ror!
>
> One of the lines is:
>
> kundalini (0.4)- LրVE-like PyGame API
>
> So it's down to what system encoding (active code page) is in use.
As noted in the announcement, please feel free to report the issue. We
fixed a lot of encoding errors for pip 10, but it'
have had problems with the 10.0.0b1
release should upgrade to 10.0.0b2.
Thanks,
Paul
On 31 March 2018 at 12:11, Paul Moore wrote:
> On behalf of the PyPA, I am pleased to announce that a beta release
> 10.0.0b1 of pip has just been released for testing by the community.
> We're plann
this situation.
Could you not use an alias?
In [1]: import sys
...: if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
...: %alias python3 py -3
...: else:
...: %alias python3 python3
...:
...: ver = %python3 --version
...: ver
...:
Python 3.6.2
Paul
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in
> OSError: [Errno 29] Illegal seek
>
> even try to seek()?
Because it's append mode so it needs to go to the end?
Paul
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tional multi-threaded or
multi-process designs. Whether it's a good fit for any particular
application is something you'd have to test, as with anything else.
Paul
[1] I found it really hard to avoid saying "more efficiently" there.
Not sure what that implies other than that the phrase means whatever
you want it to mean!!!
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Steven D'Aprano writes:
> So, I'm, still trying to wrap my brain around async processing, and I
> started reading this tutorial:
>
> http://stackabuse.com/python-async-await-tutorial/
>
> and the very first paragraph broke my brain.
>
> "Asynchronous programming has been gaining a lot of tractio
elopment team is extremely grateful to everyone in the community
for their contributions.
Thanks,
Paul
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things about logbok (https://logbook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
although I will say I've never tried it myself. I do agree that the
stdlib logging module, while technically powerful, is frustratingly
clumsy to use in all of the relatively simple situations I've felt it
might be helpful to me :
itable VCS URLs
Thanks to all the people who reported issues and helped with the fixes.
Paul
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ripts, etc, then you
can install them using "pip install --user" - this will make them
available in the system Python without altering system-managed files
or directories (note that I *didn't* use sudo!)
Hope this helps,
Paul
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the check
done by pip. It's a known issue and has been fixed in the development
version of pip, so it'll be resolved in the next release. In the
meantime, you can either remove the redundant trailing backslash from
your PATH, or just ignore the warning.
Paul
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On 26 April 2018 at 20:04, Virgil Stokes wrote:
> IMHO it would have been useful to have "warning" somewhere in these
> messages.
Ha, I'd never even noticed that it didn't...
I think it's in a different colour, FWIW, but your point is good.
Paul
--
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acceptable - there's no doubt the pip 10.0.1 behaviour
is a bug (that's been fixed). No-one is arguing otherwise. The
suggestion to remove the backslashes was nothing more than a
workaround that can be used until the next release of pip.
Paul
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It's working for me now.
Paul
On 30 April 2018 at 18:38, Jorge Gimeno wrote:
> Not sure who to report to, but the site comes back with a 503. Anyone know
> where I can direct this to?
>
> -Jorge L. Gimeno
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> https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
but I'm not seeing how to apply this class ... if that's how
> modules are made visible in the venv.
>
> A clue is needed.
Maybe you need --system-site-packages?
Paul
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ugh, so it may have changed when we switched to wix.
You're right it doesn't seem like the details are well documented. It
might be worth raising a docs bug on bugs.python.org asking for the
details to be clarified.
Paul
On 1 May 2018 at 18:28, wrote:
> I downloaded the 64-bit Window
27;t think it's soluble
without making the cum_weights argument useless in practice. Better
documentation might be worthwhile (although I don't personally find
the current docs confusing, so suggestions for improvements would be
helpful).
