I think there is a third factor - the means by which people acquire
misinformation. For example, a statement from the first article Glen cited:
"The President of the United States insists that hydroxychloroquine, a drug
often used to treat malaria, is a real “game changer” for COVID-19 and has
So, I try to be on the lookout for my triggers that are said to contribute to
the spread of misinformation [†]. So, when I find 2 seemingly good arguments
with conflicting reasoning and conclusions, it's an opportunity to test my
bias. The first one attributes the spread of misinfo to scientific
