-v2 # exit=1
# 0
# SUMMARY: PASS=10 SKIP=0 FAIL=1
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Cc: Waiman Long
Cc: Anshuman Khandual
Cc: Dev Jain
Cc: Kirill A. Shuemov
Cc: Shuah Khan
---
.../selftests/mm/hugetlb_reparenting_test.sh | 96 ---
1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 55 deletions
ain: 0x - FAILED
# mmap(ADDR_SWITCH_HINT - PAGE_SIZE, 2*HUGETLB_SIZE, MAP_HUGETLB):
0x - FAILED
# mmap(ADDR_SWITCH_HINT , 2*HUGETLB_SIZE, MAP_FIXED | MAP_HUGETLB):
0x - FAILED
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
.../selftests/mm/va_high_addr_switch
zed in this
function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
kfree(kbs);
^~~~~~
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c | 2 ++
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
diff --git a/drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c b/drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c
index 7763862..62f1ecb 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c
+
uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
kfree(kbs);
^~~~~~
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c | 4 ++--
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c b/drivers/tty/vt/keyboard.c
index 7763862..3e73d55 100644
--- a/d
Fix the warning: [-Werror=-Wframe-larger-than=]
drivers/vhost/vhost.c: In function log_used:
drivers/vhost/vhost.c:1906:1:
warning: the frame size of 1040 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
drivers/vhost/vhost.c | 2 +-
drivers/vhost/vhost.h | 1 +
2 files changed, 2
Fix the warning: [-Werror=-Wframe-larger-than=]
drivers/vhost/vhost.c: In function log_used:
drivers/vhost/vhost.c:1906:1:
warning: the frame size of 1040 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
drivers/vhost/vhost.c | 14 ++
1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 4
m_region_hash dm_log dm_mod
--
Regards,
Li Wang
ptsas libata
nvme_fc scsi_transport_sas nvme_fabrics mptscsih nvme_core
crc32c_intel mptbase scsi_transport_fc dca i2c_algo_bit dm_mirror
dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod
[ 8162.621090] CR2: 00b8
On Tue, Jun 19, 2018 at 6:41 PM, Li Wang wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'm hitting t
On 30 May 2018 at 20:53, Dan Streetman wrote:
> On Wed, May 30, 2018 at 6:39 AM, Li Wang wrote:
>> The '/sys/../zswap/stored_pages:' keep raising in zswap test with
>> "zswap.max_pool_percent=0" parameter. But theoretically, it should
>> not compress
ded: ltp_insmod01]
[ 5916.043814] CR2: 00b8
[ 5916.047513] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference
at 00b8
[ 5916.047537] ---[ end trace 1dddacfb06305174 ]---
--
Regards,
Li Wang
tored_pages will keep
changing.
To solve the issue, this patch adds zswap_is_full() check again after
zswap_shrink() to make sure it's now under the max_pool_percent, and
not to compress/store if reach its limitaion.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Cc: Seth Jennings
Cc: Dan Streetman
Cc: Huan
size by zswap_shrink(). If the
pool size
has been shrinked a little success, zswap will do compress/store pages again.
Then we
get fails on that as above.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Cc: Seth Jennings
Cc: Dan Streetman
Cc: Huang Ying
Cc: Yu Zhao
---
mm/zswap.c | 5 +
1 file changed,
x14
-8<---
Any response will be appreciated!
