Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/22/20 11:27 PM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:
On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 9:45 AM Robert Nichols 
mailto:rnicholsnos...@comcast.net>> wrote:


Unless "conv=sync" is used, it does not. Without "conv=sync", when
the input
reaches EOF, dd will write whatever partial block has been read. If
you _do_
use "conv=sync", then that output block will be zero-padded to the
obs size.
If the output is to a device and not a file, that might cause a
superfluous
"out of space" message and a failure exit code. If output is to a
file, then
the resulting file could be larger than the source.

The status message from dd indicates the number of complete+partial
blocks
read and written, e.g.:
      1201+1 records in
      1202+0 records out
showing an output block that was padded to the full block size.

So it's better to use "sync" and not "noerror", right ?


No.  Unless you are trying to recover a failing drive, you would not 
want either of those.

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Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Sreyan Chakravarty]

Hi,

I am confused about whether I should use TRIM or DISCARD on my laptop.

I use LVM on top of LUKS and I do make frequent use of snapshots. Merging
them to my root volume.

I have a regular HDD and not a SSD.

Will enabling TRIM and DISCARD help me?

If so, how do I do that ? I have already tried enabling:

   issue_discards=1

in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf and then dracut -f

But fstrim -v / still fails with :

 fstrim: /: the discard operation is not supported

So how do I enable it in Fedora32 ?

-- 
Regards,
Sreyan Chakravarty
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/22/20 11:12 PM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:
On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 2:02 AM Jorge Fábregas > wrote:


You really should use a proper tool for the job. Something like
partclone.  That way you don't waste time & storage since you'll be
saving *only* the used blocks.  I mostly use CloneZilla  (that uses
partclone) but you can install partclone [1] in Fedora.


Please note I will not be cloning my partition but just the contents of 
the root logical volume.


"partition" is the usual container, but these programs will copy a 
filesystem from whatever block device you point them at.  There is no 
significant difference in this case between a partition and a logical 
volume.



The partition will still exist.

The reason I am doing this is because I want to move to thin LVMs, 
rather than the old CoW LVM.


Is partclone the write option? Or am I better off with dd ?


Particularly since you want to move the data to a thin LVM, you need to 
use something that understands the filesystem.  If you use dd, then all 
the unused blocks will still be copied and take up space in the new LVM 
partition.  You can use partclone or e2image (just make sure you use the 
option to include data) or clonezilla.  I would suggest also doing a 
full tar backup of the filesystem before trying anything else, just in case.

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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Sreyan Chakravarty]

On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 1:37 PM Samuel Sieb  wrote:

> No.  Unless you are trying to recover a failing drive, you would not
> want either of those.
>

So do I use partclone or dd ?

-- 
Regards,
Sreyan Chakravarty
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Roberto Ragusa]

On 11/22/20 9:08 PM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:


dd if=/dev/vg/root_lv of=/mnt/exthdd bs=64k conv=noerror,sync status=progress

1) Why use noerror and sync?

noerror might give me a corrupted image and sync is just going to increase the 
size of my image with padding.


Indeed, noerror and sync are both bad advice, do not use them.



2) What is rationale behind block size?

Will using 4M block size instead of 64K give me a different image?  I need my 
image to be an EXACT COPY.


Block size is for efficiency and 64k is better than 512, but since we are in 
2020 go for 4M, it is the best option.
The copy will be perfect even if the total size is not a perfect multiple of 
blocksize, dd is smart.

Regards.
--
   Roberto Ragusamail at robertoragusa.it
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Sreyan Chakravarty]

On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 1:38 PM Samuel Sieb  wrote:

> You can use partclone or e2image (just make sure you use the
> option to include data) or clonezilla.


I thought partclone is a part of Clonezilla.


> I would suggest also doing a
> full tar backup of the filesystem before trying anything else, just in
> case.
>

Can you please tell me how I can do a full tar backup ?

-- 
Regards,
Sreyan Chakravarty
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f33 :: where should i fill bug against dnf-dragora?

