Chris Angelico wrote:
"await" means "don't continue this function until that's done". It
blocks the function until a non-blocking operation is done.
However, *not* using 'await' doesn't mean the operation
will be done without blocking. Rather, it won't be done
at all (and is usually an error, b
On Tuesday 29 November 2016 14:21, Chris Angelico wrote:
"await" means "don't continue this function until that's done". It
blocks the function until a non-blocking operation is done.
That explanation gives the impression that it's some
kind of "join" operation on parallel tasks, i.e. if
you d
Chris Angelico wrote:
From the point of view of
the rest of Python, no. It's a sign saying "Okay, Python, you can
alt-tab away from me now".
The problem with that statement is it implies that if
you omit the "await", then the thing you're calling
will run uninterruptibly. Whereas what actually
Chris Angelico wrote:
That's because you're not actually running anything concurrently.
Yes, I know what happens and why. My point is that for
someone who *doesn't* know, simplistic attempts to
explain what "await" means can be very misleading.
There doesn't seem to be any accurate way of sum
Steve D'Aprano wrote:
On Mon, 5 Dec 2016 07:26 am, DFS wrote:
no such column: R
doesn't this mean that your column is called:
single quote R single quote
I think he intends it to be an SQL string literal (which uses
single quotes), but since the quotes disappeared, SQL is trying
to interpr
BartC wrote:
On 05/12/2016 19:29, Michael Torrie wrote:
On 12/05/2016 11:50 AM, BartC wrote:
So how do I do:
gcc *.c -lm
The -lm needs to go at the end.
Presumably it now needs to check each parameter seeing if it resembles a
file more than it does an option? And are options automati
BartC wrote:
But a similar example, suppose a syntax is:
appl *.* [options]
I would be disappointed by such a syntax. What if I want
to operate on two or more files with unrelated names? With
that syntax, I can't list them explicitly in the one command.
To make that possible, the syntax wou
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
-lm is not a valid file name on the OS's that use - as an option
prefix.
It's not invalid -- you can create a file called -lm
on a unix system if you want, you just have to be a bit
sneaky about how you refer to it:
% echo foo > ./-lm
% ls
-lm
% cat ./-lm
foo
Sane peo
BartC wrote:
I've given a dozen examples where the shell's
auto-expansion can screw things up.
Only because you're taking Windows conventions and trying
to apply them to Unix.
That's like somebody from the USA visiting Britain and
thinking "OMG! These people are all going to get themselves
kil
BartC wrote:
What, the convention of NOT assuming that any command parameter that
uses * or ? MUST refer to whatever set of filenames happen to match in
the current directory?
Yes.
That's a pretty good convention, yes?!
That's a matter of opinion. It precludes the shell from
performing var
BartC wrote:
But those would be silly.
Some special syntax is known about: | < and > for example. % less so
What you need to understand is that, to a Unix user,
* and ? are *just as well known* as |, < and >. Perhaps
even more so, because they're likely to be used much
sooner than piping and r
Steve D'Aprano wrote:
I don't know any Unix programs that provide
file spec processing.
'find' does, but only for its -name argument, and only because
it does something different with it from what the shell would
do. And you do need to quote it if it contains glob characters.
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Paul Moore wrote:
On Tuesday, 6 December 2016 21:44:18 UTC, Gregory Ewing wrote:
What you need to understand is that, to a Unix user, * and ? are *just as
well known* as |, < and >.
And to Windows users. Just because BartC is proposing a silly distinction
between what "Unix
BartC wrote:
And globbing doesn't take care of all of it: a Linux program still has
to iterate over a loop of filenames. The same as on Windows, except the
latter will need to call a function to deliver the next filename.
Actually, most of them will require *two* loops, one to
iterate over a s
BartC wrote:
Only the tiny minority that can be meaningfully invoked on an arbitrary
number of files at the same time.
Um... you mean the "tiny minority" that includes just
about *every* unix utility that operates on files?
