It's worth remembering that while aggregation of data in single units might
reduce overhead, end to end latency is far more critical to most Internet apps.
Focusing on optimizing throughput for the last few percent in corner cases is
NOT desirable. In fact, it is the cause of pervasive buffer b
Is there a good usb 3.0 802.11 adapter?
On Mar 18, 2014, Dave Taht wrote:
>If this had a full length mini-pcie slot it would be a pretty good
>candidate for a higher end cero platform.
>
>http://linuxgizmos.com/pico-itx-board-runs-linux-on-amd-g-series-soc/
-- Sent from my Android device with K-
Reading a lot of this stuff suggests at most that DNSSEC is being overhyped and
poorly implemented.
As a reason to abandon work on deploying DNSSEC so that it's easier to
instantiate man in the middle attacks I find it unconvincing.
Is there an alternative?
On May 8, 2014, Maciej Soltysiak wr
Both you and Dave Taft misunderstood my idea about standing queues not being
the right way to encode congestion in switches. I do not say there would be no
buffers for jitter. Nor do I call for admission control. I just suggest that
instead of deriving congestion from backlog measures (requiring
that it has a better idea of what to do once
>congestion starts, then you may have a point.
>
>but fq_codel is very happy to run and do basically nothing if there is
>no
>congestion. It doesn't delay things to create a buffer.
>
>David Lang
>
> On Thu, 15 May 2014, Da
I'll answer this way... The endpoints can use information to slow down as early
as possible. That's the whole point of control loop tuning. The fundamental
resonance of a control loop depends on its speed of draining and filling the
storage element.
So you want to sample and deliver ASAP two th
Depends on the type of the provider. Most providers now have shared paths to
the backbone among users and give a peak rate up and down for brief periods
that they will not sustain... In fact they usually penalize use of the peak
rate by reducing the rate after that.
So at what point they create
Codel and PIE are excellent first steps... but I don't think they are the best
eventual approach. I want to see them deployed ASAP in CMTS' s and server load
balancing networks... it would be a disaster to not deploy the far better
option we have today immediately at the point of most leverage.
ECN-style signaling has the right properties ... just like TTL it can provide
valid and current sampling of the packet ' s environment as it travels. The
idea is to sample what is happening at a bottleneck for the packet ' s flow.
The bottleneck is the link with the most likelihood of a collisi
Good points...
On May 29, 2014, Michael Richardson wrote:
>
>David P. Reed wrote:
>> ECN-style signaling has the right properties ... just like TTL it can
>> provide
>
>How would you send these signals?
>
>> A Bloom style filter can remember flow st
Maybe you can do a quick blog howto? I'd bet the same could be done for
raspberry pi and perhaps my other toy the wandboard which has a gigE adapter
and Scsi making it a nice iscsi target or nfs server.
De bloating the world... One step at a time.
On Jun 11, 2014, Dave Taht wrote:
>The bloat
Maybe I am misunderstanding something... it just took my Mac book Pro doing an
rsync to copy a TB of data from a small NAS at work yesterday to get about 700
Gb/sec on a GigE office network for hours yesterday.
I had to do that in our Santana Clara office rather than from home outside
Boston,
s.
>
>And I'd like my servers to run on a couple watts, at most, and not
>require special heating, or cooling.
>
>And I'd like (another) beer and some popcorn. Tonight's movie:
>
>https://plus.google.com/u/0/107942175615993706558/posts/VJKvfvKU9pi
>
>On Fr
Include Doc in the discussion you have... need his email address?
On Jul 20, 2014, Rich Brown wrote:
>Doc Searls
>(http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/doc/2014/07/20/the-cliff-peronal-clouds-need-to-climb/)
>mentioned in passing that he uses a new speed test website. I checked
>it out, and it was very c
It's important to note that modern browsers have direct access to TCP Up and
Down connections using Web sockets from javascript threads. It is quite
feasible to drive such connections at near wire speeds in both directions...
I've done it in my own experiments. A knowledgeable network testing ex
Anybody got a TI connection? The wandboard is nice based on I.MX6 but it is not
ideal for a router.
On Aug 15, 2014, Jonathan Morton wrote:
>> one promising project is this one: https://www.turris.cz/en/
>
>That does look promising. The existing software is OpenWRT, so porting
>CeroWRT shouldn't
You missed the on board switch which is a major differentiator.
