[toaster] RH 7.3 / courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2 compile fail

2004-02-27 Thread Abel Lucano

hi all,

I'm trying this in 2 different stock RH 7.3 boxes, following Bill's steps
with the latest snapshot of courier-imap:

tar -xjf tar/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2
cd courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
# build as vpopmail
chown -R vpopmail:vchkpw ../courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
su vpopmail
# configure may take some time...
./configure
# note: redhat 9 users need to add "--with-redhat"

comment 1:
it seems to be necessary add "--with-redhat" even in RH7.3

comment 2:  make fails exiting with:

"
make[2]: Entering directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
Compiling big5.c
big5.c: In function `c2u_doconv':
big5.c:311: parse error before `ucv'
big5.c:318: `ucv' undeclared (first use in this function)
big5.c:318: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
big5.c:318: for each function it appears in.)
make[2]: *** [big5.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
"


When I switched back to courier-imap-2.2.1.tar.bz2 and re-try, it
compiles smoothly as usual.

I don't tried in another OS's yet so I cannot say if this a general
problem

regards

Abel Lucano
[EMAIL PROTECTED]







Re: [toaster] RH 7.3 / courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2 compile fail

2004-02-27 Thread Bill Shupp
Abel Lucano wrote:

hi all,

I'm trying this in 2 different stock RH 7.3 boxes, following Bill's steps
with the latest snapshot of courier-imap:
tar -xjf tar/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2
cd courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
# build as vpopmail
chown -R vpopmail:vchkpw ../courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
su vpopmail
# configure may take some time...
./configure
# note: redhat 9 users need to add "--with-redhat"
comment 1:
it seems to be necessary add "--with-redhat" even in RH7.3
I have removed the "9" from the comment.

comment 2:  make fails exiting with:

"
make[2]: Entering directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
Compiling big5.c
big5.c: In function `c2u_doconv':
big5.c:311: parse error before `ucv'
big5.c:318: `ucv' undeclared (first use in this function)
big5.c:318: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
big5.c:318: for each function it appears in.)
make[2]: *** [big5.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
"
When I switched back to courier-imap-2.2.1.tar.bz2 and re-try, it
compiles smoothly as usual.
The only thing 2.2.1 is missing is vlimits support.  That's why I used 
the pre-release.  Hopefull this will be fixed by the final release.  It 
does work fine on RH 9, fwiw.

Thanks,

Bill Shupp


RE: [toaster] RH 7.3 / courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2 compile fail

2004-02-27 Thread Shane Chrisp
>The only thing 2.2.1 is missing is vlimits support.  That's why I used 
>the pre-release.  Hopefull this will be fixed by the final 
>release.  It 
>does work fine on RH 9, fwiw.
>

I have compiled courier-imap-2.2.2.20040118 on RH7.3 and its running fine.
I used the following to compile.

./configure --without-authpwd --without-authshadow --without-authpam
--without-authuserdb --without-authcram --without-authldap
--without-authmysql --without-authpgsql --without-authcustom
--without-authdaemon --disable-root-check --with-redhat

Its been working fine for me. I just recompiled a few nights ago to take the
trash included in quota out as it was causing more support calls than it was
worth.

Shane



Re: [toaster] RH 7.3 / courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2 compile fail

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
I agree - we needed to use --with-redhat on an RH8.0 installation.

At 01:12 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:

hi all,

I'm trying this in 2 different stock RH 7.3 boxes, following Bill's steps
with the latest snapshot of courier-imap:
tar -xjf tar/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207.tar.bz2
cd courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
# build as vpopmail
chown -R vpopmail:vchkpw ../courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207
su vpopmail
# configure may take some time...
./configure
# note: redhat 9 users need to add "--with-redhat"
comment 1:
it seems to be necessary add "--with-redhat" even in RH7.3
comment 2:  make fails exiting with:

