[FFmpeg-cvslog] avformat/mov: read PCM audio configuration box ('pcmC') if available

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Baykalov <4ru...@gmail.com> | Tue Jun 7 15:26:18 2022 +0700| [cbe216d3a62fe22b16a1ba40b9b3f13e5b4ac9a9] | committer: Marton Balint avformat/mov: read PCM audio configuration box ('pcmC') if available For ipcm and fpcm streams, big-endian forma

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavformat/isom: Add more language mappings

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Baykalov <4ru...@gmail.com> | Wed Apr 27 18:00:02 2022 +0700| [58880a8ea8d1aa0497e88f0da4e88455db9ba723] | committer: Anton Khirnov libavformat/isom: Add more language mappings mov_mdhd_language_map table doesn't contain ISO 639 codes for some of the l

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Fix visual glitch with XvMC, caused by wrong idct permutation.

ffmpeg | branch: release/3.4 | Ivan Kalvachev | Mon Oct 9 01:25:00 2017 +0300| [a11a18b284afd5ac58fd3b1835f8a3608c4ebc9f] | committer: Michael Niedermayer Fix visual glitch with XvMC, caused by wrong idct permutation. In the past XvMC forced simple_idct since it was using FF_IDCT_PERM_NONE

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Fix crash if av_vdpau_bind_context() is not used.

ffmpeg | branch: release/3.4 | Ivan Kalvachev | Mon Oct 9 02:40:26 2017 +0300| [7fb85ad3607a3fdde682ea74d6f6bcefe1f582dd] | committer: Carl Eugen Hoyos Fix crash if av_vdpau_bind_context() is not used. The public functions av_alloc_vdpaucontext() and av_vdpau_alloc_context() are allocating

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Fix crash if av_vdpau_bind_context() is not used.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Kalvachev | Mon Oct 9 02:40:26 2017 +0300| [3a6ded7cfcb33e06ade98c5791eae06453f65668] | committer: Carl Eugen Hoyos Fix crash if av_vdpau_bind_context() is not used. The public functions av_alloc_vdpaucontext() and av_vdpau_alloc_context() are allocating

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Fix visual glitch with XvMC, caused by wrong idct permutation.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Kalvachev | Mon Oct 9 01:25:00 2017 +0300| [9054439bad3307dafd9fbadc57e66c276baf22e2] | committer: Michael Niedermayer Fix visual glitch with XvMC, caused by wrong idct permutation. In the past XvMC forced simple_idct since it was using FF_IDCT_PERM_NONE

[FFmpeg-cvslog] opus_pvq_search: Restore the proper use of conditional define and simplify the function name suffix handling.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Kalvachev | Sat Aug 19 14:29:40 2017 +0300| [43dab86bcd863739ce51a2742c9f4f5527b5ec7c] | committer: Rostislav Pehlivanov opus_pvq_search: Restore the proper use of conditional define and simplify the function name suffix handling. Using named define properly

Re: [FFmpeg-cvslog] opus_pvq_search: split functions into exactness and only use the exact if its faster

I ask for revert, instead you commit more on it. Ignoring everything I said on irc and in mail. On 8/18/17, Rostislav Pehlivanov wrote: > ffmpeg | branch: master | Rostislav Pehlivanov | Fri > Aug 18 19:29:33 2017 +0100| [3c99523a2864af729a8576c3fffe81fb884fa0d5] | > committer: Rostislav Pehliva

Re: [FFmpeg-cvslog] opus_pvq_search: only use rsqrtps approximation on CPUs with avx

_APPROXIMATION == 1 > +%if !cpuflag(avx) > rcpss xm1, xm1 ; m1 = approx(1/Sx) > mulss xm0, xm1 ; m0 = K*(1/Sx) > %else > The whole patch could be replaced with one liner: @@ -391,5 +391,7 @@ PVQ_FAST_SEARCH INIT_XMM sse4 PVQ_FAST_SEARCH +%define USE_APPROXIMATION 0 + INIT_XMM avx PVQ_FAST_SEARCH Best Regards Ivan Kalvachev ___ ffmpeg-cvslog mailing list ffmpeg-cvslog@ffmpeg.org http://ffmpeg.org/mailman/listinfo/ffmpeg-cvslog

[FFmpeg-cvslog] SIMD opus pvq_search implementation

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Kalvachev | Thu Jun 8 22:24:33 2017 +0300| [7205513f8f4b32c403c733d7d2ce2f440837397d] | committer: Rostislav Pehlivanov SIMD opus pvq_search implementation Explanation on the workings and methods used by the Pyramid Vector Quantization Search function could be

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Add macros to x86util.asm .