On Aug 22, 2014, William Katsak wrote:
>This is a nice board, but other than the form factor, it isn’t much
>different than this Supermicro board which is readily available:
>
>http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/Atom/X10/
I have a working ping-over-http mobile browser app at alt.reed.com. feel free
to try it and look at the underlying packet stream with wireshark. I did a
prototype of a RRUL test using Web sockets and a modified nginx websocket
module as a server that could be commanded to generate precise tra
I do know that. I would say that benchmarks rarely match real world problems of
real systems- they come from sources like academia and technical marketing
depts. My job for the last few years has been looking at stems with dozens of
processors across 2 and 4 sockets and multiple 10 GigE adapters
David -
1) you are right that LBT fails because propagation does not allow a
transmitter to hear the stations that might be transmitting on the same
channel. But LBT need not be the optimal approach for the general idea of
packet multiplexing. A better decentralized approach is rts/cts. Think
Filling intermediate buffers doesn't make the tcp congestion algorithms work.
They just kick in when the buffers are full! And then you end up with a pile of
packets that will be duplicated which amplifies the pressure on buffers!
If there could be no buffering,the big file transfers would home
Tor needs this stuff very badly.
I do wonder whether we should focus on vpn's rather than end to end encryption
that does not leak secure information through from inside as the plan seems to
do.
On Dec 3, 2014, Guus Sliepen wrote:
>On Wed, Dec 03, 2014 at 12:07:59AM -0800, Dave Taht wrote:
>
fic
>across every intermediary. But I think that basically destroys almost
>all the value of an "inter" net. It makes it a balkanized proprietary
>set of subnets that have dozens of reasons why you can't connect with
>anyone else, and no way to be free to connect.
>>
Anyone measured what is the actual bottleneck in 300 mb/s shaping? On an Intel
platform you can measure a running piece of code pretty accurately. I ask
because it is not obvious a cpu needs to touch much of a frame to do shaping,
so it seems more likely that the driver and memory management st
Neither 2.4 GHZ nor 5.8 GHz are absorbed more than other bands. That's an old
wives tale. The reason for the bands' selection is that they were available at
the time. The water absorption peak frequency is 10x higher.
Don't believe what people repeat without checking. The understanding of radio
reradiates
low freq sounds better than high freq ones. Hence the loud car stereo bass is
much louder than treble when the cabin is sealed.
On Dec 21, 2014, David Lang wrote:
>On Sat, 20 Dec 2014, David P. Reed wrote:
>
>> Neither 2.4 GHZ nor 5.8 GHz are absorbed more than other band
I am booked solid on Monday and Tuesday - speaking at the F2C conference in NYC
about the big issues in evolving the wireless Internet to be less centralized
and more scalable. I will briefly mention Cerowrt as a good model for making a
difference and mention the WiFi challenge. It won't be tec
It is not the cable modem itself that is bufferbloated. It is the head end
working with the cable modem. Docsis 3 has mechanisms to avoid queue buildup
but they are turned on by the head end.
I don't know for sure but I believe that the modem itself cannot measure or
control the queueing in the
The mystery in most users' minds is that ping at a time when there is no load
does tell them anything at all about why the network connection will such when
their kid is uploading to youtube.
So giving them ping time is meaningless.
I think most network engineers think ping time is a useful meas
SamKnows is carefully constructed politically to claim that everyone has great
service and no problems are detected. They were constructed by opponents of
government supervision - the corporate FCC lobby.
Don't believe they have any incentive to measure customer relevant measures
M-Lab is bette
I think this is because there are a lot of packets in flight from end to end
meaning that the window is wide open and has way overshot the mark. This can
happen if the receiving end keeps opening it's window and has not encountered a
lost frame. That is: the dropped or marked packets are not ha
Drag is an fluid dynamic term that suggests a meaning close to this... flow
rate dependent friction.
But what you really want to suggest is a flow rate dependent *delay* that
people are familiar with quantifying.
Fq_codel limits the delay as flow rate increases and is fair.
The max buffer limi
Those of us who innovate at the waveform and MAC layer would argue differently.
The cellular operators are actually the responsible control operators and hold
licenses for that. They may want to lock down phones' cellular transmitters.
But U-NII and ism bands are not licensed to these operators
s with open source best practices, and/or which
>causes the vendors to believe they should hide the mechanisms they use
>by shipping undocumented “binary blobs” of compiled code. This had
>been an ongoing problem to all in the internet community trying to do
>change control and e
I love copy left thinking. I worry that I can't sign something so provocative,
because it invokes regulatory overreach.