Paul
On 14 May 2018 at 12:36, Steven D'Apra
On 14 May 2018 at 13:27, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Mon, May 14, 2018 at 9:59 PM, Paul Moore wrote:
>> The problem is that supplying cum_weights allows the code to run in
>> O(log n) by using bisection. This is significantly faster on large
>> populations. Adding a tes
On 14 May 2018 at 13:53, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Mon, May 14, 2018 at 10:49 PM, Paul Moore wrote:
>> On 14 May 2018 at 13:27, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>> On Mon, May 14, 2018 at 9:59 PM, Paul Moore wrote:
>>>> The problem is that supplying cum_weights allows t
On 14 May 2018 at 14:07, Steven D'Aprano
wrote:
> On Mon, 14 May 2018 12:59:28 +0100, Paul Moore wrote:
>
>> The problem is that supplying cum_weights allows the code to run in
>> O(log n) by using bisection. This is significantly faster on large
>> populations. Addi
On 14 May 2018 at 20:02, Paul wrote:
> 1) I understand the added cost of verifying the sequence. However, this
> appears to be a one-time cost. E.G., if I submit this,
>
> random.choices(lm,cum_weights=[25,26,36,46,136],k=400
>
> then the code will do an O(n log n) operation
t an "rvalue". And then went on to define things that
could go on the left hand side of an assignment as "lvalues". And now
we have two confusing concepts to explain - see what happens when you
let a standards committee define your language? :-)
Paul
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a good example, because it makes it clear that the benefits of :=
are at least in some cases, somewhat dependent on the fact that Python
evaluates arguments left to right :-)
Paul
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On 18 May 2018 at 12:08, Rhodri James wrote:
> On 17/05/18 23:44, Paul wrote:
>>
>> I've been using email for thirty years, including thousands of group
>> emails
>> at many tech companies, and no one has ever suggested, let alone insisted
>> on, bottom
name has an embedded \0 - at least on
Unix. I don't know if Windows allows \0 in filenames, but if it does,
then os.path.exists should respect that...
Although I wouldn't consider this as anything even remotely like a
significant issue...
Paul
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so what you have is a
>> fundamentally invalid name. ValueError is perfectly acceptable.
>
> It should still be documented.
>
> What does it do on Windows if the path is illegal?
Returns False (confirmed with paths of '?' and ':', among others).
Paul
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module *does* expose low-level
OS-dependent functionality, so it's not necessarily reasonable to
extend this argument to other functions in os. But it seems like a
pretty solid argument in this particular case.
> As an aside Windows has lots of special filenames that you have to know about
&
to users of recent versions of
Python, whereas a PyPI implementation would work for everyone.
None of these are showstoppers - many proposals have got past them -
but it's worth having at least thought through your answers to them,
so you can present the idea in the best light.
Paul
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On 1 June 2018 at 15:38, Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2018-06-01, Paul Moore wrote:
>
>> Python allows strings with embedded \0 characters, so it's possible
>> to express that question in Python - os.path.exists('a\0b'). What
>> can be expressed in ter
On 1 June 2018 at 16:36, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Sat, Jun 2, 2018 at 12:57 AM, Paul Moore wrote:
>> Why does this need to be a string method? Why can't it be a standalone
>> function? Maybe you should publish an implementation on PyPI, collect
>> some data on how
ething similar.
No-one is saying a method is *worse* than a standalone function - they
are just saying it's *not sufficiently better* to justify creating a
string method that replicates an existing stdlib function.
Paul
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be the understanding, if they are complex) to port them, and
then switch.
Paul
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A list including NaNs therefore cannot be
permuted into a sorted order (which is the basic language-mandated
detail of sorted() - there are others, but this is what matters here).
So call it an accident of implementation of you like. Or "sorting a
list with NaNs in it is meaningless" if you prefer. Or "undefined
behaviour" if you're a fan of the language in the C standard.
Paul
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") is not
POSIX compatible. As an example, Windows (the kernel) has the
capability to implement fork(), but this isn't exposed via the Win32
API. To implement fork() you need to go to the raw kernel layer. Which
is basically what the Windows Linux subsystem (bash on Windows 10)
does - it's a user-level implementation of the POSIX API using Win32
kernel calls.
