Re: Debian: LDAP migration

1. Export your data to LDIF using `slapcat` https://www.openldap.org/software/man.cgi?query=slapcat 2. Install Debian 11 with OpenLDAP on some test machine 3. import LDIF using `ldapadd` or `ldapmodify` and see if it works https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-ldif-files-to-m

Re: Permission Questions

> > > Is there something special with /tmp? > Do you have sticky bit on `/tmp`? > For directories, when a directory's sticky bit is set, the filesystem treats the files in such directories in a special way so only the file's owner, the directory's owner, or root user can rename or delete the file

Re: How to avoid systemd/udev unpredictable NIC names

On Mon, Aug 30, 2021 at 11:36 PM Steve Keller wrote: > So I'm still confused what to do after the upgrade to buster to keep > my network names. > > > in /etc/default/grub add "net.ifnames=0" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX and execute "update-grub" This service: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system

Re: How to avoid systemd/udev unpredictable NIC names

> > This gives unpredictable results if the system has more than one > ethernet interface, or more than one wireless interface. > > It's fine on systems that have 0-1 ethernet and 0-1 wireless NICs. > Isn't that what the topic starter asked about?:) To make names predictable one can either leave

Why ``color_prompt`` is only set for ``xterm``?

Hi .bashrc on bullseye contains following lines ``` # set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color) case "$TERM" in xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;; esac ``` So we only have colors in the terminal emulator, but not in virtual linux console. This could be fixed by

Re: How to format with stride/stripe_width options during install

> > Installing Debian 11 with netinst CD on a server with hardware raid. > Installer has no custom format parameters option for ext4, like stride > and stripe_width. How does one format the raid partitions with these > options during OS installation? > With full DVD installer in "Advanced Options

Re: How to improve my question in stackoverflow?

> > > Moreover, the included things are files, and by convention they > have a suffix ".h", for "header". I'd expect the above to look > rather like > > #include > #include > #include > #include > #include > #include > This is true for C, but not for C++. With C++ headers could

Re: tomcat8 in debian 10/buster

> > > Does anyone know of a third-party repo which offers a tomcat8 built for > debian 10? > > Try docker: https://hub.docker.com/_/tomcat?tab=tags&page=1&ordering=last_updated You can also download Tomcat, unpack it to the /opt/, and run with java.

Re: LTS versions - confusion

> > So... what is the current LTS version and when is its EOL, and when will > the next one be released, and what will be its EOL? > In Debian world "stable" version created every several years, so you can move from one stable to another. Here is info about current versions https://wiki.debian.or

Re: Can surf the internet, but not my home network...

> > Computer A can ping computer C instead, and viceversa. No PC can access > the printer website nor print any more. Nor can I scan documents as I could > before, because the scanner is part of the printer. > > Please show "ip addr" and "ip nei show" from all Linux machines and "ipconfig" and "arp

Re: Can surf the internet, but not my home network...

> > My solution is remove the kernel module (in my case it is ath5k.ko, as it > is > an Atheros card). Removing it with "rmmod ath5k", and when I need to use > it > again, I restart it using "modprobe ath5k". > > If you are wired connected, you can try "ifconfig eth0 down" or whatever > your > ethe

Re: Debian bullseye

> > > I have been using Debian for several years and have just upgraded to > Bullseye and I wish I hadn't. It has some bug fixes in it (which were more > like minor inconveniences anyway), but Bullseye is SLOW. Its getting to be > as bad as Windows and takes forever to start up. This may help:

Re: Keep config?