[Adrian Sevcenco]

Hi! Is there a specific place where can i fill a bug for dnf-dragora?
It is maddening that weird sorting where i have (descending order):
9994.2k 999.7k 998.5k 996.6k 994.9k 9928.2k  ...
is this alphabetical sorting or what?

Thanks!
Adrian
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 12:12 AM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:
On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 1:38 PM Samuel Sieb > wrote:


You can use partclone or e2image (just make sure you use the
option to include data) or clonezilla. 


I thought partclone is a part of Clonezilla.


No, clonezilla uses partclone.


I would suggest also doing a
full tar backup of the filesystem before trying anything else, just
in case.

Can you please tell me how I can do a full tar backup ?


tar cvfj /external/drive/myroot.tbz --one-file-system /
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Re: Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 12:07 AM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:

I am confused about whether I should use TRIM or DISCARD on my laptop.

I use LVM on top of LUKS and I do make frequent use of snapshots. 
Merging them to my root volume.


I have a regular HDD and not a SSD.

Will enabling TRIM and DISCARD help me?


No, it won't.


If so, how do I do that ? I have already tried enabling:

            issue_discards=1

in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf and then dracut -f

But fstrim -v / still fails with :

                  fstrim: /: the discard operation is not supported

So how do I enable it in Fedora32 ?


There's nothing to enable.  As it says, your LV and hard drive don't 
support discard.


However, I believe that it is useful for thin LVs, so after you've done 
the conversion, it's something you could try.

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Re: f33 :: where should i fill bug against dnf-dragora?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 12:37 AM, Adrian Sevcenco wrote:

Hi! Is there a specific place where can i fill a bug for dnf-dragora?


https://github.com/manatools/dnfdragora/issues would be best.  I see 
that this was fixed a couple of years ago, but maybe it has regressed.


You could file it at https://bugzilla.redhat.com/, but upstream is better.


It is maddening that weird sorting where i have (descending order):
9994.2k 999.7k 998.5k 996.6k 994.9k 9928.2k  ...
is this alphabetical sorting or what?


That's what it looks like.
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Michael D. Setzer II via users]

Just for info. I've maintained the g4l disk imaging project since 2004,
and the basic line it uses for doing a partition/disk image locally is.

(dd bs=1M if=$localback 2>/dev/null |jetcat-mod -f 5000 -p $readsize
2>$progout |lzop -c - >/mnt/local$localpath$localimagename) &

It boots from a cd or flash or from grub menu as an option and runs in
ram, so partitions are not mounted. Uses a dialog text interface.

The above information variables are gotten from dialog script.
This is the basic required parts to make image - The removed stuff is to
have a running dialog process screen that displays why the copy happens
in background. The /mnt/local points to a partition or disk other than the
one being imaged. The $localback would be the /dev/sda1 or similar
being backed up for partition 1.

dd bs=1M if=$localback |lzop -c - > /mnt/local$localpath$localimagename

I use lzop for compression of image, since it gives good compress and is
considerable faster than gzip.

Note: Since it does copy all blocks, it is best to clear the currently unused 
blocks
before hand. Long ago, did an image of a disk with clean install of Fedora 3 on
80GB disk. Image created was 12G in size compress. Cleared free space, and redid
imaged, and size dropped to 2.5G. Compression does depend on what is on disk..

use bs=1M did some testing, and found using bigger sizes made little or no
difference. Too small would make it slower..

Use to use it in my classroom all the time to back and reimage systems, but 
retired in
2017 with 36+ years teaching computer science at College..

Well, good luck and be Safe.

On 23 Nov 2020 at 9:12, Roberto Ragusa wrote:

Subject:Re: Clone logical volume using dd
To: users@lists.fedoraproject.org
From:   Roberto Ragusa 
Date sent:  Mon, 23 Nov 2020 09:12:32 +0100
Send reply to:  Community support for Fedora users