"
make[2]: Entering directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
Compiling big5.c
big5.c: In function `c2u_doconv':
big5.c:311: parse error before `ucv'
big5.c:318: `ucv' undeclared (first use in this function)
big5.c:318: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
big5.c:318: for each function it appears in.)
make[2]: *** [big5.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make[1]: *** [all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/var/src/courier-imap-2.2.2.20040207/unicode'
make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
"
When I switched back to courier-imap-2.2.1.tar.bz2 and re-try, it
compiles smoothly as usual.
I don't tried in another OS's yet so I cannot say if this a general
problem
regards

Abel Lucano
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Best Regards,

Jeff Koch, Intersessions 




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Bill Shupp
Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of a 
mailserver runnning 
qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? We're using a 
2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating system is a 
basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file system. We're 
handling about 50K messages/day and seem to exhausting the capabilities 
of the server. During peak periods CPU idle time reaches 0% and load 
averages will exceed 10.0

We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) for 
changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to do with 
read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays before writing to 
disk but we have been afraid to try any of these for fear of making 
things worse.

We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to - 
particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work with qmail.

Thanks
Jeff,

In my experience, the first bottleneck is usually disk i/o.  Some steps 
you can take to alleviate this are:

1. Put /var/qmail/queue on its own disk, preferably not a raid.
2. If you use qmail-scanner, put /var/spool/qmailscan on its own disk
3. You can also try putting /var/log/qmail on its own disk if you can. 
But at least try and keep it on a different disk than /var/qmail/queue

Next, qmail-scanner/clamd/spamd tend to be the bottleneck.  You can try 
qscanq/qmail-spamc to get rid of qmail-scanner's perl overhead.  I have 
had success with qscanq on Linux, but had unexplained qq read errors on 
FreeBSD that I have not been able to explain yet.  So I'd try this only 
with caution.  You also might try moving some components off of this 
machine, like clamd, spamd, or even MySQL if you use it.

Hope this helps,

Bill Shupp


Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
Hi Bill:

Thanks for the reply.

I know how to run mysql from another server but how would one move spamd 
and clamd to another server? Your other suggestions are good but we're 
using a 1U rack server that unfortunately has room for one drive (big 
mistake!).

At 02:44 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:
Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of a 
mailserver runnning qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? 
We're using a 2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating 
system is a basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file system. 
We're handling about 50K messages/day and seem to exhausting the 
capabilities of the server. During peak periods CPU idle time reaches 0% 
and load averages will exceed 10.0
We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) for 
changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to do with 
read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays before writing to 
disk but we have been afraid to try any of these for fear of making 
things worse.
We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to - 
particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work with qmail.
Thanks
Jeff,

In my experience, the first bottleneck is usually disk i/o.  Some steps 
you can take to alleviate this are:

1. Put /var/qmail/queue on its own disk, preferably not a raid.
2. If you use qmail-scanner, put /var/spool/qmailscan on its own disk
3. You can also try putting /var/log/qmail on its own disk if you can. But 
at least try and keep it on a different disk than /var/qmail/queue

Next, qmail-scanner/clamd/spamd tend to be the bottleneck.  You can try 
qscanq/qmail-spamc to get rid of qmail-scanner's perl overhead.  I have 
had success with qscanq on Linux, but had unexplained qq read errors on 
FreeBSD that I have not been able to explain yet.  So I'd try this only 
with caution.  You also might try moving some components off of this 
machine, like clamd, spamd, or even MySQL if you use it.

Hope this helps,

Bill Shupp
Best Regards,

Jeff Koch 




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Peter Maag
   Jeff,
We had a similar problem, and our bottleneck was SpamAssassin and Clam 
Scanner.  We ended up putting SpamAssassin and Clamd on a seperate 
machine that simply scanned the incoming messages and passed them onto 
the primary mail machine that housed the vpopmail accounts, etc.

All you need to do is install Bill's toaster on a second machine with 
Qmailscanner, SpamAssassin, etc, etc. and then setup that machine to 
forward all mail to your primary box in /var/qmail/control/smtproutes

Works like a charm, just make sure DNS points to the scanning server in 
the MX route.

   Peter



Jeff Koch wrote:

Hi Bill:

Thanks for the reply.

I know how to run mysql from another server but how would one move 
spamd and clamd to another server? Your other suggestions are good but 
we're using a 1U rack server that unfortunately has room for one drive 
(big mistake!).