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Kalvachev | Sat Aug 5 20:18:50 2017 +0300| [30ae07d7ef3555ec45fa53098849223fff204475] | committer: Rostislav Pehlivanov Add macros to x86util.asm . Improved version of VBROADCASTSS that works like the avx2 instruction. Emulation of vpbroadcastd. Horizontal sum

Re: [FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/vp56: Implement very basic error concealment

On 2/25/17, Michael Niedermayer wrote: > ffmpeg | branch: master | Michael Niedermayer | Sat > Feb 25 12:37:32 2017 +0100| [d34bf886e963445350c4987f7a9ed77bd9c9a5c7] | > committer: Michael Niedermayer > > avcodec/vp56: Implement very basic error concealment > > This should fix the fate failure du

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec_h2645.c: switch to the new BSF API

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sun Jul 24 14:04:36 2016 -0400| [b93e2233155e6c1f0a074cad4135a70d9d2934d3] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec_h2645.c: switch to the new BSF API This patch applies same changes as commit e3dfef8e3c85a64dbe6388117303f5819fa3c6a2 of libav

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Revert "Merge commit '3c53627ac17fc6bdea5029be57da1e03b32d265d'"

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sun Jul 24 09:59:42 2016 -0400| [b4054100f675b395204f1a0471fba0b06fe08e9f] | committer: Michael Niedermayer Revert "Merge commit '3c53627ac17fc6bdea5029be57da1e03b32d265d'" This reverts commit d30cf57a7b2097b565db02ecfffbdc9c16423d0

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavformat/flvenc: refactoring: extracted method for writing codec headers

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan | Thu Jun 9 22:12:09 2016 -0400| [52985768afd27c9a582ece03d2c49556578ea90e] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavformat/flvenc: refactoring: extracted method for writing codec headers Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavformat/flvenc: support for codec configuration change mid stream

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan | Thu Jun 9 22:12:10 2016 -0400| [c1f57e2f91e250e83830099e3cadeec4f0080bc2] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavformat/flvenc: support for codec configuration change mid stream Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: release/2.5 | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [2bb9f5d6074a08c9b7c1567c463e6cc3cdf2b450] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: release/2.6 | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [f3ec2a0859f04b825ba4282275d41c1ebe735cc7] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: release/2.7 | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [0696a555b6a516ce569bb2320b512dc790e747b4] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

[FFmpeg-cvslog] qsv: Fix wrong ticks_per_frame for H.264

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Apr 26 10:13:04 2016 -0400| [b577a54a7c83986e59d2227c00a0227911c75452] | committer: Derek Buitenhuis qsv: Fix wrong ticks_per_frame for H.264 For H.264 stream ticks_per_frame should be 2, as per the docs. Signed-off-by: Derek Buitenhuis > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: release/2.8 | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [70b3e170f97f4c897f12cdcdaa226d910ea88bb7] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

Re: [FFmpeg-cvslog] intrax8: Use a constant buffer instead of a ScratchpadContext

On 4/24/16, Vittorio Giovara wrote: > ffmpeg | branch: master | Vittorio Giovara | > Fri Feb 19 20:50:00 2016 -0500| [65f14128c4bcf8fcd9d3ba1e20b7a22057c9cfb0] | > committer: Vittorio Giovara > > intrax8: Use a constant buffer instead of a ScratchpadContext > > The size of the block is fixed (8x8

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: release/3.0 | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [76573c5239fb7d293cc350807f02cc3e91bff18d] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan | Tue Apr 12 16:32:04 2016 -0400| [3a727606c474d3d0b9efa3c900294a84bdb5e331] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/h264: Fix for H.264 configuration parsing Sometimes video fails to decode if H.264 configuration changes mid stream. The reason is that

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avformat/flvenc: copyts in FLV muxer

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan | Mon Jan 25 14:43:40 2016 +0200| [a0174f67298ba9494c146183dd360e637b03db64] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avformat/flvenc: copyts in FLV muxer The purpose of this patch is to preserve timestamps when using ffmpeg for publishing RTMP streams, e.g. ffmpeg -i