> On 11/22/20 9:08 PM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:
>
> > dd if=/dev/vg/root_lv of=/mnt/exthdd bs=64k conv=noerror,sync 
> > status=progress
> >
> > 1) Why use noerror and sync?
> >
> > noerror might give me a corrupted image and sync is just going to increase 
> > the size of my image with padding.
>
> Indeed, noerror and sync are both bad advice, do not use them.
>
> >
> > 2) What is rationale behind block size?
> >
> > Will using 4M block size instead of 64K give me a different image?  I need 
> > my image to be an EXACT COPY.
>
> Block size is for efficiency and 64k is better than 512, but since we are in 
> 2020 go for 4M, it is the best option.
> The copy will be perfect even if the total size is not a perfect multiple of 
> blocksize, dd is smart.
>
> Regards.
> --
> Roberto Ragusamail at robertoragusa.it
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Re: Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Ed Greshko]

On 23/11/2020 16:47, Samuel Sieb wrote:

On 11/23/20 12:07 AM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:

I am confused about whether I should use TRIM or DISCARD on my laptop.

I use LVM on top of LUKS and I do make frequent use of snapshots. Merging them 
to my root volume.

I have a regular HDD and not a SSD.

Will enabling TRIM and DISCARD help me?


No, it won't.


If so, how do I do that ? I have already tried enabling:

            issue_discards=1

in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf and then dracut -f

But fstrim -v / still fails with :

                  fstrim: /: the discard operation is not supported

So how do I enable it in Fedora32 ?


There's nothing to enable.  As it says, your LV and hard drive don't support 
discard.

However, I believe that it is useful for thin LVs, so after you've done the 
conversion, it's something you could try.


Do you think that last statement may be a bit confusing if he only has a HDD?

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Re: Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Ed Greshko]

On 23/11/2020 17:25, Ed Greshko wrote:
Do you think that last statement may be a bit confusing if he only has a HDD? 


Ahhh, never mind.  It may be useful/supported with thin LV.

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Re: Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Sreyan Chakravarty]

On Mon, 23 Nov 2020, 3:07 pm Ed Greshko,  wrote:

>
>
> Ahhh, never mind.  It may be useful/supported with thin LV.
>


Can someone tell me why these commands are useful ?

Does thin LVMs have problems deleting data?

>
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Re: Is TRIM or DISCARD needed for regular HDDs

[Ed Greshko]

On 23/11/2020 19:23, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:



On Mon, 23 Nov 2020, 3:07 pm Ed Greshko, mailto:ed.gres...@greshko.com>> wrote:



Ahhh, never mind.  It may be useful/supported with thin LV.



Can someone tell me why these commands are useful ?

Does thin LVMs have problems deleting data?




No.  I think you need to check out 
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/logical_volume_manager_administration/thinprovisioned_volumes
 to see the use cases
for thin-provisioned lvm storage.

What I see as a key phrase in that document is:

To make sure that all available space can be used, LVM supports data discard. 
This allows for re-use of the space that was formerly used by a discarded file 
or other block range.

And that would be when "fstrim" would be useful.

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Spotify - Negativo17 vs FlatPak

[Jorge Fábregas]

Hi everyone,

I've been using Spotify for the last year (via Flatpak) and it's been
working perfectly fine (not a single crash).  I'm not fond on using
snaps, flatpaks or appimages unless really necessary but at the time I
installed it the general consensus was that Flatpak (at least for
Spotify) was the best option in Fedora.

I'm migrating from F31 to F33 soon and was wondering how's the
Negativo17 package these days? Or should I stick to the Flatpak?

I know there may be some dependency collisions between RPM Fusion and
Negativo17 but I think Spotify would be the only package I'll be using
from Negativo17 (with repo disabled afterwards except for updates).

Thanks.

-- 
Jorge
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Jonathan Billings]

On Sun, Nov 22, 2020 at 08:47:33PM -0700, Chris Murphy wrote:
> ext4 I think it has some kind of dump facility but the man page for
> dumpe2fs doesn't look like it does that. So I'm not sure.

dumpe2fs is for dumping the filesystem information for ext2/3/4.  The
package name for the filesystem dump/restore is appropriately named
'dump' and contains a 'dump' and 'restore' executable.  The advantages
of being there before the others. :)

'dump' is probably the most appropriate tool to capture an ext4 volume
to be converted to a thin-provisioned volume.  Tar could also work as
long as you capture all the extended (selinux) attributes, which I
don't believe were described in the other post.  dump/restore will
only copy the data (and not unused blocks) and it reads the filesystem
directly rather than going through the VFS layer.