--
Regards,
Li Wang
Email: wangli.a...@gmail.com
On Thu, Oct 26, 2017 at 6:16 PM, Martin Schwidefsky
wrote:
> On Thu, 26 Oct 2017 17:47:39 +0800
> Li Wang wrote:
>
>> On Thu, Oct 26, 2017 at 5:26 PM, Martin Schwidefsky
>> wrote:
>> > On Thu, 26 Oct 2017 15:36:10 +0800
>> > Li Wang wrote:
>> >
On Thu, Oct 26, 2017 at 5:26 PM, Martin Schwidefsky
wrote:
> On Thu, 26 Oct 2017 15:36:10 +0800
> Li Wang wrote:
>
>> That would be very hard to get -ENOMEM returned in crst_table_upgrade()
>> because the condition(addr + len <= TASK_SIZE) makes all 'end
table_upgrade)
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
arch/s390/mm/mmap.c| 6 ++
arch/s390/mm/pgalloc.c | 3 +--
2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c b/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c
index 5bea139..8ddb13a 100644
--- a/arch/s390/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/arch/s39
cache: 64K
L1i cache: 32K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-15
NUMA node1 CPU(s):
--
Li Wang
liw...@redhat.com
sorry, ping for comments~
On 15 November 2016 at 17:19, Li Wang wrote:
> put_compat_statfs64() does NOT return -1 and setting errno to EOVERFLOW
> when some variables(like: f_bsize) overflowed in the returned struct.
>
> The reason is that the ubuf->f_blocks is __u64 type,
/a.out
sizeof f_bsize = 4, f_bsize=0
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/compat.c | 6 +++---
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/compat.c b/fs/compat.c
index bd064a2..543b48c 100644
--- a/fs/compat.c
+++ b/fs/compat.c
@@ -253,9 +253,9 @@ static int put_compat_statfs(struct
On Mon, Nov 07, 2016 at 11:03:11AM -0700, Andreas Dilger wrote:
> On Nov 7, 2016, at 3:21 AM, Li Wang wrote:
> >
> > statfs64() does NOT return -1 and setting errno to EOVERFLOW when some
> > variables(like: f_bsize) overflowed in the returned struct.
> >
>
return 0;
}
$ gcc -m32 statfs64_test.c
$ ./a.out
sizeof f_bsize = 4, f_bsize=0
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
Notes:
This is my first patch to kernel fs part, I'm not sure if
this one useful, but just want someone have a look.
thanks~
fs/statfs.c | 17 +++
flash erasing maybe block writing operation.
make erasing operation sleep, when the other thread is in wait queue.
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b0] sys_ioctl+0x94/0x108
[dbc6df40] [c0010d04] ret_from_syscall+0x0/0x4
--- Exception: c01 at 0xff586a0
LR = 0xff58608
=
So, if there is any thread in wait queue, puts erasing operation into queue.
It makes writing operation have chance to run.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
drivers/mtd/chips
Hi,
On 01/03/2014 07:55 AM, Andrew Morton wrote:
On Mon, 30 Dec 2013 21:45:17 +0800 Li Wang wrote:
Analogous to shrink_dcache_parent except that it collects inodes.
It is not very appropriate to be put in dcache.c, but d_walk can only
be invoked from here.
Please cc Dave Chinner on future
Do we really need clean dcache/icache at the current stage?
That will introduce more code work, so far, iput() will put
those unreferenced inodes into superblock lru list. To free
the inodes inside a specific directory, it seems we do not
have a handy API to use, and need
modify iput() to recogniz
e enough to buffer all the four
directories, so 'cp -r 3 4' will result in some
entries of '1' to be evicted (due to LRU). When re-accessing '1',
some entries need be reloaded from disk, which is time-consuming.
In this case, cleaning '2' before 'cp -r 3 4'
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
mm/fadvise.c |4
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
diff --git a/mm/fadvise.c b/mm/fadvise.c
index 3bcfd81..644d32d 100644
--- a/mm/fadvise.c
+++ b/mm/fadvise.c
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(fadvise64_64, int, fd, loff_t
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
include/linux/dcache.h |1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
diff --git a/include/linux/dcache.h b/include/linux/dcache.h
index bf72e9a..6262171 100644
--- a/include/linux/dcache.h
+++ b/include/linux/dcache.h
@@ -249,6 +249,7
Analogous to shrink_dcache_parent except that it collects inodes.