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: correct flush() handler has been implemented

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Aug 6 12:10:24 2015 -0400| [3f8e2e9953240365361e939ca2ecd788dd5bef59] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: correct flush() handler has been implemented Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: correct handling of dynamic frame size changing has been implemented

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Aug 4 06:40:06 2015 -0400| [cc167f7e55dafdeeca7ac9622331db8d8f6cb463] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: correct handling of dynamic frame size changing has been implemented Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: the ff_get_format() missed at refactoring has been restored

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Aug 6 09:14:59 2015 -0400| [fffae8e605c8a665eac0ae63c3c84f60efbec73e] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: the ff_get_format() missed at refactoring has been restored Reviewed-by: Hendrik Leppkes Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: Extended error messages for MFXVideoDECODE_Init() result

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Aug 6 09:30:42 2015 -0400| [44857e7a3696bf1a3521be8c0b7354d04af68721] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: Extended error messages for MFXVideoDECODE_Init() result Reviewed-by: Hendrik Leppkes Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/ qsvdec.c delay in 1 microsecond replaced to more appropriate 500 microseconds

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Fri Jul 24 07:45:38 2015 -0400| [9f543e01afe38996f409b4bf85ef738cda118006] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c delay in 1 microsecond replaced to more appropriate 500 microseconds Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/ qsvenc.c delay in 1 microsecond replaced to more appropriate 500 microseconds

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jul 28 18:30:56 2015 +0300| [947c2aa4567782be64411a953a5b294976463e19] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c delay in 1 microsecond replaced to more appropriate 500 microseconds This commit replaces the 1 microsecond delay by 500

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/hevc_mp4toannexb_bsf.c: Optional argument "private_spspps_buf" to avoid extradata modification.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jul 28 09:33:43 2015 -0400| [0b8b18b4fbbd800849d5381a7a90d0e2fcfe6a22] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/hevc_mp4toannexb_bsf.c: Optional argument "private_spspps_buf" to avoid extradata modification. Signed-off-by: Michael N

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: using "private_spspps_buf" argument for av_bitstream_filter_filter() to avoid failure after decoder re-initialization.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sat Jul 25 15:56:08 2015 -0400| [684b7038436fba1a29e51861998dbf24681144d8] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: using "private_spspps_buf" argument for av_bitstream_filter_filter() to avoid failure after decoder re-init

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/h264_mp4toannexb_bsf.c: Optional argument "private_spspps_buf" to avoid extradata modification.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sat Jul 25 16:11:30 2015 -0400| [1defff85cb2cc98b4d7053415caed773586a1253] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/h264_mp4toannexb_bsf.c: Optional argument "private_spspps_buf" to avoid extradata modification. Signed-off-by: Michael N

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec: Add QSV VC-1 video decoder.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sat Jul 25 12:28:11 2015 -0400| [fb57bc6c34b979bec995e714162fdfb4caf6db1a] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec: Add QSV VC-1 video decoder. Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git/?a=commi

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec: Add QSV MPEG-2 video decoder.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sat Jul 25 10:45:20 2015 -0400| [6d0123f40e2a94ae3f215af4d598919bc72b9b07] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec: Add QSV MPEG-2 video decoder. Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git/?a=commi

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: packet buffering has been removed since qsvdec.c does maintain own data buffering now.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jul 21 08:32:09 2015 -0400| [0b159e3b65d53cbb7e66a1e10850927275fb2a1e] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: packet buffering has been removed since qsvdec.c does maintain own data buffering now. Signed-off-by: Michael

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: The ff_qsv_decode() now guarantees the consumption of whole packet.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Fri Jul 24 06:26:14 2015 -0400| [c90dbc67ed6b849cc3e7f24d83cef3d015f2c3d0] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: The ff_qsv_decode() now guarantees the consumption of whole packet. Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: refactoring: functionality of qsv_process_data() has been moved into qsvdec.c

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Jul 23 05:14:41 2015 -0400| [d50ab820dacf0d070805889ff69ec1f03401d835] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: refactoring: functionality of qsv_process_data() has been moved into qsvdec.c Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: SPS parsing is now performed by MFXVideoDECODE_DecodeHeader() in libavcodec/qsvdec.c

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Mon Jul 20 11:07:34 2015 -0400| [1acb19d12bcd259c3b2be39fb3149ced5916b56e] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec_h264.c: SPS parsing is now performed by MFXVideoDECODE_DecodeHeader() in libavcodec/qsvdec.c Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvdec.c: missed MFXVideoDECODE_Close() call