-- 
Jonathan Billings 
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Odd screen rotation misbehavior

[Matthew Saltzman]

I have a Lenovo Yoga X1 (2nd gen) with Intel graphics, running GNOME
(fully up to date). Recently, the screen rotation lock control in the
system menu (drop-down in the upper right corner) disappeared and the
screen stopped auto-rotating. I had been running in Xorg mode because
certain Zoom features don't work under Wayland. At some point, I
switched to Wayland mode and the control reappeared and auto-rotation
started working. That worked for a while, but then the control
disappeared again. I switched back to Xorg mode and the control is
back.

Anyone have any idea what's going on and/or how I can get consistent
behavior?

Thanks for any hints.
-- 
Matthew Saltzman
School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
Clemson University
mjs AT clemson DOT edu
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Re: 'smbclient' Crashing on Fedora 33

[stan via users]

On Sun, 22 Nov 2020 13:47:47 -0500
Tim Evans  wrote:

> My backups have consistently failed since my upgrade to F33 (were 
> working without problems for years before, and most recently on F32).

> Anybody have further suggestions, please?

I don't know is this is relevant, but ssh in F33 stopped allowing
crypto algorithms that are deemed insecure.  You can see another thread
about this on this list, Re: Post F32->F33 upgrade rsync w ssh fails
If smbclient is using ssh, then it could be having the same problem.
Here is one workaround.

"""
In the meantime, for the sake of expediency, I've issued the
following command on the client F33 machines as root:
update-crypto-policies --set LEGACY
"""

See that other thread for more workarounds and fixes.
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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Robert Nichols]

On 11/23/20 2:08 AM, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:



On Mon, Nov 23, 2020 at 1:37 PM Samuel Sieb mailto:sam...@sieb.net>> wrote:

No.  Unless you are trying to recover a failing drive, you would not
want either of those.


So do I use partclone or dd ?


partclone understands filesystems and will avoid copying the free space.

dd just copies the entire device (drive, partition, LVM logical volume,
decrypted container, ...) bit-for-bit.

If you have a broken filesystem or are trying to examine deleted files
or do other forensic analysis, then "dd" is the appropriate choice.
Otherwise, "partclone" or other filesystem-aware tools are more
efficient. That is particularly true if the destination is on an SSD,
where you really do _not_ want to be storing the content of all the
free space.

--
Bob Nichols "NOSPAM" is really part of my email address.
Do NOT delete it.
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Re: 'smbclient' Crashing on Fedora 33

[stan via users]

On Mon, 23 Nov 2020 08:13:27 -0700
stan  wrote:

> On Sun, 22 Nov 2020 13:47:47 -0500
> Tim Evans  wrote:
> 
> > My backups have consistently failed since my upgrade to F33 (were 
> > working without problems for years before, and most recently on
> > F32).  
> 
> > Anybody have further suggestions, please?  
> 

> If smbclient is using ssh, then it could be having the same
> problem. Here is one workaround.
> 
> """
> In the meantime, for the sake of expediency, I've issued the
> following command on the client F33 machines as root:
> update-crypto-policies --set LEGACY
> """

PS If this turns out to be your problem, then the cryptographic
algorithm you are using is considered insecure enough to be disabled.
It might be enough to discourage script kiddies, but any sophisticated
attacker will probably be able to access your data (if they want to
expend the resources).
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lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Denis Shaposhnikov]

Hi!

After upgrade my Fedora from 32 to 33 I found Meta key in the
gnome-terminal works strange. Looks like now the gnome-terminal
recognizes Alt key as Meta key. Everywhere in the system Win key is
the Meta key and in the gnome-terminal only Alt key is the Meta key. I
see it because before Win+Backspace deleted the whole word, but now it
deletes just one symbol and Alt+Backspace deletes the whole word. Does
anybody know how to return it to previous behavior?
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HTML/PDF -

[Bob Goodwin]

What is the best way to convert an HTML file to PDF. I have a two page 
report in HTML form that I want to change to PDF. I can scan a printed 
copy but I would like to convert the HTML file I received to PDF. 
LibreOffice reformat it into a four page document, I would prefer to 
keep the original two page style.