The letter is taking a totalitarian turn, asking government to go beyond
choice. I thought we were reducing the power of the FCC Iintitution, but now it
is a call for extreme
Sqm is a way to deal with the dsl or cable modem having bufferbloat. In the
configuration described neither end is the problem ... the DUT itself may have
bufferbloat. That would be terrible.
On Oct 23, 2015, Richard Smith wrote:
>On 10/23/2015 02:41 PM, Michael Richardson wrote:
>> Richard Smi
In particular, the DUT should probably have no more than 2 packets of outbound
queueing given the very small RTT. 2xRTT is the most buffering you want in the
loop.
On Oct 23, 2015, Richard Smith wrote:
>On 10/23/2015 02:41 PM, Michael Richardson wrote:
>> Richard Smith wrote:
>> > My tes
Not trying to haggle. Just pointing out that this test configuration has a very
short RTT. maybe too short for our SQM to adjust to.
On Oct 24, 2015, Sebastian Moeller wrote:
>Hi David,
>
>On Oct 24, 2015, at 00:53 , David P. Reed wrote:
>
>> In particular, the DUT shoul
Understand.
On Oct 24, 2015, Jonathan Morton wrote:
>
>> On 24 Oct, 2015, at 19:34, David P. Reed wrote:
>>
>> Not trying to haggle. Just pointing out that this test configuration
>has a very short RTT. maybe too short for our SQM to adjust to.
>
>It should still
I share your concern for updates, and support for same.
However, there are architectural solutions we should have pursued a long time
ago, which would bound the damage of such vulnerabilities. Make the system far
more robust.
There's no reason for dnsmasq to run with privileges. Not should pack
WiFi is a bit harder than IP. But you know that.
I truly believe that we need to fix the phy/waveform/modulation space to really
scale up open wireless networking capability. LBT is the basic bug in WiFi, and
it is at that layer, melow the MAC.
I have tried for 20 years now to find a way to be
s.bufferbloat.net
Subject: Re: [Cerowrt-devel] closing up my make-wifi-fast lab
On Sat, Aug 25, 2018 at 1:04 PM David P. Reed wrote:
>
> WiFi is a bit harder than IP. But you know that.
>
> I truly believe that we need to fix the phy/waveform/modulation space to
> really scale up
> I would like it very much if my country attempted to get to something>
> similar as a requirement for FCC certification or import. Stronger> yes,
> would be nice, but there was> nothing horrible in here that I could see.
Dave T. - You may remember from when I helped get you in contact with t
ling participants. But the
latter good is lost, as the Pied Piper solved our communications concerns using
the Internet, and then demanded control of our children.
-Original Message-
From: "Michael Richardson"
Sent: Wednesday, November 28, 2018 4:14am
To: "David P. Ree
Conquer the spectrum licensing and device certification nexus. Or else your
cell is will pwn yr physical world.
LTE over UNII band is not even as good as CSMA at sharing and cooperation, and
without coordination at installation planning time, it doesn't work well.
802.11ax has the same fragilit
A look at home routers, and a surprising bug in Linux/MIPS -
https://cyber-itl.org/2018/12/07/a-look-at-home-routers-and-linux-mips.html
___
Cerowrt-devel mailing list
Cerowrt-devel@lists.bufferbloat.net
https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/cerowrt-
Well, you all know that I think of diffserv as an abortion. It's based on
thinking that assumes central, hierachical adminstrative agreements among what
should be autonomous systems.
Yeah, at layer 2 for packets that stay within an administratively uniform
domain, diffserv can be useful.
But e
Well, pots and kettles - I bet there are, amongst the huge numbers of
LEDE/OpenWRt packages, some very useful DDoS amplification concerns. So it's
really not a strong proof of the claim that "factory firmware" is bad.
My own home border router I built myself, and yet it acquires new problems wi
Dave -
I tend to agree with Christian's thesis, despite the flaws in his "history".
HTTP/3 does NOT specify a congestion control algorithm, and in fact seems to
encourage experimentation with wacky concepts. That's a terrible approach to
standardization.
Roskind is not my kind of a hero.
The NYTimes has become a mouthpiece for those who want to see China as the new
evil empire. Recent pieces by David Sanger have hyped the idea that the US has
a "5G Gap" and that China (Huawei) will threaten to conquer the world with 5G
superiority, so we should be vigilantly opposing Huawei.
llars to protect the US from becoming a
third world country)
Humans don't think. They react emotionally, and tribally.