> > > > just an easy question: How can I force to keep or overwrite a > configuration > during an upgrade? As I do not want it set fixed, I am searching for a > solution by setting a command. There are options for dpkg: --force-{confdef,confold,confnew} etc. See ``dpkg(1)``. Here are some exampl

strongswan still uses outdated ``ipsec(8)`` command by default

Hello. Before sending the issue to maintainers I want to ask people who use strongswan. StrongSWAN migrated from ``ipsec(8)`` to ``swanctl(8)`` and from ``strongswan-starter`` (ipsec-based) to ``strongswan`` (special version of charon that could be used with systemd). https://wiki.strongswan.org/

Re: MATE/Compiz

> But how do I automate that so Compiz starts every time I log in? > > Hi. I am not familiar with compiz, but here are some ideas. All modern DEs support xdg autostart spec: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html#startup So you can create .desktop file tha

Re: Use motherboard video-out or GPU’s

> Last but not least - why many GPUs but one monitor? It makes no sense. There is one exception called "PRIME" or dGPU: https://www.spinics.net/lists/xorg/msg59821.html https://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/435.17/README/primerenderoffload.html https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PRI

Re: Use motherboard video-out or GPU’s

> Suppose I have a good motherboard with two GPUs installed in the PCIe > slots. Now, should I connect the monitor to the motherboard video-out or > should I use GPU’s output? Motherboard output is for integrated video cards. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/57824/gr

Re: Modem MACs and how ISPs view them, was Re: on the verge of …

I will try to share my knowledge about DSL and DOCSIS (cable modems) although it may be inaccurate and/or outdated and valid only for my country. MAC address only exists in Ethernet networks or something that emulates it. Ethernet (Level 2) networks are connected with Level 3 devices called router

Re: Hardware requirements between Debian 9 and 10

> > Excuse my ignorance, I have a bit old laptop and I don't know if it would > be better > to have Debian 9 so I can, possibly, load KDE on it, or instead Debian 10 > but having to limit myself to lightweight applications only. > IMHO: it is better to use the latest Debian even on the old laptop u

Re: Hardware requirements between Debian 9 and 10

By the way: some people use bare window managers instead of full-fledged desktop environments. > Some window managers (like TWM) can run on 8MB of RAM:). The smallest one is called CWM (created by OpenBSD). https://packages.debian.org/buster/cwm but it is for these old UNIX gurus who never leave

Re: Hardware requirements between Debian 9 and 10

> > Thanks for your advice, I think my laptop is from 2013, > but it is Pineview, id est Intel Atom. > How much ram do you have? If it is 4Gb or less you should probably use i386 instead of the amd64 version of Debian. I'd start with Debian 10 and LXDE or LxQt: https://opensource.com/article/19/12

Re: Use motherboard video-out or GPU’s

> Felix Miata wrote: > > > Clear as mud. > > > > Monitor = display. This is physical. > > > > Screen for X purposes is comprised of from 1 to N displays aka 1 to N > > monitors, and most often is. It's a logical construct in which displayed > > output can be either mirrored (cloned) or discrete (un

Re: Hardware requirements between Debian 9 and 10

> > That thing of no software updates is very weird. > Windows 7 is many years old yet I can still use the latest version of > Firefox. > Yes, but you can't run the latest Chrome on the Windows XP. And you can't run it on Pentium 3 (because it doesn't support the latest SSE4). Modern software needs

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

> > > but it could have been "Shared" or "Resources". > You see what I mean? > > > A bit of history: https://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/usr.html Initial idea was to put everything that is essential for the system to boot to the root filesystem (/bin, /sbin etc). While user homes,

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

> > > [ I think even back in the early days of time-sharing, connections were > faster than 50bit/s. ] > [quote] Joy explained that the terse, single character commands and the ability to type ahead of the display were a result of the slow 300 baud modem he used when developing the software and

Re: Is there an alternative filesystem hierarchy that could be adapted to Debian.

> > > The ergonomics and aesthetics of the command line are not always reflected > in programming languages, because the environments are not the same. > Commands needed to be typed on a teletype console in the middle of the > night to fix problems. Programs could be developed at leisure, with > f

Re: Finding related package for bug report regarding display output

> > > > since 26th of February I have problems with the DisplayPort outputs > > of my Lenovo ThinkPad T470p. If I use the notebooks output I can get > > one external monitor to function but daisy chaining does not work. If > > I use the output of the docking station, the external monitors do not >

Re: How to manually install WiFi firmware on Debian Live?