Paul
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ers
isn't possible *at the OS level*. (As another example, the fact that
the Unix kernel treats filenames as byte strings means that there are
translation issues querying an NTFS filesystem that uses Unicode
(UTF-16) natively - and vice versa when Windows queries a Unix-native
filesystem).
So &q
s
something many programmers can take a long time (years, in some cases)
to develop, and a good sense of style is often (IMO) what separates
good programmers from mediocre/bad ones. Reading other people's code
is often a very good way to develop a sense of style, if you get the
chance to do so.
Paul
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se locals()? The reason I ask is that I see
locals() as "digging into implementation stuff" and sort of expect it
to act oddly in situations like this...
Paul
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part of the joke). Tim's contributions to Python are
always to be treasured :-)
Paul
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gt; b = 2
> result = locals()
> return result
Regardless of the answer to that question, the message here is
basically "people don't have good intuition of how locals() works". Or
to put it another way, "code that uses locals() is already something
you should probably be checking the docs for if you care about the
details of what it does". Which agrees with my immediate reaction when
I saw the original question :-)
Paul
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From: Paul Moore
On 24 June 2018 at 06:03, Steven D'Aprano
wrote:
> I'd like to run a quick survey. There is no right or wrong answer, since
> this is about your EXPECTATIONS, not what Python actually does.
>
> Given this function:
>
>
> def test():
> a = 1
From: Paul Moore
On 25 June 2018 at 11:53, Steven D'Aprano
wrote:
> And the specific line you reference is *especially* a joke, one which
> flies past nearly everyone's head:
>
> There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
>
>
> No
mail.parser.message_from_binary_file (with a
file object opened in binary) would do what you're after?
Note: I've not actually used any of these methods myself...
Paul
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def return_filename_test_case(filepath):
filename = os.path.basename(filepath)
testcase = filename.partition('_')[0]
return filename, testcase
On 21 July 2018 at 12:37, Ganesh Pal wrote:
> I have one of the dictionary values in the below format
>
> '/usr/local/ABCD/EDF/ASASAS/GTH/HELL
quot;help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> b'a' == 'a'
True
>>> b'a' == u'a'
True
>>>
which is basically the sort of thing that -b should warn about.
Specifically the quoted code would end up with a dictionary with 2
entries on Python 3, but 1 entry on Python 2.
Paul
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On 31 July 2018 at 09:32, Robin Becker wrote:
> On 31/07/2018 09:16, Paul Moore wrote:
>>
>> On 31 July 2018 at 08:40, Robin Becker wrote:
>>>
>>> A bitbucket user complains that python 3.6.6 with -Wall -b prints
>>> warnings
>>> for som
the information,
we've reviewed our bytes/string handling and can confirm that it's
safe, so there's no fixes needed in reportlab".
Paul
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On Wed, 1 Aug 2018 at 18:43, Steven D'Aprano
wrote:
>
> On Wed, 01 Aug 2018 16:22:16 +0100, Paul Moore wrote:
>
> > If they've reported to you that your code produces warnings under -b,
> > your response can quite reasonably be "thanks for the information,
parate threads for the individual pipes
may help, or if you need to go that far there are specialised
libraries, I believe (pexpect is one, but from what I know it's fairly
Unix-specific, so I'm not very familiar with it).
Sorry, but there's no "simple" answer here for you (
ptys to do this - I gather that's what they are designed for, but as a
Windows programmer myself, I know very little about them.
Paul
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ght be useful (but
no actual use cases!) but those would almost certainly require
relaxing one or more of the restrictions you listed, so they do not
even count as theoretical support for your suggested proposal.
Paul
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the
ones that do.
Combinatorial problems typically grow very fast as N (and/or k)
increase, so that approach may not work as a practical solution, but
it will at least mean that you code your requirement in an executable
form (which you can test for small numbers) and then you'll have a
more
On Wed, 22 Aug 2018 at 17:33, Richard Damon wrote:
> Paul, my understanding of the problem is that you want to create multiple
> divisions of the larger group into smaller groups, such that if two people
> are in the same group in 1 division, they never appear together in other
&g
pport is intended as an implementation detail (and a fix to the
documentation to explicitly state that would be reasonable).