-Original Message-----
From: "Dave Taht"
Sent: Thursday, March 28, 2019 2:16pm
To: "David P. Reed"
Cc: "cerowrt-devel" , "bloat"
swer to themselves or their "owners".
Just don't trust them. You can buy their stuff and use it because it is pretty
darn functional, but don't put your life entirely in their hands, even if they
have similar facial features to you.
-Original Message-
From: &
I've spent almost 25 tears trying to address this problem, technologically.
First with UWB, then with technologies that scale capacity with the number of
users in a band, then with the FCC Spectrum Policy Task Force, then on the FCC
Technolocical Advisory Committee.
Each time, most radio engine
Well, of all the devices in my house (maybe 100), only the router attached to
the cable modem (which is a 2x GigE Intel Linux board based on Fedora 29 server
with sch_cake configured) is running fq_codel. And setting that up was a labor
of love. But it works a charm for my asymmetric Gigabit ca
ing,
negotiating a sales channel, etc. Just do what is needed to make a few thousand
for the CrowdSupply market.
Thoughts?
-Original Message-
From: "David P. Reed"
Sent: Tuesday, May 14, 2019 2:38pm
To: "Valdis Klētnieks"
Cc: "Rich Brown" , "cerowrt
Ideally, it would need to be self-configuring, though... I.e., something
like the IQRouter auto-measuring of the upstream bandwidth to tune the
shaper.
Sure, seems like this is easy to code because there are exactly two ports to
measure, they can even be labeled physically "up" and "down" to
In my personal view, the lack of any evidence that Huawei has any more
government-controlled or classified compartmented Top Secret offensive Cyberwar
exploits than Cisco, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Mellanox, F5, NSO group, etc. is quite
a strong indication that there's no relevant "there" there.
Gi
arly 60s and civilization survived, after, admittedly, getting neck
> deep in the big muddy.
> So anyway, here's that song, that has a fascinating history:
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXnJVkEX8O4
>
> and to me applies to a lot of folk, currently in power. Perh
ays on my mind.
> > I'd long ago hoped that DSL devices would adopt BQL, and that
> > cablemodems would also, thus moving packet processing a little higher
> > on the stack so more advanced algorithms like cake could take hold.
> >
> > On Wed, May 15, 2019 at 9:32
rom one end to the other).
On Saturday, May 18, 2019 6:57pm, "Jonathan Morton"
said:
> > On 19 May, 2019, at 1:36 am, David P. Reed
> wrote:
> >
> > Pardon, but cwnd should NEVER be larger than the number of forwarding hops
> between source and destination.
I have been chatting with a startup in the Multi-User Dwelling networking
operations space, and they seem to really be attracted to Ubiquiti Unifi
systems. I can't blame them for wanting a comprehensive and evolving system.
But on the questions related to bufferbloat and making wifi both low l
Sorry, I can't help - I never spend time or effort on Twitter, Reddit, etc.
because I see no value and lots of problems in doing that.
Musk probably wouldn't love my views on most of his companies, anyway.
I hope he gets something right on this one.
On Wednesday, May 22, 2019 6:45am, "Dave Ta
Fun, but it is all just a dynamic geometry game.
It's worth remembering that Congestion Control will be a huge problem here.
It's far from obvious that current TCP congestion control (which assumes all
packets in a virtual circuit traverse the same path in a very deep way indeed)
will do the j
What a beautiful document. I noticed a few bugs in the protocol here and there
as I skimmed it, and what appear to just be typos.
I'm sure it all just works perfectly, after reading the proof of correctness
that I found on github.
:-(
On Sunday, January 19, 2020 8:54am, "Dave Taht" said:
> I
Good grief, can't we kill off NAT? IPv4.01 isn't IPv6.
What does the other end think your IPv6 source address is? Can your tethered
systems pass addressable endpoints to the other end, and expect them to work?
Or will there be STUN6/TURN6 needed to do, say, WebRTC peering?
On Tuesday, January 2
This might turn out to be a problem for me - I have a "smart TV" that I watch
Netflix on, and it appears to use IPv4. What specifically triggers Netflix to
reject specific IPv6 clients? Is it the player's IPv6 address? Is all of
he.net's address space blocked?