> > 1-. Downloaded package firmware-realtek from package.debian.org. > 2-. Booted Debian Live. > 3-. Copied package from hard disk to the desktop (apt complains when > I load it directly). > 4-. Executed: sudo apt install firmware-realtek > 5-. Executed: sudo depmod -a > 6-. Executed: sudo modprobe

Re: Debian question

> > > I am new to debian and trying to learn about its operating system. > > I am trying to learn how processor management techniques utilized and its > functions, quantum, interrupts and multiprocessor. I am confused and trying > to find particular resources related to these topics. > You need th

Re: /home partition filling immediately after recent sid upgrade

> > tried du -sh on /home/username /* etc. > and what was the output? I use $ du -d1 | sort -n Also, try "ncdu".

Re: Debian( live version) question

> How can I change my user@debian on terminal to myname@debian. Im using > for my education purpose. > export PS1="myname@debian$ "

Re: [EVEN MORE OFFTOPIC] Re: [?] Why should Distros be called as i386 for a 32-bit PC, and as amd64 for a 64-bit PC, when Intel Core PCs are also 64bit systems

> > > No stupid memory segmentation, > IMHO segmentation was a good idea originally. You could have separate segments for code and data and since 286 it is possible to protect them (AFAIK segments were also used to separate user-space and kernel-space) But with the advent of virtual memory (386),

Re: fsck error on boot: /dev/sda1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY and Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary

> > I don't want my SSD or HDD died suddenly > You need to check smart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T. Package is called "smartmontools" https://packages.debian.org/sid/smartmontools > fdisk output also said "Partition 1 does not start on physical sector > boundary." on my sda1 > > r

Re: fsck error on boot: /dev/sda1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY and Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary

On Thu, Mar 18, 2021 at 5:28 PM Robbi Nespu wrote: > May I know why you want to check sdb instead of sda? > Oops, I made a typo:) > > /dev/sdb1 * 2048 234440703 234438656 111.8G 83 Linux > Your sdb is aligned successfully Device Boot StartEndSectors Size Id Type > /dev/

Re: fsck error on boot: /dev/sda1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY and Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary

> > > This old alignment usually only reduces performance on a 4k sector HDD. Here is output from topic starter's fdisk: === Disk /dev/sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (m

Re: fsck error on boot: /dev/sda1: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY and Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary

> > > Steady on. There's likely to be a load of personal data on this drive. > Yes, backup should be done first! > That partition table looks perfectly normal for disks of a certain vintage; > I agree, but from "fdisk" output I see 4K (advanced format). Is your drive advanced-formatted? Of cou

Re: Creating my first LAN

> > learning by doing Theory and practice are both important. It is crucial to understand how IP networks work, so I'd start with book like "TCP/IP Network Administration" > During installation > server software was installed on *ONE* of them. Communication will be > via WiFi. Did they get IP

Re: Creating my first LAN

> I have no router and the installer never prompted for an IP address. Two wireless stations could be connected using Ad-Hoc mode (so called iBSS) or using Access Point (BSS mode). If you do not have access point, you can try to configure Ad-Hoc: https://wiki.debian.org/WiFi/AdHoc WiFi is a compl

Re: `apt list` output question

> > > What is the meaning of the "stable,now" string? Here are two answers from the Debian developer https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/408944/understanding-apt-list-output https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/403177/what-is-the-format-of-the-apt-search-output-on-debian-ubuntu Btw, "ap

Re: different internet speed in debian and smart phone

> > > Firefox browser in Debian. > Internet speed checker is fast.com > Speed is 670kbps > > How do you connect your laptop to the internet? Is it a cable or wifi? What NIC are you using?