Bob

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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Tom Horsley]

On Mon, 23 Nov 2020 14:37:06 -0500
Bob Goodwin wrote:

> What is the best way to convert an HTML file to PDF.

Print it to a pdf? (Install cups-pdf if required).
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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Jorge Fábregas]

On 11/23/20 3:37 PM, Bob Goodwin wrote:
> What is the best way to convert an HTML file to PDF.

You can open the HTML with Firefox and then Print --> Print to File
(the default is PDF).

If you want something in the command-line maybe the grand king of
document conversions:  pandoc.

HTH,
Jorge
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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Andras Simon]

2020-11-23 20:37 UTC+01:00, Bob Goodwin :
> What is the best way to convert an HTML file to PDF. I have a two page
> report in HTML form that I want to change to PDF. I can scan a printed
> copy but I would like to convert the HTML file I received to PDF.
> LibreOffice reformat it into a four page document, I would prefer to
> keep the original two page style.

I don't know if there is a best way, but you could try ebook-convert
(part of the calibre package). If you're lucky, you'll be satisfied
with the result of

ebook-convert your.html your.pdf

Otherwise, you'll need to read about the options here:
https://manual.calibre-ebook.com/generated/en/ebook-convert.html#pdf-output-options

Andras
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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Richard Ibbotson]

Hi

https://html2pdf.com/

This might work.

-- 
Richard
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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Thomas Dineen]

Have you looked at the Open Source Office Suites?

Libre Office of Apache

There "MS Word" equivalent is fluent in maney formats.

Also just cut and paste into word and save as pdf?

Thomas Dineen


On 11/23/2020 11:54 AM, Richard Ibbotson wrote:

Hi

https://html2pdf.com/

This might work.


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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 1:02 AM, Michael D. Setzer II via users wrote:

dd bs=1M if=$localback |lzop -c - > /mnt/local$localpath$localimagename

I use lzop for compression of image, since it gives good compress and is 
considerable faster than gzip.


Note: Since it does copy all blocks, it is best to clear the currently 
unused blocks before hand. Long ago, did an image of a disk with clean 
install of Fedora 3 on 80GB disk. Image created was 12G in size 
compress. Cleared free space, and redid imaged, and size dropped to 
2.5G. Compression does depend on what is on disk..


This is still not suitable for his purpose.  It's not about the 
compressed size, it's about the number of blocks copied.  Using dd, you 
are still copying *all* the unused blocks which will be really bad for a 
thin LV which is the intended destination.

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Re: 'smbclient' Crashing on Fedora 33

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 7:13 AM, stan via users wrote:

On Sun, 22 Nov 2020 13:47:47 -0500
Tim Evans  wrote:


My backups have consistently failed since my upgrade to F33 (were
working without problems for years before, and most recently on F32).



Anybody have further suggestions, please?


I don't know is this is relevant, but ssh in F33 stopped allowing
crypto algorithms that are deemed insecure.  You can see another thread
about this on this list, Re: Post F32->F33 upgrade rsync w ssh fails
If smbclient is using ssh, then it could be having the same problem.
Here is one workaround.


SMBclient uses the SMB protocol, nothing to do with ssh or crypto 
algorithms.

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Re: lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 8:07 AM, Denis Shaposhnikov wrote:

After upgrade my Fedora from 32 to 33 I found Meta key in the
gnome-terminal works strange. Looks like now the gnome-terminal
recognizes Alt key as Meta key. Everywhere in the system Win key is
the Meta key and in the gnome-terminal only Alt key is the Meta key. I
see it because before Win+Backspace deleted the whole word, but now it
deletes just one symbol and Alt+Backspace deletes the whole word. Does
anybody know how to return it to previous behavior?


From the gnome-terminal help, it says that alt-backspace is the *bash* 
shortcut to delete the previous word.  So the current behaviour is 
correct.  I can only guess that the terminal changed the handling of 
meta vs alt for passing to bash.