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BartC wrote:
println dirlist(cmdparams[2])# Windows
println tail(cmdparams) # Linux
I'm not familiar with your language, so I'll reply
in Python. If you write it like this:
for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
for name in glob(arg):
print(name)
then the user will
BartC wrote:
Which means that input of A B* *C will all end up running together so
that you have no idea what is what or which file corresponds to which
expansion.
So if you intend your program to be used on unix, you
need to design it so that it doesn't depend on such
distinctions.
Now the p
BartC wrote:
Run the code below and start pressing keys. On both of my Linuxes, I get
escape sequences shown when I Insert, Delete, Home, End, Page Up, Page
Down, Up, Down, Left, Right and most of the function keys; not just
single ASCII codes.
That's probably because your terminal window is
Random832 wrote:
Just to point out, brace expansion isn't globbing. The most important
difference is that brace expansion doesn't care what files exist.
However, it's something that the shell expands into multiple
arguments, giving it similar characteristics for the purposes
of this discussion.
Grant Edwards wrote:
But _paths_ can, and Windows command-line apps and shells choke on
paths when written with "/" separators because way-back when the
MS-DOS "designers" decided to use "/" as the default option character.
To be fair to them, the use of "/" for options can be traced
back to ea
Michael Torrie wrote:
Interesting. I wouldn't have thought ENTER would return a line feed.
Possibly you have the terminal in "cbreak" mode, which
provides a character at a time but still does things
like translate CR->LF.
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Michael Torrie wrote:
For example, on Macs,
control-key is not normally used, but rather the Command-key (the apple
key) which happens to be where the Alt key is on our PC keyboards.
Actually, Alt is usually mapped to Option on a Mac. The Mac
Command key corresponds the "Windows" or "Meta" key
Juan C. wrote:
The instructor said that the right way to call a class attribute is to use
'Class.class_attr' notation, but on the web I found examples where people
used 'self.class_attr' to call class attributes. I believe that using the
first notation is better ('Class.class_attr'), this way the
Ned Batchelder wrote:
In C++, you don't have an object of type T until the
constructor has finished. In Python, you have an object of type T before
__init__ has been entered.
That distinction seems a bit pedantic as well. Inside a C++
constructor you have access to something having all the
fiel
Ned Batchelder wrote:
if a C++ constructor raises an exception, will the corresponding destructor
be run, or not? (No, because it never finished making an object of type T.)
So it just leaks any memory that's been allocated by
the partially-run constructor?
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Matthias Bussonnier wrote:
I search for a method
capable of telling me whether an object can be weakreferenced.
Objects that can be weakly referenced have a __weakref__ attribute.
So you could use hasattr(obj, '__weakref__').
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Paul Rubin wrote:
First it was the hipster Mac users
with the Beatnik black berets and turtlenecks, and now this.
Once you're in the clutches of Apple, there is no Escape.
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mm0fmf wrote:
+1 for knowing where CTRL should be.
Bonus +1 for having used an ASR33.
And it's quite remarkable that the designers of the ASR33
knew exactly where it would need to be for Emacs users
years later! I think Richard Stallman must have a time
machine as well.
--
Greg
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BartC wrote:
But if you needed a table of the frequencies of letters A to Z...
An N-based array can simply have bounds of ord('A') to ord('Z')
inclusive.
That's fine if your language lets you have arrays with
arbitrary lower bounds.
But if the language only allows a fixed lower bound, and
fur
Random832 wrote:
Except for the fact that the actual keyboard that Emacs was originally
developed for [the Knight Keyboard, and the later Symbolics "Space
Cadet" Keyboards] had the control key more or less where it is on modern
PC keyboards [slightly further to the right, so easier to reach with
Joel Goldstick wrote:
In the United States, ambulances often have their signage written
backwards so that it appears normal in a rear view mirror. Do they do
that in other countries?
In NZ our fire engines have FIRE written both forwards and
backwards on the front, so it's readable either way.
mm0fmf wrote:
Username einstein, asking bizarre questions, short responses with no
included context. if this isn't trolling I'm a Dutchman.