I've been planning to move more of
Sadly, my home provider, RCN, which is otherwise hugely better than Comcast and
Verizon provisioning wise, still won't provide IPv6 to its customers. It's a
corporate level decision. I know the regional network operations guys, which is
why I know about the provisioning - they have very high-end
Thanks, Colin, for the info. Sadly, I learned all about the licensing of
content in the industry back about 20 years ago when I was active in the
battles about Xcasting rights internationally (extending "broadcast rights" to
the Web, which are rights that exist only in the EU, having to do with
Congestion control for real-time video is quite different than for streaming.
Streaming really is dealt with by a big enough (multi-second) buffering, and
can in principle work great over TCP (if debloated).
UDP congestion control MUST be end-to-end and done in the application layer,
which is u
Regarding EDF.
I've been pushing folks to move latency sensitive computing in ALL OS's to a
version of EDF since about 1976. This was when I was in grad school working on
distributed computing on LANs. In fact, it is where I got the idea for my Ph.D.
thesis (completed in 1978) which pointed out
Pragmatically, I solve this by a mixed, manual strategy. My entry router at
home isn't OpenWRT based, it only connects a WAN GigE port to a home LAN GigE
port. I use multiple APs, and for now solve the "make wifi fast" problem by
using one 5 GHz channel per AP, and enough APs so I can have only
The ESP32-CAM device (which is under $10 quantity 1 from lots of sources, just
google) is a WiFi enabled camera board with lots of functionaliy built in,
including a full WiFi (2.4 GHz) and TCP/IP with TLS stack.
I have been playing with a couple, as have my friends. Various folks have 3D
printe
I have some servers with 512 GB of RAM, and my company sells "Software Defined
Server" capability to relatively inexpensively make virtualized systems with 10
TB of RAM out of these 512 GB systems. They fit in less then a single 19" rack.
[Couldn't resist :-) https://www.tidalscale.com/technolog
Sadly, out-of-order delivery tolerance was a "requirement" when we designed TCP
originally. There was a big motivation: spreading traffic across a variety of
roughly equivalent paths, when you look at the center of the network activity
(not the stupid image called "backbone" the forces you to th
It does seem awfully complicated compared to how I would imagine the
functionality could be implemented if you just did it on top of UDP. One of the
costs of using UDP is that one needs to support protocol-specific end-to-end
congestion control as well as protocol-specific datagram-loss handlin
Yeah. In 1969, Bruce Daniels was a neighbor in my dorm (Random Hall, MIT) and
Tim Anderson was working in the same office space at Project MAC as Carl Hewitt
in around 1974, when I was, among other things like working on Multics kernel
and building MACLISP, helping Carl with implementing Planne
Interop 2019 gave this an award?
I have to say, it reads like a clone of the Bell System Technical Manual (or
some of the LTE spec).
In the tutorial it doesn't seem to say what problem it is solving.
But hey, maybe the IAB loves it? They seem to be clueless as hell about
internetworking as a c
It has bufferbloat?
Why am I not surprised?
I can share that one stack hasn't had it from the start, by design. That is one
implemented for trading at 10+ GB/sec, implemented in Verilog, and now
apparently in production use at one of the largest NY trading intermediaries.
Why? Simply two reas
Hmmm... good post, I guess. But aren't WiFi 6 and StarLink being built by
people who have proved their genius by being billionaires?
It's sad, though, to read through the comments. There's a whole 'nother world
out there now.
Apparently the world of commenters are largely convinced bufferbloat
This is an excellent proposal. I am happy to support it somehow.
I strongly recommend trying to find a way to make sure it doesn't become a
proposal put forward by "progressive" potlitical partisans. (this is hard for
me, because my politics are more aligned with the Left than with the
self-d
These are ASICs, not fpgas. Presumably they are manufactured on Intel fabs
using Intel processes, after designing them.
The overview references RTL design specs. Now Verilog and VHDL can speciry RTL
designs (but are a bit more general).
Also, the I/O pins seem to be a bit more specialized th
t be much motivation to do anything else.
[
https://news.slashdot.org/story/21/03/04/1722256/senators-call-on-fcc-to-quadruple-base-high-speed-internet-speeds
](
https://news.slashdot.org/story/21/03/04/1722256/senators-call-on-fcc-to-quadruple-base-high-speed-internet-speeds
)
Anybody know the
I know I am seen as too outspoken on these things, but this paper was frank
nonsense! I mean, starting from the idea that sensor and actuator devices use a
small bit rate averaged over a 24 hour period means that they should be
assigned a "narrowband channel" (which would be fine if real sensor
Dave -
I've spent a fair amount of time orbiting the FreeBSD community over the past
few years. It's not as sad as you might think.