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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Michael D. Setzer II via users]

On 23 Nov 2020 at 12:50, Samuel Sieb wrote:

Subject:Re: Clone logical volume using dd
To: users@lists.fedoraproject.org
From:   Samuel Sieb 
Date sent:  Mon, 23 Nov 2020 12:50:46 -0800
Send reply to:  Community support for Fedora users 


> On 11/23/20 1:02 AM, Michael D. Setzer II via users wrote:
> > dd bs=1M if=$localback |lzop -c - > /mnt/local$localpath$localimagename
> > 
> > I use lzop for compression of image, since it gives good compress and is 
> > considerable faster than gzip.
> > 
> > Note: Since it does copy all blocks, it is best to clear the currently 
> > unused blocks before hand. Long ago, did an image of a disk with clean 
> > install of Fedora 3 on 80GB disk. Image created was 12G in size 
> > compress. Cleared free space, and redid imaged, and size dropped to 
> > 2.5G. Compression does depend on what is on disk..
> 
> This is still not suitable for his purpose.  It's not about the 
> compressed size, it's about the number of blocks copied.  Using dd, you 
> are still copying *all* the unused blocks which will be really bad for a 
> thin LV which is the intended destination.

The difference between a bit level image and an image that has to 
understand all aspects of the partition info. If the unused data blocks are 
cleared by filling with nulls, it compress to nothing. The resulting images 
are very similar in size. 

Agree, it takes longer to make the image, since it does have to read all 
blocks of the disk/partition, but it copies all data. Using a program that 
determines what needs to be backed up and what doesn't may or may not 
copy everything at some point. 

With the disk bit level images, one could restore to a new disk, and not 
have to do any prep of creating the partition setup, since that was already 
included in the image. With partitions, that isn't an issue.

I had linux and windows on my classroom machines, and sometimes 
imaged one system to all the other machines using udpcast with bit level 
image. Also, had options to be able to restore the windows image in 
about 10 minutes to its partition from the local extra partition.  

So, just another option. 


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++
 Michael D. Setzer II - Computer Science Instructor (Retired) 
 mailto:mi...@guam.net
 mailto:msetze...@gmail.com
 Guam - Where America's Day Begins
 G4L Disk Imaging Project maintainer 
 http://sourceforge.net/projects/g4l/
++


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Re: lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Denis Shaposhnikov]

On 23/11/2020 22:04, Samuel Sieb wrote:
 From the gnome-terminal help, it says that alt-backspace is the *bash* 
shortcut to delete the previous word.  So the current behaviour is 


Alt-backspace is just an example. Another example is navigation by 
words. In F32 it was Win+F/Win-B for forward/back navigation by words 
and now in F33 it's Alt-F/Alt-B.

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Re: Clone logical volume using dd

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 1:35 PM, Michael D. Setzer II wrote:

On 23 Nov 2020 at 12:50, Samuel Sieb wrote:

This is still not suitable for his purpose.  It's not about the
compressed size, it's about the number of blocks copied.  Using dd, you
are still copying *all* the unused blocks which will be really bad for a
thin LV which is the intended destination.


The difference between a bit level image and an image that has to
understand all aspects of the partition info. If the unused data blocks are
cleared by filling with nulls, it compress to nothing. The resulting images
are very similar in size.

Agree, it takes longer to make the image, since it does have to read all
blocks of the disk/partition, but it copies all data. Using a program that
determines what needs to be backed up and what doesn't may or may not
copy everything at some point.

With the disk bit level images, one could restore to a new disk, and not
have to do any prep of creating the partition setup, since that was already
included in the image. With partitions, that isn't an issue.

I had linux and windows on my classroom machines, and sometimes
imaged one system to all the other machines using udpcast with bit level
image. Also, had options to be able to restore the windows image in
about 10 minutes to its partition from the local extra partition.


For general imaging, dd is fine.  But you need to read the context here. 
 He wants to make an image of the current filesystem in order to write 
it back to a thin LV.  For that purpose, you only want to be writing the 
used blocks.  Otherwise, you will be wasting all the space and the thin 
LV becomes useless.  I suppose if there is enough space available, you 
could run a trim afterwards to get the space back, but that's really 
inefficient.

