he right term here, but the
beginning of the documentation for Pathlib does sort of define what it
means here:
Path classes are divided between pure paths
<https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#pure-paths>, which
provide purely computational operations without I/O, and concrete paths
<https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html#concrete-paths>, which
inherit from pure paths but also provide I/O operations.
So for Pathlib, Concrete means that it provides access to I/O operations
and thus can only handle paths of the flavor of the OS the program is
running on.
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UCS-4) at input (if
needed) and process in that domain. You do need to be prepared to run
into files which are encoded in some locally defined 8-bit code page. In
Python3, strings are unicode encoded, and you don't need to worry about
the details of which encoding is used internally, Python will deal with
that itself.
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Richard Damon
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on format for
floating point).
Scientific notation vs fixed point notation is purely an OUTPUT
configuration, not a function on how the number is stored (so in one
sense IS more closely linked to a string than the float itself).
--
Richard Damon
--
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print(x)
>> 4.449e-05
>>
>> hth
>> Gys
> Hello,
>
> I don't only need a human readable representation of number, I need to use it
> further, do things such as putting it in a pandas object and saving it to an
> excel file.
>
> Doing thi
On 10/18/19 9:03 AM, doganad...@gmail.com wrote:
> On Friday, October 18, 2019 at 2:21:34 PM UTC+3, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 10/18/19 4:35 AM, doganad...@gmail.com wrote:
>>> Here is my question:
>>>
>>>
>>> I am using the numpy.std formula to calcul
On 10/18/19 9:45 AM, doganad...@gmail.com wrote:
> On Friday, October 18, 2019 at 4:17:51 PM UTC+3, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 10/18/19 9:03 AM, doganad...@gmail.com wrote:
>>> On Friday, October 18, 2019 at 2:21:34 PM UTC+3, Richard Damon wrote:
>>>> On 10/18/19
#x27;t
> find document about it also:-(
>
> --Jach
The simple answer is that the attribute lookup happens at run time, not
compile time (unlike some other languages). Thus attributes/member
functions can be added by sub-classes, or even just to that instance at
run time an
mber takes more space to represent than the exponential. 1.2E-05 takes
7 characters, 0.15 takes 8 so the exponential is shorter.
As an aside, I would be very leery of numbers like 0.1 or 1e-05 as
they only show 1 significant digit, so unless I have good reason to
believe that they are exact numbers, I would have concern of them being
very imprecise, and possibly just noise.
--
Richard Damon
--
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mmunication between themselves, and you would need to manually add
what ever communication was needed.
A second option is to create a second thread, and do one if the imports
in that thread, and one in the main thread. This is likely the closest
to the stated goal, but likely, due to the GIL,
On Nov 14, 2019, at 12:18 PM, R.Wieser wrote:
>
> Rhodri,
>
>> MyVar is a global here, so nonlocal explicitly doesn't pick it up.
>
> I do not agree with you there (the variable being global). If it where than
> I would have been able to alter the variable inside the procedure without
> ha
>
> On Nov 14, 2019, at 12:20 PM, R.Wieser wrote:
>
> MRAB,
>
>> 'nonlocal' is used where the function is nested in another function
>
> The problem is that that was not clear to me from the description - nor is
> it logical to me why it exludes the main context from its use.
>
> Regards,
>
> On Nov 14, 2019, at 12:56 PM, R.Wieser wrote:
>
> Jan,
>
>> So what you want to do is dynamic scope?
>
> No, not really.I was looking for method to let one procedure share a
> variable with its caller - or callers, selectable by me. And as a "by
> reference" argument does not seem t
str = gstr + " Seen"
# This function include a binding to gstr, so it is only looked for
locally,
#so this use will create an error that it can't find gstr,
# even though it was defined in the global name space
def getserror():
str = gstr + " Error"
gstr = str
# This works because of the global statement, and updates the global
def workingglobal():
global gstr
str = gstr + " Error"
gstr = str
--
Richard Damon
--
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tion was looking for?