It is not very appropriate to be put in dcache.c, but d_walk can only
be invoked from here.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/dcache.c | 36
1 file changed, 36
that the page
does not be cached in fscache, then it decides to write this page into
fscache, during this process in cachefiles_write_page(), it found that
object->store_limit_l < 4096 (page->index << 12), it causes panic. Does
it make sense?
Cheers,
Li Wang
On 2013/12/27 6:51,
From: Yunchuan Wen
Add an interface to explicitly synchronize object->store_limit[_l]
with inode->i_size
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
Signed-off-by: Min Chen
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/cache.h | 10 ++
1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/cache.h b/f
From: Yunchuan Wen
Synchronize object->store_limit[_l] with new inode->i_size after file writing.
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
Signed-off-by: Min Chen
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/file.c |3 +++
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/file.c b/fs/ceph/file.c
From: Yunchuan Wen
The following scripts could easily panic the kernel,
#!/bin/bash
mount -t ceph -o fsc MONADDR:/ cephfs
rm -rf cephfs/foo
dd if=/dev/zero of=cephfs/foo bs=8 count=512
echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
dd if=cephfs/foo of=/dev/null bs=8 count=1024
This is due to when writing a
, the initialization may have not completed, the code will
reach the ASSERT in fscache_submit_exclusive_op() to cause kernel
bug.
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
Signed-off-by: Min Chen
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/cache.c |1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/cache.c
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/cache.h | 13 +
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/cache.h b/fs/ceph/cache.h
index ba94940..da95f61 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/cache.h
+++ b/fs/ceph/cache.h
@@ -67,6 +67,14 @@ static inline int ceph_release_fscache_page(struct page
Currently, if one new page allocated into fscache in readpage(), however,
with no data read into due to error encountered during reading from OSDs,
the slot in fscache is not uncached. This patch fixes this.
Li Wang (2):
ceph: Introduce a routine for uncaching single no data page from
Currently, if one new page allocated into fscache in readpage(), however,
with no data read into due to error encountered during reading from OSDs,
the slot in fscache is not uncached. This patch fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion
think we may start with making 'fadvise' could handle directory level
page cache cleaning.
On 2013/12/18 6:05, Dave Chinner wrote:
On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 07:00:04AM -0800, Li Wang wrote:
Currently, Linux only support file system wide VFS
cache (dentry cache and page cache) cleaning thr
This extension is just add-on extension. The original debugging
capability is still there, and more flexible debugging is now allowed.
On 2013/12/17 17:12, Li Zefan wrote:
On 2013/12/17 15:23, Li Wang wrote:
If we do wanna equip fadvise() with directory level page cache cleaning,
this could be
y, the old semantics keep unchanged, and with add-on
features to do finer granularity cache cleaning should be also
desirable.
On 2013/12/17 11:58, Matthew Wilcox wrote:
On Tue, Dec 17, 2013 at 11:08:16AM +0800, Li Wang wrote:
As far as we know, fadvise(DONTNEED) does not support metadata
cache cl
directory?
On 2013/12/17 1:45, Cong Wang wrote:
On Mon, Dec 16, 2013 at 7:00 AM, Li Wang wrote:
This patch extend the 'drop_caches' interface to
support directory level cache cleaning and has a complete
backward compatibility. '{1,2,3}' keeps the same semantics
as befo
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/drop_caches.c | 45 +
1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/drop_caches.c b/fs/drop_caches.c
index 9fd702f..ab31393 100644
--- a/fs/drop_caches.c
+++ b/fs
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
include/linux/dcache.h |1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
diff --git a/include/linux/dcache.h b/include/linux/dcache.h
index 57e87e7..ce11098 100644
--- a/include/linux/dcache.h
+++ b/include/linux/dcache.h
@@ -247,6 +247,7
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
kernel/sysctl.c |6 ++
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c
index 34a6047..2f2d8ab 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -1255,12 +1255,10 @@ static struct
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
include/linux/mm.h |3 ++-
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 1cedd00..5e3cc5b 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
#include
Analogous to shrink_dcache_parent except that it collects inodes.