However, the networking portion of FreeBSD community is quite differently
organized than it is in Linux.
What tends to shape Linux and FreeBSD, etc. are the mon
just the personal opinion of someone who has been developing systems
for 50+ years now. I'm kind of disappointed, but my opinion does not really
matter much.
David
On Monday, March 29, 2021 9:52pm, "Theodore Ts'o" said:
> On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 04:28:11PM -0400
(They closed the issue on the golang link.)
I'm not a golang user. One language too many for me. It sounds like a library
issue.
My suggestion would be to use the openness of open source. Generate a patchset
that extends the interface properly. Don't try to "improve" what you don't like
- com
Well, nice that the folks doing the conference are willing to consider that
quality of user experience has little to do with signalling rate at the
physical layer or throughput of FTP transfers.
But honestly, the fact that they call the problem "network quality" suggests
that they REALLY, RE
all things. [1]. There's a lot of
> > fallout from that in terms of not just addressing queuing delay, but
> > caching, prefetching, and learning more about what a user really needs
> > (as opposed to wants) to know via intelligent agents.
> >
> > [0] If you wan
Keep It Simple, Stupid.
That's a classic architectural principle that still applies. Unfortunately
folks who only think hardware want to add features to hardware, but don't study
the actual real world version of the problem.
IMO, and it's based on 50 years of experience in network and operat
better reason it is often used, and that is
because the sum of a large number of independent stationary renewal processes
approaches a Poisson process. So nature often gives us Poisson arrivals.
Best,
Len
On Jul 8, 2021, at 12:38 PM, David P. Reed <[ dpr...@deepplum.com ](
mailto:dpr
On Monday, July 12, 2021 9:46am, "Livingood, Jason"
said:
> I think latency/delay is becoming seen to be as important certainly, if not a
> more direct proxy for end user QoE. This is all still evolving and I have to
> say is a super interesting & fun thing to work on. :-)
If I could manag
g. the traffic - On-OFF pattern) see [1]. I am not sure
>> when does such information readily exist.
>>
>> Best
>> Amr
>>
>> [1] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3341617.3326146 or if behind a paywall
>> https://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~florin/lib/sigmet19b.
I just want to thank Dick Roy for backing up the arguments I've been making
about physical RF communications for many years, and clarifying terminology
here. I'm not the expert - Dick is an expert with real practical and
theoretical experience - but what I've found over the years is that many w
.
Thanks,--MM--
The best way to predict the future is to create it. - Alan Kay
We must not tolerate intolerance;
however our response must be carefully measured:
too strong would be hypocritical and risks spiraling out of control;
too weak risks being mista
I use the example all the time, but not for interviewing. What's sad is that
the answers seem to be quoting from some set of textbooks or popular
explanations of the Internet that really have got it all wrong, but which many
professionals seem to believe is true.
The same phenomenon appears i
ource loading
code, and now the "service worker" javascript code, the idea that it is like
fetching a file using FTP is just wrong. Do NANOG members understand this? I
doubt it.
On Monday, September 20, 2021 5:30pm, "David P. Reed"
said:
I use the example all the time, b
Pretty good list, thanks for putting this together.
The only thing I'd add, and I'm not able to formulate it very elegantly, is
this personal insight: One that I would research, because it can be a LOT more
useful in the end-to-end control loop than stuff like ECN, L4S, RED, ...
Fact: Detect
For what? I have recently gotten a MicroSemi RISC-V SoC board with embedded
FPGA (or maybe it is better thought of as an FPGA board with multicore hard
logic RISC-V host.) Runs Linux very fast. It's not set up to be a router,
though - not unless I populate its PCIe slot with NICs. Standard Lin
What's the difference between uplink and downlink? In DOCSIS the rate
asymmetry was the issue. But in WiFi, the air interface is completely symmetric
(802.11ax, though, maybe not because of centrally polling).
In any CSMA link (WiFi), there is no "up" or "down". There is only sender and
rece
Yes, it's very cheap and getting cheaper.
Since its price fell to the point I thought was cheap, my home has a 10 GigE
fiber backbone, 2 switches in my main centers of computers, lots of 10 GigE
NICs in servers, and even dual 10 GigE adapters in a Thunderbolt 3 external
adapter for my primary
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