Re: different internet speed in debian and smart phone

> > Device-1: Broadcom Limited BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter > ok, this is your card. Lets see output of $ iw dev [your_dev_name] it should be $ iw dev wlan0 I believe Also, try to ping your wifi router ip address and some Internet address like $ ping 8.8.8.8 Then, check https:/

Re: Creating my first LAN

> > > You might need a x-over RJ45 cable to connect the 2 together. > There is a technology called "Auto MDI-X". With it NIC can detect cable type hence it can support both cross-cord and patch-cord. This technology is optional for 10Mb and 100Mb (although widely implemented in 100). For 1000Mb cr

Re: .profile not being src'd at login on uptodate buster

> > > The first of them will be added but not the other if I > . .profile > Try to debug it. First of all, run this from the command line: [ -d "$HOME/AppImages" ] ; echo $? result should be "0". If not, then there must be some problem with this directory (check name, case, etc). Then try set

Re: No space left when: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-5-amd64

> > > # df -h /boot > Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on > /dev/nvme0n1p1 236M 233M 0 100% /boot > > What do you recommend I do? > 1. Autoremove old automatically installed stuff $ apt purge --autoremove 2. Check packages: $ dpkg-query --show -f='${Installed-Size}\t${Package

Re: Buster 10.9 why does apt -y update followed by apt -y upgrade not proceed with upgrades

works for me: $ apt -y update && apt upgrade -y You can also use yes(1): yes | apt upgrade On Wed, Apr 7, 2021 at 5:20 PM Keith Christian wrote: > Looking on the www, some people recommend using apt-get -y upgrade or > apt-get -y install to avoid the following message: > >

Re: Buster Apache php website in other lang than os

> > > What do I need to do in Apache and in PHP for it to properly render the > language the website is written in? > > Do I need to generate the locales for the desired languages? > Do I need to also do something in Apache? > Just write your document and save it in utf-8. Be sure to include ta

Re: Is there any way to snoop on a USB port?

> > There is Windows software: > https://github.com/SnoopWare/usbsnoop > which captures USB packets in both directions. > > If you can run the Windows software in a VM under Linux, there > is usbmon built into the kernel's USB subsystem; it can monitor > all the USB traffic, too. > There is also h

Re: Putting small web site online

> > > > I need to have a small web site online but I don't have a commercial > link nor a server at home that can be publickly available. > Hi. For the static website you can use github pages: https://pages.github.com/ or use VPS.

Re: OT: minimum bs for dd?

> > > As noted, is there a minimum bs size for dd? > It seems that you can set bs as small as 1. 512 is the default because of HDD block size which used to be 512 bytes for more than 30 years (before advanced format was invented) >

Re: info pages WHERE? -- was [Re: OT: minimum bs for dd?]

> I got the impression from the search hits I got info pages were > available on the web complete with useful hyperlinks. > > In a terminal "info dd" gives an annoying blob of text. Due to visual > limits I *MUCH* prefer HTML for large amounts of information. > All gnu info pages are available onl

Re: vim not seeing many Unicode chars

> > LC_CTYPE="C" > > this may be a problem. Try $ LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 vim $YOUR_FILE make sure fileenconfig is utf-8 in vim: : set fileencoding=utf-8 More info about LC_ vars: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xbd/envvar.html >

Re: vim not seeing many Unicode chars

> > > Thanks all. I looked at my config files (which go back at least 15 years) > and found lots of explicitly setting both LC_ALL=C and LC_LANG=C. > > Should I remove all, or just remove the LC_ALL? > > Using LC_ALL is strongly discouraged as it overrides everything. Please use it only when testi

Re: Linux kernel 5.10 (or 5.4) with Debian Buster

> > > Just wondering, is it safe to use kernel 5.4 or 5.10 with Debian Buster > packages? > > Kernel has stable userland ABI. Any user program (like bash or nginx) should be compatible with any future kernel release. But kernel doesn't guarantee kernel modules ABI (even API is not stable). So, reg

Re: IRC

On Wed, May 19, 2021 at 6:22 PM Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside < deb...@polynamaude.com> wrote: > Hi ! > Is there some IRC channel for Debian ? > https://wiki.debian.org/IRC

Re: grub-set-default

> > > I cannot see any changes in /etc/grub.d/ or /etc/default/grub > It saves data in the GRUB environment block https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/grub.html#Environment-block Somewhere in /boot/grub/grubenv but I think firmware storage may also be used To use it, you must set GRUB_D

Re: Web log analysis

On Thu, May 27, 2021 at 12:55 PM Richard Hector wrote: > Hi all, > > I need to get a handle on what my web servers are doing. > There is also a webalizer which is similar to AWStat. I use google analytics to monitor website. It knows nothing about my logs of course, but provides lots of informat