> Handle it the same as any other mistake, and throw an error ?
>
> Regards,
> Rudy Wieser
>
>
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to a different model, and I think it helps to
accept that it is different rather than trying to keep trying to
translate how Python does things into how some other language does it,
as the latter make you focus on the things it can't do, not the things
it can.
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--
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On 11/15/19 11:04 AM, Random832 wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 15, 2019, at 10:48, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 11/15/19 6:56 AM, R.Wieser wrote:
>>> There are quite a number of languages where /every/ type of argument
>>> (including values) can be transfered "by referenc
return
then elsewhere you could do
foo(j)
and after that j is 2
you also could do
foo(1)
and after that if you did
j = 1
then now j might have the value 2 as the constant 1 was changed to the
value 2 (this can cause great confusion)
later I believe they added the ability to specify by value
On 11/15/19 12:21 PM, Random832 wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 15, 2019, at 11:47, Richard Damon wrote:
>> The issue with calling it a Reference, is that part of the meaning of a
>> Reference is that it refers to a Object, and in Python, Names are
>> conceptually something very much dif
ces, but that assignment, rather than being applied to the
referred to object, re-seat the reference to point to the new object. As
such, you can't get a reference to the name, to let one name re-seat
where another name refers to.
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Look at our code, and what controls the order you data is output. Change
it so that the data is processed in the order you want the output.
--
Richard Damon
--
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On Nov 19, 2019, at 10:56 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>
> On Wed, Nov 20, 2019 at 2:46 AM wrote:
>>
>> Dne úterý 19. listopadu 2019 13:33:53 UTC+1 Richard Damon napsal(a):
>>>> On 11/19/19 6:47 AM, jezka...@gmail.com wrote:
>>>>> Hi, I have go
something fundamentally different than a
box to hold a value. If you show names as boxes with arrows in them,
someone is going to ask how to get one name point to another name (re
the discussion about is it call by value or call by reference)
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Richard Damon
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a weighted average or weighted
standard deviation, I don't know scipy to know if it has something like
that built in. A quick scan shows that numpy.average allows a weighting
array to be provided, so it shouldn't be hard to look at the code for
sci[y.norm.fit and convert it to use weighted averages.
--
Richard Damon
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ely
using, as when objects go away there memory is returned to the free pool
INSIDE Python, to be used for other requests before asking the OS for more.
--
Richard Damon
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ubles as some packages become incompatible because one needs a
version greater than x, while another needs a version less than x.
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Richard Damon
--
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On Dec 2, 2019, at 12:32 PM, Chris Clark wrote:
>
> Test case:
>
> import array
> array.array('L', [0])
> # x.itemsize == 8 rather than 4
>
> This works fine (returns 4) under Windows Python 3.7.3 64-bit build.
>
> Under Ubuntu; Python 2.7.15rc1, 3.6.5, 3.70b3 64
types. Welcome to the ambiguity in the C type system, the basic
types are NOT fixed in size. L means 'Long' and as Christian said, that
is 8 byte long on Linux-64 bit. 'L' is exactly the right type for
interfacing with a routine defined as taking a long. The issue is that
you don
f
codepoints, the o and U+0301 (the accent).
If you want to make the strings compare equal then you need to make sure
that you have normalized both strings the same way. I beleive that the
Mac OS always converts file names into the NFD format when it uses them
(that is what the first (a) string is in)
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uld of course use something like a while loop to build this, but
in my mind that is just making things less clear.
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--
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ical on some systems
using fixed length lines, so allowing a constant to be built on multiple
lines was useful.
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Richard Damon
--
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Can you elaborate on why you expect this? You've declared one of them
to have a single mandatory argument, and the other a single optional
argument. This corresponds to what I'm seeing.
ChrisA
So the square bracket means optional, not list? My misunderstanding:-(
--Jach
Yes, the norm
ule b needs resources from module a,
it needs to import module a before it can use them. If module a also
needs resources from module b, and imports it, then stuff from b might
not be available while doing the running of module a that is defining
the items in a.