It is not very appropriate to be put in dcache.c, but d_walk can only
be invoked from here.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/dcache.c | 35 +++
1 file changed, 35
#x27; to be evicted (due to LRU). When re-accessing '1',
some entries need be reloaded from disk, which is time-consuming.
In this case, cleaning '2' before accessing '3' enjoys a good
speedup, a maximum 4.29X performance improvements is achieved.
The advantage of di
Clean up if error occurred rather than going through normal process
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |3 +++
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b/fs/ceph/addr.c
index 1e561c0..97845b4 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/addr.c
+++ b/fs/ceph
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
Li Wang (2):
ceph: Clean up if error occurred in finish_read()
ceph: Add necessary clean up if invalid reply received in
handle_reply()
fs/ceph/addr.c|3 +++
net/ceph/osd_client.c |7 +++
2 files changed, 10
Wake up possible waiters, invoke the call back if any, unregister the request
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
net/ceph/osd_client.c |7 +++
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
diff --git a/net/ceph/osd_client.c b/net/ceph/osd_client.c
index 2b4b32a..a17eaae 100644
Hi Yan,
zero_user_segment() has invoked flush_dcache_page() for us, we donnot
wanna flush d-cache twice.
Cheers,
Li Wang
On 11/13/2013 09:19 PM, Yan, Zheng wrote:
On Wed, Nov 13, 2013 at 3:22 PM, Li Wang wrote:
If the length of data to be read in readpage() is exactly
PAGE_CACHE_SIZE
If the length of data to be read in readpage() is exactly
PAGE_CACHE_SIZE, the original code does not flush d-cache
for data consistency after finishing reading. This patches fixes
this.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |8 ++--
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions
Currently, if one page allocated into fscache in readpage(), however, with
no-data read, it is not uncached. This patch fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/cifs/file.c |4 +++-
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/fs/cifs/file.c b/fs/cifs/file.c
index 7f2
Currently, if one page allocated into fscache in readpage(), however, with
no-data read, it is not uncached. This patch fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b/fs/ceph/addr.c
index 6df8bd4..be5f4b6 100644
Introduce a routine for uncaching single no-data page, typically
in readpage().
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/cache.h | 13 +
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/cache.h b/fs/ceph/cache.h
index ba94940..eb0ec76 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/cache.h
+++ b/fs/ceph
Implement the routine for uncaching single no-data page, typically
in readpage().
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/cifs/fscache.c |7 +++
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/cifs/fscache.c b/fs/cifs/fscache.c
index 8d4b7bc..168f184 100644
--- a/fs/cifs/fscache.c
+++ b/fs/cifs
Introduce a new API fscache_readpage_cancel() for uncaching one single
no-data page from fscache.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
include/linux/fscache.h | 11 +++
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
diff --git a/include/linux/fscache.h b/include/linux/fscache.h
index 115bb81..f1ed21f 100644
Similar to the routine for multiple pages except
that it takes page * as input rather than list head *.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/fscache/page.c |8
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/fscache/page.c b/fs/fscache/page.c
index 7f5c658..0c69f72 100644
--- a/fs
Currently, the page allocated into fscache in readpage()
for Cifs and Ceph does not be uncached if no data read due
to io error. This patch fixes this. fscache_readpages_cancel()
is for this kind of job but taking list read * as input, so
a new routine take page * as input is introduced.
Li
Introduce a routine for uncaching single no-data page, typically
in readpage().
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/cifs/fscache.h | 13 +
1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)
diff --git a/fs/cifs/fscache.h b/fs/cifs/fscache.h
index 24794b6..c712f42 100644
--- a/fs/cifs/fscache.h
+++ b/fs
ceph_osdc_readpages() returns number of bytes read, currently,
the code only allocate full-zero page into fscache, this patch
fixes this.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b/fs/ceph/addr.c
index
will not
bother too much. So our goal is to implement both, we plan to submit it
as a blueprint at the incoming CDS.