Re: About Terminal on Buster

> > How can I obtain a terminal window with menu above so that for example I > can copy or paste commands etc.? > Which desktop environment / window manager are you using? https://wiki.debian.org/DesktopEnvironment >

Re: About Terminal on Buster

> > > XFCE > Right click on the terminal, preferences, appearance. Choose "display toolbar" https://i.imgur.com/1kLAsVd.png > >

Re: About Terminal on Buster

> > > "gpm" ? > I believe this is a mouse server for the virtual terminal running in the virtual console (aka "text mode") X11 uses its own mouse drivers. In modern versions they are based on libinput. There are several types of "clipboard" in X11: one is called "PRIMARY selection" and another is

Re: trouble with debconf

On Fri, May 28, 2021 at 7:54 PM Patrice Duroux wrote: > > I have finally found the source of this trouble. > The absence of /var/lib/cdebconf directory after a bad manipulation. https://packages.debian.org/sid/cdebconf # apt install cdebconf This is a folder to store answers for debconf: http

Re: Problem with Grub

Hello. You do not need to reinstall Windows to fix boot problems. Download Windows iso from the Microsoft website along with a special tool to burn it to the flash drive, boot from it and Windows will repair most booting issues. Motherboard firmware may act in Legacy/BIOS mode or UEFI mode. Mast

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

try $ TERM=xterm-mono [your_program] On Tue, Jun 22, 2021 at 4:14 PM Richard Owlett wrote: > I have vision problems. > I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases. > The program I'm running gives out colored text. > The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful. > Help please. > > >

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

> > > unicorn:~$ sudo TERM=xterm-mono apt update > > Nope. Not that one either. Some apps ignore the number of colors from the terminfo. Their authors believe there are no colorless monitors. Vim and bash works, however $ TERM=xterm-mono vim $ TERM=xterm-mono bash (no color prompt)

Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

One more idea: install xterm (``apt install xterm``) and run it with ``-cm`` $ xterm -cm that means "do not recognize color esc. sequences" Everything is b&w there

Re: how to change terminal (tty) font?

Hi. You are using a slightly inaccurate terminology. ``tty`` is a kernel subsystem that supports terminals. Terminal could be * hardware device connected to the serial port, * virtual terminal -- so-called vty that runs on top of virtual console which is emulated by kernel using your videocard a

Re: X server running on a different machine [Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer]

> > > > There's plenty of book you can find by searching on Google with the > subject "X11 architecture" or something similar. > > There is a classic "Definitive Guides to the X Window System" series. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/x-windows-system/9780937175835/ Also https://www.oreilly.com/

Re: Buster on Win 10 Problems

> > I've never had much luck with emulations/APIs. I gave up on wine (maybe > it's better now) because so many things nearly worked. I've had trouble > with virtual machines with getting good enough access to the hardware. > > WSL-2 is not an emulator but a real virtual machine that runs Linux kern

Re: Ibus info needed

Do you mean this one: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Input_Bus ?

Re: Buster on Win 10 Problems

> > > > Is WSL a hard requirement? As far as I know Debian runs quite well in > Virtualbox (make sure you install the guest additions). > Yes, I use it alot) It also runs well on the Hyper-V (which is a part of Windows), just make sure to disable secure boot in VM.

Re: removing modules

> > > hello, > If I type "lsmod" there is a big list of modules with many followed by a > "0" > which I guess means they are not needed in the kernel ? > That means no module depends on it. But it doesn't mean this particular module isn't required. Does lsmod know about all installed software an

Re: removing modules

> > > There is for example "dell_smm_hwmon" followed "0" which you'd think was > to be used by software for monitoring the PC hardware. > You have this device (SMM BIOS), so ``udev`` loaded this module. It creates `` /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon..`` for hardware monitoring. Remove this module, and this

Re: make custom kernel

On Sun, Jul 4, 2021 at 12:20 AM Anssi Saari wrote: > mick crane writes: > > > I've done it before but I've forgotten and the order. > > What's the procedure for making a custom kernel? > > I assume there are full instructions somewhere. Here it is http://www.kroah.com/lkn/ ``make help`` in ke