--
Richard Damon
--
https:/
p.mutate() can change the value of the shared object, but there is no
way to make v refer to some new object.
The key distinction is that in Python, names are NOT objects, they only
bind to objects, and thus names can't refer to some other name to let us
rebind them remotely.
--
Richa
mes (for starting values of count = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8
Think about what you wanted to do and what the code actually did.
The first for x in range (0, 10) doesn't really do what I think you
wanted, did you mean for the second loop to be nested in it?
If you do nest the seco
while loop, which would add x
'x's to the string.
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;t solve his problem, as his expected was lines
of 1 to 10 stars, not 0 to 9.
Second, this smells a bit like homework, and if they haven't learned the
results of string times integer, then using that operation wouldn't be
in their tool kit, so having a loop to build that operator makes sense.
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Richard Damon
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be to take some byte value, (like FF) and where
ever it occurs in the compressed data, replace it with a doubled value
FF FF, and then add a single FF to the end.
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Richard Damon
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function,
which uses some of the 'value' of the object, then presumably you intend
for objects where that 'value' matches to be equal, which won't happen
with the default __eq__.
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Richard Damon
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if the code was going to iterate through the success anyway, then
there isn't as much of a cost to detect the errors that occured.
--
Richard Damon
--
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On 3/7/20 12:52 PM, Ben Bacarisse wrote:
> moi writes:
>
>> Le samedi 7 mars 2020 16:41:10 UTC+1, R.Wieser a écrit :
>>> Moi,
>>>
Fortunately, UTF-8 has not been created the Python devs.
>>>
>>> And there we go again, making vague statements/accusations - without
>>> /anything/ to back it u
tive path, so the path is
relative to the SERVER, not the current page, so it would be
superhost.gr/mailform
The other format goes through a function which might re-interpret the
path and either make it page relative or add in the path of the current
page to get to /test/mailform
--
Ri
ce between words through the line. The varying spaces between words can
be a bit annoying, but it was done. My thought is that variable width fonts
tend to put more characters per inch. and with wider screens we are no longer
trying as hard to keep to less than 80 characters per line (or
> --
> Grant
>
>
>
Back in the day it was FREQUENTLY done, in part to show off, anyone
could type with a typewriter and get jagged right margins, but with a
computer you could get justified margins with uneven internal spacing!!
Status!
--
Richard Damon
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it is more important if the object quacks like a duck then if it
technically IS a duck. (And strangely, I believe you can have something
that technically is a duck, but doesn't quack like one, as well as
something totally unrelated to the duck type but quacks just like one).
Files are such an animal, 'fileness' is not based on type, but on
capability.
--
Richard Damon
--
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ith reducing
precision. With Binary floating point, you only have denormals near
underflow.
Now Decimal Floating point doesn't have this implied leading 1, but can
have denormals at almost all of the ranges.
--
Richard Damon
--
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oint number has
only 1 significant digit (leading 0's are NOT significant), so the
second smallest floating point number is twice that number. The key is
that once you hit the denormals, you no longer have a relative accuracy
like in the normal numbers, but all the denormals have the same absolute
a
rs.
>
> grep '\bsnake_case\b *.py
>
> Barry
>
I think the issue is that you can easy search for all 'snake_case' and
get them, but you have more difficulty searching for all 'camelCase',
needing to go case insensitive, but if leading case matters (like there
a
veloctiy = solve(flowrate_fun, flowrate)
i.e. you pass a function and it finds what input make the function have
a give value.
--
Richard Damon
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ou should be checking for equality (==) not identity (is)
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Richard Damon
--
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al structure of the
Data Structure, and seeing the explicit pointers can be helpful here.
Python may be better for the Algorithms side, where hiding some of the
gritty detail can be more useful, though that hiding might obscure some
details if you want to think about what is the complexity of an
ng to a polynomial is
that you can get a closed form set of equations to solve to find the
'optimal' values.
The primary effect of transforming the data before doing the fit is the
error is now defined in terms of the difference of the transformed
values, not the original values. In many cases, this is actually a
reasonable way to define your error, so it works.