At 02:44 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:

Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of a 
mailserver runnning 
qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? We're using a 
2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating system 
is a basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file system. 
We're handling about 50K messages/day and seem to exhausting the 
capabilities of the server. During peak periods CPU idle time 
reaches 0% and load averages will exceed 10.0
We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) 
for changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to 
do with read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays before 
writing to disk but we have been afraid to try any of these for fear 
of making things worse.
We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to - 
particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work with 
qmail.
Thanks


Jeff,

In my experience, the first bottleneck is usually disk i/o.  Some 
steps you can take to alleviate this are:

1. Put /var/qmail/queue on its own disk, preferably not a raid.
2. If you use qmail-scanner, put /var/spool/qmailscan on its own disk
3. You can also try putting /var/log/qmail on its own disk if you 
can. But at least try and keep it on a different disk than 
/var/qmail/queue

Next, qmail-scanner/clamd/spamd tend to be the bottleneck.  You can 
try qscanq/qmail-spamc to get rid of qmail-scanner's perl overhead.  
I have had success with qscanq on Linux, but had unexplained qq read 
errors on FreeBSD that I have not been able to explain yet.  So I'd 
try this only with caution.  You also might try moving some 
components off of this machine, like clamd, spamd, or even MySQL if 
you use it.

Hope this helps,

Bill Shupp


Best Regards,

Jeff Koch




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Bill Shupp
Peter Maag wrote:
   Jeff,
We had a similar problem, and our bottleneck was SpamAssassin and Clam 
Scanner.  We ended up putting SpamAssassin and Clamd on a seperate 
machine that simply scanned the incoming messages and passed them onto 
the primary mail machine that housed the vpopmail accounts, etc.

All you need to do is install Bill's toaster on a second machine with 
Qmailscanner, SpamAssassin, etc, etc. and then setup that machine to 
forward all mail to your primary box in /var/qmail/control/smtproutes

Works like a charm, just make sure DNS points to the scanning server in 
the MX route.

   Peter
The one thing that you can lose by doing this is chkuser support.  Two 
workarounds are to use MySQL w/ valias support, or perhaps share the 
mail spool via NFS.

Regards,

Bill


Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Tom Collins
On Feb 27, 2004, at 3:08 PM, Bill Shupp wrote:
The one thing that you can lose by doing this is chkuser support.  Two 
workarounds are to use MySQL w/ valias support, or perhaps share the 
mail spool via NFS.
Mailing lists aren't stored in MySQL, even with valias support turned 
on.  I have ideas on how to do it, but I can't spare the time to work 
on it unless someone sponsors the work.

--
Tom Collins  -  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
QmailAdmin: http://qmailadmin.sf.net/  Vpopmail: http://vpopmail.sf.net/
Info on the Sniffter hand-held Network Tester: http://sniffter.com/


Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
Hi Peter:

I was thinking of that also. But didn't you lose the benefit of 'checkuser' 
patch. We have one domain that used to have a catch-all and now gets 40,000 
spams a day addressed  to every possible name. We shut down the catch-all 
and the checkuser patch rejects them all saving us all kind of CPU cycles.

At 03:29 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:
   Jeff,
We had a similar problem, and our bottleneck was SpamAssassin and Clam 
Scanner.  We ended up putting SpamAssassin and Clamd on a seperate machine 
that simply scanned the incoming messages and passed them onto the primary 
mail machine that housed the vpopmail accounts, etc.

All you need to do is install Bill's toaster on a second machine with 
Qmailscanner, SpamAssassin, etc, etc. and then setup that machine to 
forward all mail to your primary box in /var/qmail/control/smtproutes

Works like a charm, just make sure DNS points to the scanning server in 
the MX route.

   Peter



Jeff Koch wrote:

Hi Bill:

Thanks for the reply.

I know how to run mysql from another server but how would one move spamd 
and clamd to another server? Your other suggestions are good but we're 
using a 1U rack server that unfortunately has room for one drive (big 
mistake!).