Re: make custom kernel

> > thank you very much. Can I somehow load the current configuration so > menuconfig shows what choices were made for current kernel ? > > zcat /proc/config.gz > .config

Re: make custom kernel

On Sun, Jul 4, 2021 at 1:26 PM The Wanderer wrote: > On 2021-07-04 at 06:26, IL Ka wrote: > > >> thank you very much. Can I somehow load the current configuration > >> so menuconfig shows what choices were made for current kernel ? > > > > zcat /proc/config.g

Re: Memory allocation failed during fsck of large EXT4 filesystem

> Error storing directory block information (inode=366740508, block=0, > num=406081): Memory allocation failed > Try ``scratch_files`` https://manpages.debian.org/buster/e2fsprogs/e2fsck.conf.5.en.html This stanza controls when e2fsck will attempt to use scratch files to reduce the need for memory

Re: Memory allocation failed during fsck of large EXT4 filesystem

On Mon, Jul 5, 2021 at 5:17 PM Reiner Buehl wrote: > It seems swap is not the solution: Even after adding a 50G swap file, I > still get the same error message and the swap usage stats from collectd > show that max swap usage was not more than just 2G. > > btw, do you use 32 or 64bit os?

Re: Memory allocation failed during fsck of large EXT4 filesystem

> I use a 32bit OS > > 32-bit OS can't use more than 4GB. 32-bit app can use even lower amount of memory. This is why 50GB swap file didn't help.

Re: Docker installation problems

> > I suspect that something might be wrong with the /etc/apt/daemon.json > file but am not sure what. > > try # dockerd https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/#start-the-daemon-manually Do you see any errors?

Re: Docker installation problems

> > failed to create API server: Could not load X509 key pair (cert: > "/var/docker/server.pem", key: "/var/docker/serverkey.pem"): open > /var/docker/server.pem: no such file or directory > > On my system the /var/docker directory doesn't exist. Further, server.pem > doesn't exist anywhere on my s

Re: dns failover a record

> > > I have 2 services. I want > the A record to change automatically when one is inaccessible. Do you want the DNS server to ping your service and change "A" record? There is no such feature AFAIK. You can use two different IPs for services and provide both of them as A record. This is called

Re: VirtualBox Problem

> > [1], comment 1, first sentence. > VirtualBox limits CPU by available cores, not threads. This is not > configurable, and is unchangeable, unless you patch VirtualBox. > It seems that nobody bothered to write such patch. > > On Win10 Hyper-V could also be used, and it doesn't have such problems

Re: suppress interactive messages at upgrade

> > > is there a more clever way than running aptitude/apt-get with the tags > "-yq", > when I want to suppress interactive messages at upgrade? > > try sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get -yq install [packagename]

Re: what binds to port

> > sudo netstat -ltp|grep sane-port > or $ sudo ss -l4pon | grep [port]

Re: what binds to port

> > > $ sudo ss -l4pon | grep [port] > > That grep command is wrong in a couple ways. > > First, the unquoted [port] is a live glob pattern for the shell. I meant port number here, i.e.: $ sudo ss -l4pon | grep 80 > Finally, you added the -n option to ss, which means it no longer prints > servi

Re: why 1G memory is missing?

> i have 2 memory slots > memtest86+ shows each has 2G, but total is 3G > after booting linux, top shows total is 3G > why 1 G is missing? Thanks! > You probably have 32bit OS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_GB_barrier

Re: why 1G memory is missing?

> > inxi shows that only 3 GB are available as the TOTAL, although it finds > the 4 GB to be physically installed: > $ sudo inxi -m -x > Memory:RAM: total: 2.88 GiB used: 2.11 GiB (73.2%) > Array-1: capacity: 4 GiB slots: 2 EC: None max module size: 2 GiB note: > est. > Device-1: M1 size: 2 GiB

Re: why 1G memory is missing?