It would be great if you could help review and give comments on our
codes during the development. Again, thanks very much.
Cheers,
Li Wang
On 11/02/2013 12:51 AM, Milosz Tanski
.
Signed-off-by: Min Chen
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/addr.c | 10 +++---
fs/ceph/cache.c | 29 +
fs/ceph/cache.h | 13 +
3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b/fs/ceph/addr.c
Currently, the pages in fscache only are updated in writepage() path,
add the process in writepages().
Signed-off-by: Min Chen
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/addr.c |8 +---
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b
This patch implements fallocate and punch hole support for Ceph kernel client.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
Against v3:
Passed the fsx test from xfstests.
Truncate rather than delete the first object. Thanks go to Sage and Zheng for
the explanation.
Silence the OSD
This patch implements fallocate and punch hole support for Ceph kernel client.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
Passed the fsx test from xfstests.
Truncate rather than delete the first object. Thanks go to Sage and Zheng for
the explanation.
---
fs/ceph/file.c
: Fix idle consolidation fallout")
In that defect, it does not use idle framework driver, just call
amd_e400_idle().
That problem is that amd_e400_idle() does not enable irq.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
---
arch/x86/kernel/process.c |2 --
1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/
This patch implements fallocate and punch hole support for Ceph kernel client.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
Passed the fsx test from xfstests.
---
fs/ceph/file.c| 191 +
net/ceph/osd_client.c |8 ++-
2 files
h // leave
MDS to merge
mark cap and inode dirty to send (maybe part of) written data to MDS
if (pos + len >= CEPH_INLINE_SIZE)
let state = CEPH_INLINE_MIGRATION
write the remaining data to OSD
else
do the normal write to OSD
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchu
This patch implements punch hole (fallocate) support for Ceph.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/file.c| 313
+
net/ceph/osd_client.c |8 +-
2 files changed, 319 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff
This patch implements punch hole (fallocate) support against
Linux kernel 3.8-rc3.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/file.c| 248 +
net/ceph/osd_client.c | 17 +++-
2 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 5
This patch implements punch hole (fallocate) support for Ceph kernel
file system client.
We prepared two patches based on different kernel versions, one against
kernel 3.8-rc3, the other against the latest 3.10-rc5. It is because
unfortunately, we failed to set up a workable Ceph system with the cl
This patch implements punch hole (fallocate) support against
Linux kernel 3.10-rc5.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
---
fs/ceph/file.c| 245 +
net/ceph/osd_client.c |8 +-
2 files changed, 251 insertions(+), 2
For hole punching, currently ext4 will synchronously write back the
dirty pages fit into the hole, since the data on the disk responding
to those pages are to be deleted, it is benefical to directly release
those pages, no matter they are dirty or not, except the ordered case.
Signed-off-by: Li
For hole punching, currently ext4 will synchronously write back the
dirty pages fit into the hole, since the data on the disk responding
to those pages are to be deleted, it is benefical to directly release
those pages, no matter they are dirty or not, except the ordered case.
Signed-off-by: Li
For hole punching, currently ext4 will synchronously write back the
dirty pages fit into the hole, since the data on the disk responding
to those pages are to be deleted, it is benefical to directly release
those pages, no matter they are dirty or not, except the ordered case.
Signed-off-by: Li
to our test on a machine with
Intel Core 2 Duo processor, iozone 'write' operation on an existing
file with write size being multiple of page size will enjoy a steady
3x speedup.
Signed-off-by: Li Wang
Signed-off-by: Yunchuan Wen
Reviewed-by: Tyler Hicks
---
fs/ecryptfs/mma
For file system created on file-backed loop device, there will be two-levels of
page cache present, which typically doubles the memory consumption.
In many cases, it is beneficial to turn on the O_DIRECT option while performing
the upper file system file IO, to bypass the upper page cache, which
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