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Mon Jul 20 09:48:29 2015 -0400| [264ba3d847f93a5be8989d139a6bd4abce195304] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvdec.c: missed MFXVideoDECODE_Close() call Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Adding myself as maintainer for qsv*

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Fri Jul 17 04:38:57 2015 -0400| [fec0485c43803172ef11b5fcd06e70500fc9dfe6] | committer: Michael Niedermayer Adding myself as maintainer for qsv* Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.cgi/ffmpeg.git/?a=commi

[FFmpeg-cvslog] Refactoring to move common QSV-related code part into libavcodec/qsvdec.c

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jul 14 07:07:04 2015 -0400| [6e127990fa9ea9776a74041080ff2a9ce8a39767] | committer: Michael Niedermayer Refactoring to move common QSV-related code part into libavcodec/qsvdec.c Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsv.c: Issue fixed: QSV engine does not release display handler under linux platform.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Mon Jul 13 10:17:54 2015 -0400| [ce91bab70f69acc1a7e5705af95cc6fa89765825] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsv.c: Issue fixed: QSV engine does not release display handler under linux platform. Reviewed-by: Gwenole Beauchesne Signed-off-by

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvenc.c: improving handling for return codes of MFXVideoENCODE_EncodeFrameAsync

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Jul 9 22:01:00 2015 +0300| [5985316fba3b886699cc7f237bf10466d113fd08] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c: improving handling for return codes of MFXVideoENCODE_EncodeFrameAsync Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvenc.c: Fix for too agressive height alignment during frame encoding which may be reason of superflous frame copying.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Jul 9 16:49:36 2015 +0300| [dbf8352a2e8710014d5234e8e2c8294758c1ec62] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c: Fix for too agressive height alignment during frame encoding which may be reason of superflous frame copying. Signed-off-by

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvenc.c: fix incorrect loop condition.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jul 7 20:33:36 2015 +0300| [b409748bc4412fa2d8e642585c4e5ab8a4d136cb] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c: fix incorrect loop condition. For example, the encoder may return MFX_WRN_INCOMPATIBLE_VIDEO_PARAM warning i.e. ret==5 old

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsv.c: Linux-only code part has been moved to separate function in order to avoid the "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code" compiler warning.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Mon Jul 6 18:04:13 2015 +0300| [9c95734e1c0f1a086d1c71b65c29355ef6f7785d] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsv.c: Linux-only code part has been moved to separate function in order to avoid the "ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvenc.c: A warning message when library will work at partial hardware acceleration.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Mon Jul 6 16:58:33 2015 +0300| [115c14c3b6644181e0331bfbda7f86c61e939a7d] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c: A warning message when library will work at partial hardware acceleration. Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] libavcodec/qsvenc.c: More correct selection of alignment of a frame height depending whether an encoded sequence progressive or not.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Sat Jul 4 15:33:26 2015 +0300| [38402754b97745125b25d38bf525fe46cace9370] | committer: Michael Niedermayer libavcodec/qsvenc.c: More correct selection of alignment of a frame height depending whether an encoded sequence progressive or not. Signed-off

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/qsvenc_h264: Change the set of performance presets to match with the MFX library constants.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Thu Jul 2 19:09:12 2015 +0300| [6e5864ab294c45814e6d417546f885a0c7dfb7cc] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/qsvenc_h264: Change the set of performance presets to match with the MFX library constants. Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > h

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avcodec/qsv: Extending QSV/ MFX session initialization for the linux platform where a display handle is required.

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Uskov | Tue Jun 30 20:13:09 2015 +0300| [db89f45535aa3e99bceb5f6bf957c90e7ca39841] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avcodec/qsv: Extending QSV/MFX session initialization for the linux platform where a display handle is required. Now ff_qsv_init_internal_session

[FFmpeg-cvslog] avfilter/drawtext: fix frame mem leak

ffmpeg | branch: master | Ivan Efimov | Fri Apr 10 17:28:45 2015 +0300| [2051b401cc7e9ec9051c7f575d639944a9869b67] | committer: Michael Niedermayer avfilter/drawtext: fix frame mem leak Signed-off-by: Ivan Efimov Signed-off-by: Michael Niedermayer > http://git.videolan.org/gitweb.