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Richard Damon
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that you may want to trim them out when
possible.
I would likely just build the formatter to start by assuming 6 week
months, and then near the end, after stacking the side by side months,
see if it can be trimmed out (easier to remove at the end then add if
needed)
--
Richard Damon
27;Academic' calendars that might start in July or August
and go to maybe the following September
--
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iar with what you are doing.
The second method would be to write a program to do this. Maybe use the
'canned' routine as a base for the program, but accept that your actual
desired output is unusual enough it won't be something you can get with
a single call. Maybe accept you can't get exactly what you want, so be
willing to accept something close. Maybe the chart goes from January of
your start year to December of the final year if the library likes doing
a full year at a time.
--
Richard Damon
--
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s
that requirement. To find that element in the dictionary, you would need
to build a tuple using that exact same me object, you couldn't create
another object, and set it to the same 'value', as they won't compare equal.
--
Richard Damon
--
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>): 23}
>>>>> hash(h)
>> 2
>>>>> hash(list(d.keys())[0])
>> -3550055125485641917
>>>>> h.a=33
>>>>> hash(list(d.keys())[0])
>> -3656087029879219665
>>>>>
> so the dict itself doesn't enforce immutability of its keys
Yes, here you have defined a hash that violates the requirements of the
Dictionary (and most things that use hashes) so your class is broken,
and you can expect to get strangeness out of your dictionary.
> --
> Robin Becker
>
--
Richard Damon
--
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ce you are not using an iterator of the list, changing it shouldn't
cause any problems. You loop (for its control) looks at the loop once,
before it starts, so as long as you don't delete any elements (which
would cause the index to go to high) you can't have an issue mutating
the li
at
least to the tuple, immutable, as the only part of it that matters is
the value of id() which WILL be unchanging.
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Richard Damon
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e of statement, so = can't
be misused in an expression thinking it means an equality test (and then
added recently the := operator, so that for the cases you actually want
to do assignments in the middle of an expression you can).
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Richard Damon
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n alleviate some of the issues
(at other costs).
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Richard Damon
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nal are all
available for free and the last published draft standard is almost
always virtually identical to the final released standard, so most
people will just use those. People who really need the official versions
can pay the price for it, and for them, that price isn't that high to
them). I
ng basically the
iterative solution, so that the recursive call to fir(0, ...) doesn't
actually calculate the fib(0) value, but fib(n).
Yes, this shows that you can convert an iterative solution into a
recursive solution with a bit of hand waving, but you still end up with
a program based on th
On 8/7/20 3:54 PM, Marco Sulla wrote:
> On Fri, 7 Aug 2020 at 19:48, Richard Damon wrote:
>> The difference is that the two languages define 'expression' differently.
>> [...]
> I don't know if this is interesting or pertinent to the topic.
>
> Christian Se
On 8/7/20 6:55 PM, Marco Sulla wrote:
> On Sat, 8 Aug 2020 at 00:28, Richard Damon wrote:
>> The really interesting part is that since Lisp programs manipulate lists
>> as data, and the program is just a list, Lisp programs have the
>> theoretical ability to edit the
#x27;Cc'] = ', '.join(CC_Address)
> msg['Subject'] = Subject_Email
>
> message = MIMEText(html,'html')
> msg.attach(message)
> mail.sendmail(From_Address, (To_Address + CC_Address), msg.as_string())
> [/python]
>
> In this case the variable Name is Tom and i want to include Tom in the email.
>
> Can anyone help?
>
> Still a newbie; approx 3 weeks playing with Python (cut and past most of this
> code)
>
> Any help will be greatly appericated.
>
> Thank you.
--
Richard Damon
--
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ld i include this variable in my HTML/Python code?
>
> Any ideas?
>
> Thank you.
Since you are already using .format to insert the message body, you
might as well do something similar to insert the name, adding more
placeholders for the format to insert into.
--
Richard Damon
--
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ted differently to get them
into clean html.