> > > That cpu was normally paired with the Intel 945 chipset that can’t support > more than about 3.25GB whether or not it’s 32/64 OS > Yes, and even worse: this CPU doesn't support 64bit OS > model name: Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU N280 @ 1.66GHz >> address sizes: 32 bits physical, 32 b

Re: can't login via gdm

> > > I ran the following to change my users UID & GIDs - but, now I have no > graphic gdm login. I have no problem with a terminal login and the > same worked on a terminal based server. > > Check your logs with journalctl. There is also ~/.xsession-errors, but you probably lost access to your ow

Re: Firewall POSTROUTING problem

> > > > > > iptables -A FORWARD -j ACCEPT > Are you sure your packets are forwarded via netfilter? Try to disable forwarding (with sysctl) or change rulte to -j DROP and check traffic with sniffer (no packet should be forwarded from virt machine to the Internet)

Re: "Disabling IRQ #9" - how to check for impact

Hi. Short answer: This is a known kernel bug: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=207749 Long answer: This message means some hardware generates an interrupt request, but the interrupt handler (kernel driver) failed to process it. See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13861282/understa

Re: Graphics::Magick

Rectangle should be transparent by default (unless you provide `fill` argument explicitly). 'false' is not a valid color, so providing it shouldn't make any difference. I suggest to provide color explicitly: https://imagemagick.org/script/color.php Here i

Re: Firmaware II

> > > Is firmware not connected to the hardware? > > Modern hardware (wifi adapter for example) is a tiny computer. Firmware is a special program that runs in it (much like you run Debian on your PC). Hardware vendors provide firmware as blob: compiled piece of data without source (like Windows)) s

Re: Net install installer fails to access any mirror...........

While installing, what was the result of "Detect network hardware" and "Configure the network" steps? Click "ctrl+alt+F2", and type "ip addr" to check if address is configured correctly. Try to ping your router. Then, mirror. On Fri, Apr 29, 2022 at 2:55 PM Charlie wrote: > > Hello Eve

Re: When will Debian book Authors be publishing Debian 11 Bullseye System Administrator's Handbook?

Debian 10 handbook (https://debian-handbook.info/) still can be used to study Debian because lots of things are the same. After this book you can read Debian 11 release notes: https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/index.en.html >

Re: Dual booting Debian on an Windows machine.

this is possible: you just need to have two .efi files for your OSes: one for Windows and one for Linux. Use ``efibootmgr`` to manage it. If you have secure boot enabled, you need shim: https://wiki.debian.org/SecureBoot On Sat, Apr 30, 2022 at 3:06 PM Richard Owlett wrote: > I will be setting u

Re: Dual booting Debian on an Windows machine.

M Richard Owlett wrote: > On 04/30/2022 09:01 AM, IL Ka wrote: > > this is possible: you just need to have two .efi files for your OSes: one > > for Windows and one for Linux. > > Use ``efibootmgr`` to manage it. > > If you have secure boot enabled, you need shim: > &

Re: Dual booting Debian on an Windows machine.

> > > https://uefi.org/specifications > current is UEFI Specification Version 2.9 (March 2021) > > https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_9_2021_03_18.pdf > although i still read > https://uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_8_A_Feb14.pdf > when it comes to di

Re: stretch with bullseye kernel?

Linux kernel is backward compatible. Linus calls it "we do not break userspace". That means _old_ applications should work on new kernel On Wed, May 4, 2022 at 12:40 AM Richard Hector wrote: > Hi all, > > For various reasons, I have some stretch LXC containers, on a buster > host that I now ne

Re: ca-certificates: DST_Root_CA_X3.crt expired, so why is it still included in Bullseye?

Hi. OSes usually include all CA certificates (even expired). Windows also does it (I have CA expired in 1999 in win10). User should have the ability to distinguish between invalid signatures and old/expired signatures. While the latter is an expected situation, the former is definitely fraud.

Re: Permanent email address?

> > I would not recommend running an MTA on a dynamic IP address. I can > absolutely guarantee you that emails sent from such a system will not reach > the recipient. > +1. You also need SPF (DNS record that lists IP addresses allowed to send emails from a certain domain) which isn't easy if you

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