I don't think he's trolling, I think he's using some kind of
forum interface (Google Groups?) that displays whole threads
together, making quoting less nec
On Sat, 31 Dec 2016 14:35:46 -0800, "Deborah Swanson"
declaimed the following:
if len(l1[v]) == 0 and len(l2[v]) != 0:
l1[v] = l2[v]
elif len(l2[v]) == 0 and len(l1[v]) != 0:
l2[v] = l1[v]
elif l1[v] != l2[v]:
ret += ", " + labels[v] + " diff" if
Deborah Swanson wrote:
flds = len(ls[0])
cl, ur, d1, de, lo, st, mi, ki, re, da, br, no, yn, ma, ar =
range(0,flds)
You might like to consider converting the row into a
namedtuple, then you could refer to the fields using
attribute names instead of indexes.
You could even use the header row to
Deborah Swanson wrote:
Unless you know of, and are suggesting, a way to index a sequence with
strings instead of integers, so the code could remain untouched with
string indices when changes to the columns are made.
I'm talking about this:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#col
Paul Rubin wrote:
My first thought is towards the struct module, especially if you want to
handle a bunch of such integers at the same time. Or maybe the array
module or some combination.
Or possibly numpy.
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Paul Rubin wrote:
> My first thought is towards the struct module, especially if you want to
> handle a bunch of such integers at the same time. Or maybe the array
> module or some combination.
Or possibly numpy.
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Deborah Swanson wrote:
File "E:/Coding projects/Pycharm/Moving/moving_numberedtuples.py",
line 139, in moving()
for lst in map(listings._make, csv.reader(open('E:\\Coding
projects\\Pycharm\\Moving\\Moving 2017 in.csv',"r"))):
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
I know you've found the
Israel Brewster wrote:
The problem is that, from time to time, I can't get a connection, the result
being that cursor is None,
That's your problem right there -- you want a better-behaved
version of psql_cursor().
def get_psql_cursor():
c = psql_cursor()
if c is None:
raise CantGet
Terry Reedy wrote:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
with None: pass
AttributeError: __enter__
Like he said, you get an AttributeError!
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Chris Angelico wrote:
On Tue, Jan 24, 2017 at 11:55 AM, Dennis Lee Bieber
wrote:
On Mon, 23 Jan 2017 22:55:19 +, mm0fmf declaimed the
following:
50lbs of coffee beans made into espresso and 22lbs of chocolate to eat
with all those tiny cups.
How about just 75lbs of chocolate co
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
While I'm trying to figure out what significance Centrum vitamins have
with being "non-GMO"...
Possibly they're just complying with some legal requirement or
other to declare whether the product has any GMO components.
If so, bit of a silly regulation, I'll agre
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
But practically everything these days uses true/high color, in which
each pixel encodes the exact color to be displayed. This means that
changing all matching pixels from one given color to another given color
requires rewriting those pixels color data.
Yes, and
Steve D'Aprano wrote:
5. The statistics module is too slow (and if I ever meet the author, I'll
give him a kick in the head);
Wow... ad-hominem take to a physical level!
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Joseph L. Casale wrote:
.NET is a library that can be used from many languages, including Python.
No.
Yes:
http://pythonnet.sourceforge.net/
"Python for .NET is a package that gives Python programmers nearly seamless
integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) and provides a po
Nathan Ernst wrote:
There is no reason you cannot introduce a static class with pure static
members (i.e. the Math class in System). A static class effectively becomes
another namespace in C++ parlance. I'll admit the syntax is a bit odd, and
enforces you, at a minimum to use the outer name a as
Michael Torrie wrote:
He was saying that you can
use the explicit self paradigm in C#. Simply prefix each member variable
with "this."
One can do that in one's own code, but it doesn't help
you to read the code of someone else who hasn't done
that. Since it's not part of the C# culture, the vas
Ian Kelly wrote:
Java also has "static import" which lets
you individually import specific static methods or fields from a class.
Yes, but it's nowhere near as convenient as Python's import.
To import individual names you have to qualify all of them with
the whole package name, and there is no
Chris Angelico wrote:
(Basically,
what you're doing is downgrading the protection of HTTPS to something
nearer plain HTTP. That's fine for what you're doing, but any code you
give to students is likely to be copied and pasted into their
production code.)