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Richard Damon
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On 8/9/20 6:22 PM, sammy.jackson...@gmail.com wrote:
> On Sunday, August 9, 2020 at 1:32:30 AM UTC+1, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 8/8/20 8:03 PM, sammy.jackson...@gmail.com wrote:
>>> If i use place holders i.e. {0} and {1} where {0} is the name and {1} is
>>> the dataf
A few comments come to mind about this discussion about TCO.
First, TCO, Tail Call Optimization, is talking about something that is
an optimization.
Optimizations, are generally some OPTIONAL improvement in the method of
executing the code that doesn't alter its DEFINED meaning.
First big point,
asking how would it feel to be that 'slave node', maybe even
needing to wait for your 'master' to ask before you went to the
bathroom, or be considered to be 'malfunctioning'.
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Richard Damon
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er power, it has no
authority, except might, to enforce it. If we accept might as the right
and power to rule, we need to accept that it was and will be the right
and power, and accept what it brought and will bring.
--
Richard Damon
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ou get the expected value) or
slightly lower (where you would get the top 'excluded' value listed).
This sort of unpredictability is part of the difficulty dealing with
floating point.
As was pointed out, you can scale the range, or build your own generator
to get what you want.
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Richard Damon
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Since the typical use of hash will be followed by a real equality test
if the hashes match, we don't need the level of a UUID
--
Richard Damon
--
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sh(y) were random numbers, then how would this property be maintained?
>
> Or do UUID4 mean something else to you than a random number?
Looking up which UUID type 4 is, yes it is a random number, so could
only be applicable for objects that currently return id(), which could
instead make id
of this, the Python 3 str type is not suitable to store an email
message, since it insists on the string being Unicode encoded, but the
Python 2 str class could hold it.
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Richard Damon
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;
>> Are we saying that Python 3 really can't be made to handle things
>> 'tolerantly' like Python 2 used to?
> It sure should be possible but it will require *explicit* en/decode()s in
> more places than before because AFAICT there's less impliciteness as to
&
x27; does make sure that the program is handling
all the text 'properly', and would be helpful if some of the patterns
being checked for contained 'extended' (non-ASCII) characters.
One possible solution in Python3 is to decode the byte string using an
encoding that allows all 25
On 8/28/20 8:39 AM, Chris Green wrote:
> Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 8/28/20 7:50 AM, Karsten Hilbert wrote:
>>>>> No interpreation requires, since parsing failed. Then you can start
>>>>> dealing with these exceptions. _Do not_ write unparsable messages
I want Python 3's mailbox class to juyst put what I tell it (even if
> mis-formatted or mis-encoded) into the mbox.
>
It looks like the mailbox class has gotten 'pickier' in Python 3, and
won't accept a message as a byte string, just as either a email message
or a real string. My guess would be that 'simplest' path would be to
convert your message into a parsed Message class, and add that.
--
Richard Damon
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: ordinal not in range(128)
>
> Any message with other than ASCII in it is going to have bytes >128
> unless it's encoded some way to make it 7-bit and that's not going to
> happen in the general case.
>
When I took a quick look at the mailbox class, it said it could take a
'string', or a 'message'. It may well be that the string option assumes
ASCII. You may need to use the message parsing options of message to
convert messages with extended characters into the right format. This is
one of the cases where Python 2's non-strictness made things easier, but
also much easier to get wrong if not careful. Python 3 is basically
making you do more work to make sure you are doing it right.
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Richard Damon
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om:" depending on which mailbox format is being used. There may be
a few other small details that needs to happen to.
--
Richard Damon
--
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explicit with the reference of implicit via the current
working directory. That can define what is the parent. Yes, that says
that two references to the 'same' directory (same as in same inode, but
different paths) will find a different value for .. in it. So the
definition of .. can be well defined, even in the presence of multiple
parent directories.