Personally, I'd expect that the intention is that you can rely on it.
Paul
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as you
(and your users) want it. Don't let anyone tell you how you should
structure your internal code, it's none of their business.
Paul
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x27;%.60f' % (D('1.1') + D('2.2'))
> '3.2998223643160599749535322189331054687500'
> >>>
>
> The first two format methods behave as expected. The old-style '%' operator
> does not.
>
> Frank
Presumably, Decimal has a custom formatting method. The old-style %
formatting doesn't support custom per-class formatting, so %.60f
converts its argument to float and then prints it.
Paul
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I've not used SML much, but what you have looks right. let ... in is
basically a local binding "let x = 12 in x+2" is saying "the value of
x+2 with x set to 12".
As I'm sure you realise (but I'll add it here for the sake of any
newcomers who read this), the recu
I've not used SML much, but what you have looks right. let ... in is basically
a local binding "let x = 12 in x+2" is saying "the value of x+2 with x set to
12".
As I'm sure you realise (but I'll add it here for the sake of any newcomers who
read this), the recu
in a (compiled) functional language like SML, the compiler
can optimise this to avoid any actual inner function, leaving it as
nothing more than a temporary name.
Paul
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On Fri, 7 Sep 2018 at 15:10, Paul Moore wrote:
>
> On Fri, 7 Sep 2018 at 14:06, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
> >
> > On Thu, 06 Sep 2018 13:48:54 +0300, Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
> >
> > > Chris Angelico :
> > >> The request was to translate th
derstanding more can easily find more appropriate forums to
participate in.
Paul
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Steven D'Aprano writes:
> The point is that there's nothing intrinsically obvious or right about
> "return the value of the last statement in the block".
Strictly speaking it returns the value of the block itself. The block
is usually evaluated by PROG which returns the last value of the block
Steven D'Aprano writes:
> I want to see an actual application where adding a new key to a
> mapping is expected to change the other keys.
directory["mary.roommate"] = "bob"
directory["mary.address"] = None # unknown address
...
directory["bob.address"] = "132 Elm Street"
Since Bob and Mary are
Jon Ribbens writes:
>> isinstance(node, ast.Attribute) and node.attr.startswith("_")):
>> raise ValueError("Access to private values is not allowed.")
>> namespace = {"__builtins__": {"int": int, "str": str, "len": len}}
> Nobody has any thoughts on this at all?
W
Jon Ribbens writes:
>> That string decodes to "__private".
> Yes, and? ... The namespace
> I was suggesting didn't provide access to any objects which have a
> 'get()' method which would access attributes.
I see, I forgot that getattr is a function, not an object method.
Though, now you've got th
Chris Angelico writes:
> First off, what does it actually *mean* to have a tree with numbers
> and keys as strings? Are they ever equal? Are all integers deemed
> lower than all strings? Something else?
If the AVL tree's purpose is to be an alternative lookup structure to
Python's hash-based dict
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> Guido chose a different method to implement timers for asyncio. He
> decided to never remove canceled timers.
Oh my, that might not end well. There are other approaches that don't
need AVL trees and can remove cancelled timers, e.g. "timer wheels" as
used in Erlang and f
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> On the surface, the garbage collection scheme looks dubious, but maybe
> it works perfect in practice.
It looked suspicious at first glance but I think it is ok. Basically on
at most every timeout event (scheduling, expiration, or cancellation),
it does an O(n) operation
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> With AVL trees, it's easier to be convinced about worst-case
> performance.
I'd have thought the main reason to use AVL trees was persistence, so
you could have multiple slightly different trees sharing most of their
structures.
> It is more difficult to see the potentia
Ben Finney writes:
> The ‘cmp’ implementation must decide *at least* between three
> conditions... The implementation of ‘__lt__’ and the implementation
> of ‘__eq__’ each only need to decide two conditions (true, false).