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Re: lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 1:47 PM, Denis Shaposhnikov wrote:

On 23/11/2020 22:04, Samuel Sieb wrote:
 From the gnome-terminal help, it says that alt-backspace is the 
*bash* shortcut to delete the previous word.  So the current behaviour is 


Alt-backspace is just an example. Another example is navigation by 
words. In F32 it was Win+F/Win-B for forward/back navigation by words 
and now in F33 it's Alt-F/Alt-B.


Which is still the same answer I gave.  Those are bash shortcuts which 
are supposed to use ALT.  I suspect that gnome-terminal was mapping Meta 
to Alt to avoid conflict with its own shortcuts, but realized that was a 
bad idea.

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Re: HTML/PDF -

[Bob Goodwin]

On 2020-11-23 14:54, Richard Ibbotson wrote:

https://html2pdf.com/

This might work.

Yes and it was good enough for what I needed.

Thanks to everyone for the alternatives which I will save ...

--
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FEDORA-32/64bit LINUX XFCE Fastmail POP3
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Re: lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Denis Shaposhnikov]

On 23/11/2020 23:16, Samuel Sieb wrote:
Which is still the same answer I gave.  Those are bash shortcuts which 
are supposed to use ALT.  I suspect that gnome-terminal was mapping Meta 


OK, the question is how to change it and configure using of Win keys 
instead of Alt keys? BTW, I don't use bash in the terminal, I use zsh.

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Re: lost the meta key in gnome-terminal after 32 -> 33 upgrade

[Samuel Sieb]

On 11/23/20 2:28 PM, Denis Shaposhnikov wrote:

On 23/11/2020 23:16, Samuel Sieb wrote:
Which is still the same answer I gave.  Those are bash shortcuts which 
are supposed to use ALT.  I suspect that gnome-terminal was mapping Meta 


OK, the question is how to change it and configure using of Win keys 
instead of Alt keys? BTW, I don't use bash in the terminal, I use zsh.


You really doubt that you'll be able to switch it back.  It could 
possibly be also related to Wayland, but that's speculation.
I guess zsh either uses the same shortcuts or more likely the same input 
library as bash.

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NFS Problems in Fedora 33

[Richard Kimberly Heck]

Hi, all,

Since upgrading to Fedora 33, I am having some problems accessing files 
on NFS shares. I should say first that, immediately after the upgrade, 
the shares would not mount at all. I was getting the error:


mount.nfs4: Operation not permitted when mounting NFS device

even when attempting to mount manually. Eventually, I found some info 
online that suggested mounting manually as root, which created some 
symlink or other. After that, the shares would mount automatically at boot.


However, now, as I said, I have problems accessing files on said shares. 
The directory ~/files/ is an NFS mount from a server running CentOS 7. 
My LyX user directory is at ~/files/config/lyx/ (symlinked from 
~/.lyx/). LyX refuses to start, blocking at a call to
lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0) at support/filetools.cpp, during startup. (I 
believe that fd here points at a file on the NFS share.) I can 
successfully start LyX via:


    lyx -userdir ~/tmp/lyx

say. I can then restart LyX with the same command and all is well. I can 
also start it with


    lyx -userdir ~/files/lyxnew/

where that is a *non-existent* directory on the NFS share. In that case, 
LyX goes through its configuration process and starts normally. However, 
if I then attempt to run that same command again, LyX does not start. 
Also, if ~/files/lyxnew/ does exist, then LyX will not start, even if it 
is empty.


I am seeing a similar problem with Libre Office. I can starti fine, but 
if I then attempt to open a file from ~/files/, Libre Office freezes. It 
does not matter when it is ODT or ODS, say. I have not seen the problem 
in other programs, but I only upgraded yesterday.


I am guessing that there is something wrong with the NFS configuration. 
But I did not change anything myself.


Riki


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Re: Why is the LibreOffice group blank ?

[Stephen Morris]

On 21/11/20 12:30 pm, Ed Greshko wrote:

On 21/11/2020 09:06, Samuel Sieb wrote:

On 11/20/20 3:31 PM, Ed Greshko wrote:

On 21/11/2020 04:54, Sreyan Chakravarty wrote:

Why is there a blank group of LibreOffice ?