At 02:44 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:

Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of a 
mailserver runnning 
qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? We're using a 
2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating system is a 
basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file system. We're 
handling about 50K messages/day and seem to exhausting the capabilities 
of the server. During peak periods CPU idle time reaches 0% and load 
averages will exceed 10.0
We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) for 
changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to do with 
read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays before writing to 
disk but we have been afraid to try any of these for fear of making 
things worse.
We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to - 
particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work with qmail.
Thanks


Jeff,

In my experience, the first bottleneck is usually disk i/o.  Some steps 
you can take to alleviate this are:

1. Put /var/qmail/queue on its own disk, preferably not a raid.
2. If you use qmail-scanner, put /var/spool/qmailscan on its own disk
3. You can also try putting /var/log/qmail on its own disk if you can. 
But at least try and keep it on a different disk than /var/qmail/queue

Next, qmail-scanner/clamd/spamd tend to be the bottleneck.  You can try 
qscanq/qmail-spamc to get rid of qmail-scanner's perl overhead.
I have had success with qscanq on Linux, but had unexplained qq read 
errors on FreeBSD that I have not been able to explain yet.  So I'd try 
this only with caution.  You also might try moving some components off 
of this machine, like clamd, spamd, or even MySQL if you use it.

Hope this helps,

Bill Shupp


Best Regards,

Jeff Koch

Best Regards,

Jeff Koch, Intersessions 




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Peter Maag
   Jeff,
Yes, as Bill pointed out we do loose the benefit of the checkuser patch, 
but many of our users use catch-all accounts.  So, in that respect there 
really was no downside in not going with the chkuser patch(unless I am 
mistaken, and it works with catchalls).

   Peter

Jeff Koch wrote:

Hi Peter:

I was thinking of that also. But didn't you lose the benefit of 
'checkuser' patch. We have one domain that used to have a catch-all 
and now gets 40,000 spams a day addressed  to every possible name. We 
shut down the catch-all and the checkuser patch rejects them all 
saving us all kind of CPU cycles.

At 03:29 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:

   Jeff,
We had a similar problem, and our bottleneck was SpamAssassin and 
Clam Scanner.  We ended up putting SpamAssassin and Clamd on a 
seperate machine that simply scanned the incoming messages and passed 
them onto the primary mail machine that housed the vpopmail accounts, 
etc.

All you need to do is install Bill's toaster on a second machine with 
Qmailscanner, SpamAssassin, etc, etc. and then setup that machine to 
forward all mail to your primary box in /var/qmail/control/smtproutes

Works like a charm, just make sure DNS points to the scanning server 
in the MX route.

   Peter



Jeff Koch wrote:

Hi Bill:

Thanks for the reply.

I know how to run mysql from another server but how would one move 
spamd and clamd to another server? Your other suggestions are good 
but we're using a 1U rack server that unfortunately has room for one 
drive (big mistake!).

At 02:44 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:

Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of 
a mailserver runnning 
qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? We're using 
a 2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating 
system is a basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file 
system. We're handling about 50K messages/day and seem to 
exhausting the capabilities of the server. During peak periods CPU 
idle time reaches 0% and load averages will exceed 10.0
We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) 
for changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to 
do with read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays 
before writing to disk but we have been afraid to try any of these 
for fear of making things worse.
We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to 
- particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work 
with qmail.
Thanks


Jeff,

In my experience, the first bottleneck is usually disk i/o.  Some 
steps you can take to alleviate this are:

1. Put /var/qmail/queue on its own disk, preferably not a raid.
2. If you use qmail-scanner, put /var/spool/qmailscan on its own disk
3. You can also try putting /var/log/qmail on its own disk if you 
can. But at least try and keep it on a different disk than 
/var/qmail/queue

Next, qmail-scanner/clamd/spamd tend to be the bottleneck.  You can 
try qscanq/qmail-spamc to get rid of qmail-scanner's perl overhead.
I have had success with qscanq on Linux, but had unexplained qq 
read errors on FreeBSD that I have not been able to explain yet.  
So I'd try this only with caution.  You also might try moving some 
components off of this machine, like clamd, spamd, or even MySQL if 
you use it.

