang
On Mon, 15 Oct 2012, David Parter
that is under a huge load of short-lived
connections.
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r all packets, no matter what iptables rules you
have in place.
It may be that in some configurations the kernel module doesn't get loaded
in some cases, but you would really want to check that.
David Lang
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