--
Richard Damon
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On 8/31/20 9:00 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 31, 2020 at 9:57 PM Richard Damon
> wrote:
>> On 8/31/20 3:35 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>> On Mon, Aug 31, 2020 at 5:28 PM Cameron Simpson wrote:
>>>>> Because of the ".." issue, it'
; Barry
>
This is based on a hypothetical OS that allows creating hard-links to
directories, just like to files. Because current *nix system don't do it
this way, they don't allow hard-links to directories because it does
cause this sort of issue.
--
Richard Damon
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On 8/31/20 12:49 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 1, 2020 at 2:40 AM Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 8/31/20 9:00 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>> That's incompatible with the normal meaning of "..", and it also
>>> implies that any time you rename any
On 8/31/20 6:05 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 1, 2020 at 5:08 AM Richard Damon wrote:
>> The file descriptor could remember the path used to get to it. chroot
>> shows that .. needs to be somewhat special, as it needs to go away for
>> anyone that . is their current
On 9/1/20 9:03 AM, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 1, 2020 at 10:57 PM Richard Damon
> wrote:
>> On 8/31/20 6:05 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>> On Tue, Sep 1, 2020 at 5:08 AM Richard Damon
>>> wrote:
>>>> The file descriptor could remember the path
arted as _list[2], and with your code, when he gets
half way done he will hit an index error as he tries to delete _list[26]
from a list with only 25 elements.
--
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Jovial Lian
>
Sounds like you keep re-running the installer rather than the installed
version of python.
--
Richard Damon
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Parenthesis don't always make a tuple (and in fact aren't needed to make
them)
('first') is just the string value 'first', inside a set of parenthesis
to possible affect order of operations.
For 1 element tuples, you need a trailing comma, like ('first,) and in
many places it also could be just 'first',
just like your first example could be just for n in 'first', 'second':
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Richard Damon
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s, functions and classes have a scope, control structures do not. If
control structures created a scope it would be ugly.
You do need to watch out about the difference between classical
'variables' and pythons name binding when you deal with mutable objects;
For example:
a = []
b = a
a.append(1)
print(b)
give [1] as a and b are bound to the same object, even though you want
to think of them as different variables.
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Richard Damon
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On 10/8/20 7:31 PM, Elliott Roper wrote:
> First problem: I can no longer say
> Obfuscated@MyMac ~ % python3 pip -m list
isn't that supposed to be python3 -m pip list
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Richard Damon
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;t see much need for:
import MODULE
from MODULE import *
as if you are bringing in ALL the names into the current module name
space, when will you need to use the module.symbol notation?
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Richard Damon
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talized name,
and avoid the name conflict. It just says that in your code, to use the
class you either need to use Datatime or datetime.datetime
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Richard Damon
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k. I got the point. So what do I need to do access the variable? How do
> I return a value from that function?
>
> Thanks.
The problem is that you are accessing the variable BEFORE the box has
been put up and the user clicking on it. That doesn't happen until the
mainloop() call. You need to delay the opening and reading of the file
till the filedialog has been used and returned.
Perhaps on_openfile could open and read the file.
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Richard Damon
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On 11/13/20 12:12 PM, ChalaoAdda wrote:
> On Fri, 13 Nov 2020 12:04:53 -0500, Richard Damon wrote:
>
>> On 11/13/20 11:42 AM, ChalaoAdda wrote:
>>> On Fri, 13 Nov 2020 16:04:03 +, Stefan Ram wrote:
>>>
>>>> ChalaoAdda writes:
>>>>
it meets the SYNTAX of an email address isn't THAT hard,
but there are a number of edge cases to worry about.
Validating that it is a working email address (presumably after
verifying that it has a proper syntax) is much harder, and basically
requires trying to send to the address, and to really conf
in comments or display names,
but just a base email address isn't that hard).
Many people do still get it wrong.
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Richard Damon
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terns is probably
beyond what a regex could handle.
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Richard Damon
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> kangaroo
>
> --
> Thanks
random.choice doesn't return 'a variable' but an object. Which is the
same object that one of the variables that you used.
IF you wanted to use words, then you could have made kinds = {'animals',
'fruits'} and
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