> If you're saying the latter implementation is somehow *more* expensive
>
Pete Forman writes:
> Why is it that Python continues to use a fixed width font and therefore
> specifies the maximum line width as a character count?
Python doesn't require the use of any particular font for editing your
code.
However programmers tend to use fixed width fonts when editing code
Steven D'Aprano writes:
> I want to remove a directory, including all files and subdirectories under
> it, but without following symlinks. I want the symlinks to be deleted, not
> the files pointed to by those symlinks.
rm -r shouldn't follow symlinks like you mention.
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Steven D'Aprano writes:
> (1) print the help text to stdout;
> (2) run the help text through a pager;
Stdout unless the PAGER env var is set. Otherwise, I'd say still stdout
since the person can pipe it through a pager if they want, but you could
use the pager or be fancy and try to detect if st
Rustom Mody writes:
> As with all things rms, its taking him decades to realize this defeat
> [Latest makeinfo is 18 times slower than previous version!!
> https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-texinfo/2013-01/msg00012.html
Wait, what's it written in now?
> In the meantime the so called lightwe
Rustom Mody writes:
> At that point what I gleaned was that original makeinfo was in C
> New one was rewritten in perl.
The previous one was definitely written in C and I've looked at the code
some. I hadn't known there was a new one. The C one was actually the
second one. The first one was wr
Sayth Renshaw writes:
> Live in New South Wales Australia somewhat regional, closest local
> python group is 2 and a half hours away in Sydney.
Try here: https://wiki.hackerspaces.org/RoboDojo
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DFS writes:
> Edit: I see they addressed this in 3.5 (maybe earlier), with an option:
> "itertools.zip_longest(*iterables, fillvalue=None)
This is available in 2.7 as itertools.izip_longest
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Steven D'Aprano writes:
> Australia's naming laws almost certainly wouldn't allow such a name.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_real-name_policy_controversy#Vietnamese
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DFS writes:
> But, I am dead serious about becoming a good Python developer, and I
> truly appreciate all clp replies.
People are more likely to reply to you if your posting style makes you
enjoyable instead of annoying to engage with. That's community spirit.
Friendly participation is always we
Hi all. I have a locally-built version of Python (2.7.11) that I'm
copying around to different systems, running all different versions of
GNU/Linux. Because I need this to work across systems I'm bundling
important .so's with my Python installation (libcrypto, libssl,
libreadline, libgmp) which a
On Thu, 2016-05-12 at 07:55 +0300, Jussi Piitulainen wrote:
> eryk sun writes:
>
> > On Wed, May 11, 2016 at 10:39 PM, Paul Smith wrote:
> > > Hi all. I have a locally-built version of Python (2.7.11) that I'm
> > > copying around to different systems, running
Ben Finney writes:
> There's a big overlap because most classes are also types -- but not
> the other way around! E.g. Any is a type but not a class (you can
> neither inherit from Any nor instantiate it), and the same is true
> for unions and type variables. […]
> As a Bear of Li
Terry Reedy writes:
> I suspect that one could produce a class that is not a type, in
> Guido's meaning, with a metaclass that is not a subclass of the type
> class. I don't otherwise know what Guido might have meant.
I think meant that if X is a class, then X is (usually) also a type; but
the r
Dennis Lee Bieber writes:
> It's been tried -- but the non-GIL implementations tend to be
> slower at everything else.
Has Micropython been compared? CPython needs the GIL because of its
frequent twiddling of reference counts. Without the GIL, multi-threaded
CPython would have to acquire
Steven D'Aprano writes:
> Is anyone able to demonstrate a replicable performance impact due to
> garbage collection?
As Laurent describes, Python uses refcounting, and then does some gc in
case there was dead circular structure that the refcounting missed.
Your example had no circular structure s
Grant Edwards writes:
> I've actually got plenty of RAM. I just can't afford the CPU time it
> takes to do the public-key crypto stuff that happens each time an SSL
> connection starts up.
I think you should only have to do that once, then use TLS session
resumption for additional connections.