See if you can tie in with your OS's cert
Chris Angelico wrote:
That means going back to the original problem: "how do we get a usable
stock price API?".
Does it have to be stock prices in particular?
Or just some simple piece of data that demonstrates
the principles of fetching a url and parsing the
result?
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John Ladasky wrote:
Yeah, it's either Python or that horrifying street drug PHP. I know which one
I'm choosing.
Python is definitely the best language for getting high on:
https://xkcd.com/353/
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Peter J. Holzer wrote:
(Historically, many unixes allowed all users to read the environment
variables of all processes. I don't know if this is still the case for
e.g. Solaris or AIX - or macOS)
A quick test suggests it's still true in MacOSX 10.6:
% ps aeuww
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ
The idea that super() is *always* the right way to call
inherited methods in a multiple inheritance environment
seems to have been raised by some people to the level
of religous dogma.
I don't buy it. In order for it to work, the following
two conditions must hold:
1) All the methods involved ha
Ned Batchelder wrote:
"Ranting Rick" isn't trying
to enlighten, educate, or learn. He's trying to rile people up, and he
is good at it.
I don't think he's even trying, it just come naturally
to him. Rick rants the way wind blows and water wets.
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Chris Angelico wrote:
Question: How do you get a reference to a Ruby function? Or are they
not first-class objects?
They're not first-class. So, you can't.
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Chris Angelico wrote:
Ahh, that explains it. Great. So how do you build higher-order
functions? Or don't you?
You don't, exactly. You have to pass around objects
with a method to invoke when you want to "call" them.
Ruby has a code-block syntax that helps with this
somewhat, but I don't think
Rick Johnson wrote:
rb> Object.method("print_name").call("Meathead")
Yes, but the point is that you have to have to use a different
syntax to call it. This is like having to say
f.__call__(arg)
in Python instead of just
f(arg)
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Paul Moore wrote:
maybe a less technical
term[1] like "filters" would help here?
Categories?
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Rick Johnson wrote:
The only difference is when you want to make a call from a
_reference_, which, as you and i well know, is not the most
common way func/meths are called (these are rare).
No, but it's the case we're talking about here. If
functions don't behave the same way in all circumstanc
Ian Kelly wrote:
The ad said ASAP, so I guess that now it's already too late.
Also they apparently want someone who can start with
three exclamation marks. That rules me out, I only
have two left over from my last job.
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Ben Bacarisse wrote:
Anyway, to coalesce two or more exception handlers, you are probably
looking for
except (ImportError, RuntimeError):
To the OP: Are you sure you really want to mask RuntimeError here?
Usually it means something has gone seriously wrong, and is a
symptom that shouldn't be
On Thu, Apr 12, 2018 at 2:16 PM, wrote:
This C function returns a buffer which I declared it as a
ctypes.c_char_p. The buffer has size 0x1 bytes long and the valid
data may vary from a few bytes to the whole size.
I think we need to see the code you're using to call this
C function.
The
Jach Fong wrote:
>>> pvoid = ctypes.c_void_p(ctypes.addressof(buf0))
>>> pvoid.contents
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: 'c_void_p' object has no attribute 'contents'
I think the 'contents' attribute only applies to pointers that are
pointing at part o
steffie.bo...@gmail.com wrote:
Q = np.array(['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4'])
P = (X*Q)-X
I'm assuming that 'Q1', etc. are placeholders for numbers here?
Otherwise, you're doing arithmetic with strings, which doesn't
make sense.
So solve condition:
P[0]+P[1] ,P[0]+P[2] ,P[0]+P[3] ,P[1]+P[2] ,P[1]+P[
Python 3.5.1 (default, Jun 1 2016, 13:15:26)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> def f(a):
... class D:
... pass
... D.a = a
... return D
...
>>> c = f(42)
>>> c
.D'>
>>> c.a
42
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Alexey Muranov wrote:
x = 42
class C:
x = x # Works
I'd say it kind of works by accident, and is not really an
intended feature.
if Python does not allow to refer "simultaneously" to
variables from different scopes if they have the same name.