Hope this helps,

Bill Shupp


Best Regards,

Jeff Koch


Best Regards,

Jeff Koch, Intersessions




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Bill Shupp
Tom Collins wrote:
On Feb 27, 2004, at 3:08 PM, Bill Shupp wrote:

The one thing that you can lose by doing this is chkuser support.  Two 
workarounds are to use MySQL w/ valias support, or perhaps share the 
mail spool via NFS.


Mailing lists aren't stored in MySQL, even with valias support turned 
on.  I have ideas on how to do it, but I can't spare the time to work on 
it unless someone sponsors the work.
True.  So perhaps the best setup, if you need mailing list support and 
chkuser, is to use NFS with MySQL.

Regards,

Bill


[toaster] controlling size of attachments

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
Does anyone know of a patch that would allow the mailserver to reject 
emails/attachments over a certain size?



Best Regards,

Jeff Koch 




Re: [toaster] controlling size of attachments

2004-02-27 Thread Peter Maag
   Jeff,
That functionality is built into QMail.  Edit/Create the file: 
/var/qmail/control/databytes 

Enter a value in there in bytes(i.e. my max is 5MB so it reads: 500)

   Thats it!

   Peter



Jeff Koch wrote:

Does anyone know of a patch that would allow the mailserver to reject 
emails/attachments over a certain size?



Best Regards,

Jeff Koch




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
We thought about using valias support but even with that mailinglists and 
autoresponders addresses would be missed. NFS mounting of /home/vpopmail 
always seems a little risky to us. We're going to try mirroring via rsync 
just the top couple of levels of the /home/vpopmail/domains directories so 
the chkuser patch has something to check against.

At 05:08 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:
Peter Maag wrote:
   Jeff,
We had a similar problem, and our bottleneck was SpamAssassin and Clam 
Scanner.  We ended up putting SpamAssassin and Clamd on a seperate 
machine that simply scanned the incoming messages and passed them onto 
the primary mail machine that housed the vpopmail accounts, etc.
All you need to do is install Bill's toaster on a second machine with 
Qmailscanner, SpamAssassin, etc, etc. and then setup that machine to 
forward all mail to your primary box in /var/qmail/control/smtproutes
Works like a charm, just make sure DNS points to the scanning server in 
the MX route.
   Peter
The one thing that you can lose by doing this is chkuser support.  Two 
workarounds are to use MySQL w/ valias support, or perhaps share the mail 
spool via NFS.

Regards,

Bill
Best Regards,

Jeff Koch, Intersessions 




Re: [toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
Has anyone ever tried this - is it a reliable solution? do the servers bog 
down waiting for NFS repsonses?

At 06:04 PM 2/27/2004, you wrote:
Tom Collins wrote:
On Feb 27, 2004, at 3:08 PM, Bill Shupp wrote:

The one thing that you can lose by doing this is chkuser support.  Two 
workarounds are to use MySQL w/ valias support, or perhaps share the 
mail spool via NFS.
Mailing lists aren't stored in MySQL, even with valias support turned 
on.  I have ideas on how to do it, but I can't spare the time to work on 
it unless someone sponsors the work.
True.  So perhaps the best setup, if you need mailing list support and 
chkuser, is to use NFS with MySQL.

Regards,

Bill
Best Regards,

Jeff Koch, Intersessions 




[toaster] Suggestions for improving performance

2004-02-27 Thread Jeff Koch
Does anybody have any suggestion for improving the performance of a 
mailserver runnning qmail/vpopmail/qmailadmin/qmail-scanner/spamassassin? 
We're using a 2.4Ghz P4 with 1GB RAM and a 40GB SCSI drive. The operating 
system is a basic RH8.0 install with the ext3 journalling file system. 
We're handling about 50K messages/day and seem to exhausting the 
capabilities of the server. During peak periods CPU idle time reaches 0% 
and load averages will exceed 10.0

We've seen some recommendations ( 
http://people.redhat.com/alikins/system_tuning.html , for example) for 
changing hard disk and file system parameters mostly having to do with 
read/write caching and cache sizes and minumum delays before writing to 
disk but we have been afraid to try any of these for fear of making things 
worse.

We would welcome any suggestions or URL's that you could point to - 
particularly with respect to performance tuning that will work with qmail.

Thanks



Best Regards,

Jeff Koch