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> Radek Holý :
>
>> 2016-05-17 9:50 GMT+02:00 Steven D'Aprano <
>> steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info>:
>>
>>> Overhead in the office today:
>>>
>>> "I don't have time to learn an existing library - much faster to make
>>> my own mistakes!"
>>
>> *THUMBS UP* At least they
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> Paul Rudin :
>
>> Marko Rauhamaa writes:
>>> The feeling of powerlessness can be crushing when you depend on a
>>> third-party component that is broken with no fix in sight.
>>
>> Presumably it depends on whether you have t
Ned Batchelder writes:
> Once the tone gets to picking apart any detail, no matter how trivial, it's
> just turned into a contest to see who can be more right.
It helps to use a threaded news/mail reader (I use gnus). When a
subtopic starts going off the fails, hitting control-K marks the rest o
Grant Edwards writes:
>> then use TLS session resumption for additional connections.
> Thanks, I'll look into that -- I've seen the term before, but that's
> about it.
> Is it something the server tells the client to do?
> And more to the point, will all popular browsers do it?
Sorry for the slow
Grant Edwards writes:
> The 40MHz one is a Samsung ARM7TDMI. There's a newer model with a
> 133MHz Cortex-M3.
Another thing occurs to me-- do you have to support older browsers?
Newer TLS stacks support elliptic curve public key, which should be a
lot faster on those cpus than RSA/DHE is.
--
jlada...@itu.edu writes:
> high rate, about 5,000 16-bit unsigned integers per second
> Using PySerial to handle UART over USB. Intel Core i7-4790K CPU @
> 4.00GHz.
This really should not be an issue. That's not such a terribly high
speed, and there's enough buffering in the kernel that you
Deborah Martin writes:
> Try Cygwin at http://www.cygwin.com
>
Or use the new windows subsystem for linux:
https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2016/03/30/run-bash-on-ubuntu-on-windows/
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Sayth Renshaw writes:
> Very briefly because I hope to shot down eloquently.
>
> Python is beautiful and is supposed to be a duck typed language, Yes?
>
> Then if I create and assign to a new variable with a list action why
> does the duck not quack?
>
> It feels wrong to spend a line writing wha
Nobody writes:
> On Fri, 03 Jun 2016 09:15:55 -0700, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>
>>> [quoted text muted]
>>
>> A licence is quite different from a contract. A contract requires some
>> indication of explicit agreement by both parties, a licence does not.
>
> More precisely, it requires "mutual
Lawrence D’Oliveiro writes:
> I wonder about the point of that, though; I have heard of cases where
> the judge ruled that the contract had been breached, and awarded
> damages of one pound/dollar/euro. So other than winning a symbolic
> victory, what was the point?
Damages for breach of contra
Lawrence D’Oliveiro writes:
> On Friday, June 3, 2016 at 9:53:47 PM UTC+12, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> A licence is something like a contract...
>
> A licence is quite different from a contract. A contract requires some
> indication of explicit agreement by both parties, a licence does not. That
Nobody writes:
> On Sat, 04 Jun 2016 12:28:33 +1000, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>>> OTOH, a Free software licence is unilateral; the author grants the user
>>> certain rights, with the user providing nothing in return.
>>
>> That's not the case with the GPL.
>>
>> The GPL requires the user (not t
Harrison Chudleigh writes:
> Currently, the closest thing Python has to a 2D array is a dictionary
> containing lists.
Tuples work fine:
d = {}
d[2,3] = 5 # etc...
> Is this idea PEPable?
I don't think it would get any traction. If you're doing something
numerical that needs 2d arrays, nu
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> Antoon Pardon :
>
>> You can do something like that in simula, but only because
>> simula has two kinds of assignments. One kind that is
>> simular to python and one that is similar to C.
>> The one that is similar that python is the reference assignment.
>
> I see Python
Marko Rauhamaa writes:
> Paul Rudin :
>
>> Marko Rauhamaa writes:
>>> What is different is that in Python, every expression evaluates to a
>>> pointer. Thus, you can only assign pointers to variables.
>>
>> I don't think that's really right -
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