Why aren't the required packages in it ?


On my F33 system I get

[egreshko@meimei ~]$ dnf group info @libreoffice
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:28 ago on Sat Nov 21 07:28:22 
2020.

Warning: Group @libreoffice does not exist.


When you're doing group commands, you don't use the "@".  That's 
only for package management commands to distinguish it from a package 
name.


"LibreOffice" and "libreoffice" are equivalent.  The latter is the 
short form which makes more sense with other groups, particularly 
ones with spaces.


OK.  I'll admit that I've not spent much time on the "@" form and 
when/how it is used.
At least I did learn that using "dnf -v group list" provides both the 
long and non-space forms of

group names.  And using --hidden reveals additional defined groups.
Using dnf group list --ids also shows the long and short form of group 
names.


regards,
Steve


---
The key to getting good answers is to ask good questions.

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Re: NFS Problems in Fedora 33

[Jonathan Billings]

On Nov 23, 2020, at 19:05, Richard Kimberly Heck  wrote:
> 
> LyX refuses to start, blocking at a call to 
> lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0) at support/filetools.cpp, during startup. (I believe 
> that fd here points at a file on the NFS share.)

Did you end up using NFSv4?  It sounds like a locking problem but the 
implementation differs significantly between v3 and v4.

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Re: NFS Problems in Fedora 33

[Richard Kimberly Heck]

On 11/23/20 9:17 PM, Jonathan Billings wrote:

On Nov 23, 2020, at 19:05, Richard Kimberly Heck  wrote:


LyX refuses to start, blocking at a call to
lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0) at support/filetools.cpp, during startup. (I 
believe that fd here points at a file on the NFS share.)


Did you end up using NFSv4?  It sounds like a locking problem but the 
implementation differs significantly between v3 and v4.


I believe it is v3 on the server. If I specify nfs4 as the filesystem 
type, then I get:


mount.nfs4: mounting 192.168.1.2://home/photos/ failed, reason given by 
server: No such file or directory


The directory exists, so I guess it must not be exported that way.

Here's the relevant portion of /etc/fstab on the client:

192.168.1.2://home/rikiheck/files /home/rikiheck/files nfs 
auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,exec,_netdev 0 0
192.168.1.2://multi/  /mnt/mail/multi  nfs 
auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,noexec,_netdev 0 0
192.168.1.2://home/photos /mnt/mail/photos nfs 
auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,noexec,_netdev 0 0


Riki



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Re: NFS Problems in Fedora 33

[Stephen Morris]

On 24/11/20 1:55 pm, Richard Kimberly Heck wrote:

On 11/23/20 9:17 PM, Jonathan Billings wrote:
On Nov 23, 2020, at 19:05, Richard Kimberly Heck  
wrote:


LyX refuses to start, blocking at a call to
lockf(fd, F_LOCK, 0) at support/filetools.cpp, during startup. (I 
believe that fd here points at a file on the NFS share.)


Did you end up using NFSv4?  It sounds like a locking problem but 
the implementation differs significantly between v3 and v4.


I believe it is v3 on the server. If I specify nfs4 as the filesystem 
type, then I get:


mount.nfs4: mounting 192.168.1.2://home/photos/ failed, reason given 
by server: No such file or directory


The directory exists, so I guess it must not be exported that way.

Here's the relevant portion of /etc/fstab on the client:

192.168.1.2://home/rikiheck/files /home/rikiheck/files nfs 
auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,exec,_netdev 0 0
192.168.1.2://multi/  
/mnt/mail/multi  nfs auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,noexec,_netdev 0 0
192.168.1.2://home/photos 
/mnt/mail/photos nfs auto,nouser,rw,dev,nosuid,noexec,_netdev 0 0


Riki


I think Fedora uses nfs version 4 by default. As one of the options I 
think you can specify nfsver=3 which should cause Fedora to use version 
3 of nfs, which might resolve your issue. I have a nas disk which uses 
nfs version 1 and I have had to specify nfsver=3 to mount it.


regards,
Steve




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