It seems perfectly reasonable to
Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
I was mildly amused when Python happily executed such code. "..." is a
valid expression and thus, a valid statement.
Fortunately, "?" still works for this!
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I suggest adding a new builtin constant:
YouFeelLikeIt = True
Then all pseudo-infinite loops can be written
while YouFeelLikeIt:
...
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On 10/05/2018 19:51, Chris Angelico wrote:
YAGNI much? How often do you need a base-9 literal in your code??
You've obviously never programmed a Setun ternary computer:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun
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Chris Angelico wrote:
Octal makes a lot of sense in the right contexts. Allowing octal
literals is a Good Thing. And sticking letters into the middle of a
number doesn't make that much sense, so the leading-zero notation is a
decent choice.
Also it's easy to forget that octal was a big part of
Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
I think octal is a historical relic from a time when people weren't yet
comfortable with hexadecimal.
Octal made perfect sense for all PDP models up to the
PDP-10, which had word sizes that were a multiple of
3 bits.
It still partly made sense for the PDP-11, because its
Chris Angelico wrote:
What do you mean, "another bit"? Currently, the chmod command on my
system can manage nine primary bits (rwx for each of ugo), plus
setuid, setgid, and sticky.
I think the idea is that you could regroup those 4 groups
of 3 into 3 groups of 4, and get a nice mapping to hex.
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
n for binary
t for octal
i for trinary
o for duodecimal
and of course, x for hexadecimal.
And in format strings:
"c" for decimal
"a" for char
"r" for string
"w" for raw string
Looks fine to me. Who wants to write the PEP?
--
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Steven D'Aprano wrote:
But that's not where plists came from, was it? As I understand it, the
plist data format was invented by Apple, and they called it a property
list.
The term "property list" can also refer to a data structure in Lisp:
https://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/cltl/clm/node10
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
You had
computers with 6, 9, or even 60 bits per byte,
And some early machines were even weirder, e.g. the EDSAC
with effectively 17-bit words and 35-bit longwords.
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Chris Angelico wrote:
Tack setuid onto "owner", setgid onto "group", and sticky
onto "others"? Pretty arbitrary, and disrupts the fundamental meaning
of each set.
Yes, it would be totally silly if e.g. the "ls" command were
to regroup them that way when displaying the permission bits...
oh, wai
Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
I'm
guessing using letters as digits felt awkward among computer people for
a long time.
I think you may be underestimating how much weirdness
early computer programmers were willing to accept.
If you think using letters as hex digits is awkward,
you should check out what
I don't think it's very helpful to anyone to say that "everything
is an object", because "everything" is far too vague a term.
(It's not even close to being true -- there are plenty of concepts
in Python that are not objects.)
I think I would say something like "All data that a Python program
can
On Tue, 15 May 2018, 23:15 Tobiah, wrote:
Why is it getattr(object, item) rather then object.getattr(item)?
It's part of the design philosophy of Python that the
namespace of a new user-defined class should as far as
possible start off as a "blank slate", not cluttered
up with a bunch of pred
Ned Batchelder wrote:
On 5/23/18 12:03 PM, Gene Heskett wrote:
Brain damaged by facebook, AOL, M$, Google, yahoo yadda yadda into
thinking that webmail and forums are the only game in town?
Please avoid accusing others of being brain damaged, even if it was
meant in a humorous context. :(
I
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
@ requires use of the weaker/shorter "ring finger" on (for me) the
weaker left hand.
But... choosing an operator on that basis would be
discriminating against left-handed people!
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bartc wrote:
/The/ matrix multiplication operator?
In which language? And what was wrong with "*"?
It seems you're unaware that Python *already* has an '@'
operator. It was added specifically so that numpy could
use it for matrix multiplication. A new operator was
needed because numpy already
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
TypeError: cannot create weak reference to 'Eggs' object
Why does weakref hate my Eggs class?
Classes with __slots__ aren't automatically given a __weakref__ slot,
to save memory I suppose.
But you can give it one explicitly:
>>> class Eggs:
... __slots__ = ['spanish
Chris Angelico wrote:
A Unix path name cannot contain a null byte, so what you have is a
fundamentally invalid name. ValueError is perfectly acceptable.
It would also make sense for it could simply return False, since
a file with such a name can't exist.
This is analogous to the way comparing
Chris Angelico wrote:
It is an error to mutate the dictionary *and then continue to iterate over it*.
But if you're processing the last key, and you add one so
that it's no longer the last key, what should happen?
My feeling is that this should be an error, because it's
not clear whether itera
Here's my take on what an indented multi-line string
syntax should look like.
string foo:
| This is a multi-line indented string declaration.
| Note that it's a statement, not an expression. In
| this example, each line of the final string starts
| with two
Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
Interestingly, you get a False even for existing files if you don't have
permissions to access the file.
Obviously in that case, instead of True or False it should
return FileNotFound. :-)
https://thedailywtf.com/articles/What_Is_Truth_0x3f_
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Chris Angelico wrote:
if you 'break' immediately after a mutation, that isn't
continuing to iterate. Even though you're inside the loop, there's no
further action taken to process the loop, and no problem.
Yes, but you're also not calling next() again, so no
exception would be triggered.
My po
Grant Edwards wrote:
Python allows floating point numbers, so it is possible to express
this question in python: os.path.exists(3.14159). Is the fact that
the underlying OS/filesystem can't identify files via a floating point
number relevent? Should it return False or raise ValueError?
I don'
Peter J. Holzer wrote:
If it was a deliberate decicion I would say it was intentional.
It was a deliberate decision not to define an ordering for NaNs,
but the particular behaviour of sorting them is accidental.
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Paul Moore wrote:
Windows (the kernel) has the
capability to implement fork(), but this isn't exposed via the Win32
API. To implement fork() you need to go to the raw kernel layer. Which
is basically what the Windows Linux subsystem (bash on Windows 10)
does
What people usually mean by "POSIX c
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Do you really mean to say that a computer that won't boot is POSIX
compliant?
No, I was pointing out the absurdity of saying that the Windows
kernel layer is POSIX compliant, which is what the post I was
replying to seemed to be saying.
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Steven D'Aprano wrote:
But if it were (let's say) 1 ULP greater or less
than one half, would we even know?
In practice it's probably somewhat bigger than 1 ULP.
A typical PRNG will first generate a 32-bit integer and
then map it to a float, giving a resolution coarser than
the 52 bits of an IEE
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
Never mind -- it turned out I had an "index.html" file in the directory
which had been wget'ed from LiveJournal.
That's okay, then. The other possibility was that your computer
had been recruited into an evil botnet set up by LiveJournal
to create backup servers for their
Michael Lamparski wrote:
In any case, it's verifiably not true for CPython.
Yes, CPython uses a particularly good PRNG. You may not be
as lucky using libraries that come with other languages.
A great many PRNG algorithms have been proposed, and a
good proportion of them produce 32-bit ints as
Peter Pearson wrote:
What applications would have to worry about colliding floats? I
don't know. I'm coming from cryptology, where worrying about such
things becomes a reflex.
If collisions are something to be feared, then you're into
hash territory, where you're probably going to want *much*
Gene Heskett wrote:
The courts weren't amused. I don't know as any of us ever cut those
patent troll turkey's a check,
Patent troll turkeys: Don't cut them checks, cut their necks!
(Insert suitable stock photo of a turkey about to have its
head removed.)
--
Greg
--
https://mail.python.org/mai
MRAB wrote:
So those with the most money can buy the most protection?
That's the way it works with patents...
--
Greg
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Chris Angelico wrote:
Open source would not exist without copyright,because it is
copyright law that gives license terms their meaning.
That statement doesn't make any sense. If there were no
copyright laws, there would be no need for licences to
distribute software.
You seem to be saying that
Gene Heskett wrote:
Finder, if thats what you are using, I am not familiar with it, is
probably showing you that which it has cached, before that folder was
created.
The Finder is usually pretty good at noticing things like that.
I just tried creating a directory using a shell command while
t
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