A question about reference in Python.
Hello, I'm studying algorithom. For concentrating on the question itself, I
intend to use Python to implement the algorithoms.
Now, I want to write a Red-Black Tree, and a List structure. In C/C++, I
can
use pointers to refer to children notes (or next notes). But, in
Python, how
can I do it? Except the sequence, I know not any way.
You'd better help me understan how can I transform the following C code into
Python:
/* a List */
struct {
int data;
int *next;
int *prev;
}
That's all. Thanks!
Kermit
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Re: Books?
On Aug 21, 7:04 pm, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Wed, Aug 22, 2012 at 11:39 AM, Roy Smith wrote: > > In article > > <5203ee16-5a80-4cd9-9434-ee2efb645...@kg10g2000pbc.googlegroups.com>, > > Anonymous Group wrote: > > >> What books do you recomend for learning python? Preferably free and/or > >> online. > > > I would start withhttp://docs.python.org/tutorial/ > > Agreed. And for anything beyond that, I would recommend the anonymous > OP offer some more information, such as current programming skill > level and languages known. > > But the tutorial is a good start regardless. > > ChrisA Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Google AI Challenge at U of Waterloo
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Re: Usual practice: running/testing modules in a package
On Fri, Aug 22, 2008 at 1:25 PM, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > what if __init__.py contains code? Thats what I usually do to solve the "problem", but for my taste it's better to write the test code of a module inside it. The code I write in "__init__.py" is related to structures of initializations, globals at package level. if __name__ == "__main__": pass # Here I test only concepts related to the entire package, not to any module. Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generate alphabet?
On Fri, Aug 22, 2008 at 6:02 PM, ssecorp <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> .['a'..'z'] for a list of the alphabet.
>
> Is there a way in Python to generate chars?
Not as nice as in Haskell (or other languages), but:
[chr(i) for i in xrange(ord('a'), ord('z')+1)]
Regards
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Re: >> and << operators?
On Fri, Aug 22, 2008 at 6:30 PM, defn noob <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > What does >> and << do? Normally they are bitwise operators: >> Shifts bits right << Shifts bits left print 1 << 3 8 because 8 = 1000 in binary Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Generators can only yield ints?
On Fri, Aug 22, 2008 at 6:44 PM, defn noob <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> def letters():
>a = xrange(ord('a'), ord('z')+1)
>B = xrange(ord('A'), ord('Z')+1)
>while True:
>yield chr(a)
>yield chr(B)
>
>
> TypeError: an integer is required
No. The problem is that "chr function" receives "int"
"a" and "B" are generators of "int" items.
What exactly you intent with that code?
Maybe:
#
def letters():
for i in xrange(ord('a'), ord('z')+1):
yield chr(i)
for i in xrange(ord('A'), ord('Z')+1):
yield chr(i)
for letter in letters():
print letter
#
Regards
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Re: Regex on a huge text
On Fri, Aug 22, 2008 at 4:48 PM, Terry Reedy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Does not grep only work a line at a time? Just like the code below? My understanding was that if the regex contains "^" and "$", it will matches in the full file. I wasn't never test it. I tested just before, and didn't work :( If you have a notion of the maximum amount of lines, there is an easy solution. Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recursively change values in list of lists
On Sun, Aug 24, 2008 at 10:17 AM, Carson Farmer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > So in the end, the only thing that should be changed is the values, > not the lists themselves... clear as mud? > > Any hints, and/or suggestions are greatly appreciated, You gave the solution yourself. I don't know if your inner polygons can contain lines and polygons, or only lines, so: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Copyright (c) 2008 Medardo Rodriguez (Merchise Group) # # This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under # the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) as published by the # Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your # option) any later version. # # :) def MoveDelta(target, dx, dy): for item in target: if isinstance(item[0], list):# is item a polygon? MoveDelta(item, dx, dy) # Recursive version else: assert len(item) == 2# make sure that it is a point item[0] += dx item[1] += dy if __name__ == '__main__': sample = [[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[[7, 8], [10, 20]], [5, 6]]] print 'Original:', sample MoveDelta(sample, 10, 100) print 'Result:', sample # Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What is class method?
On Sun, Aug 24, 2008 at 4:32 AM, Hussein B <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm familiar with static method concept, but what is the class method? > how it does differ from static method? when to use it? "Class Methods" are related to the meta-class concept introduced since the first beginning of OOP but not known enough so far. If you are capable to reason (to model) using that concept, the you will need "classmethod" decorator in Python. "Static Methods" are global operations but are declared in the name-space context of a class; so, they are not strictly methods. In Python everything is an object, but functions declared in the module scope not receive the instance of the module, so they are not module methods, they are not methods, they are global functions that are in the name-space context of the module in this case. Methods always receive the instance as a special argument (usually declared as self in Python). Classes (theoretically speaking) are also objects (dual behavior). Let's be explicit: # class Test(object): def NormalMethod(self): print 'Normal:', self @staticmethod def StaticMethod(self=None): print 'Static:', self @classmethod def ClassMethod(self): print 'Class:', self test = Test() test.NormalMethod() test.StaticMethod() test.ClassMethod() # the instance "test" is coerced to it's class to call the method. # Regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What is class method?
On Tue, Aug 26, 2008 at 4:10 PM, Bruno Desthuilliers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > In Python, there's *no* relationship between classmethods and metaclasses. In OOP the concept of meta-class has everything to do with class methods, regardless if is in Python, SmallTalk or CLOSS. "classmethod" decorator it's just a syntax sugar structure to define them. There is no difference (conceptually) on "method1" and "method2": class MetaXClass(type): def Method1(self): pass class Xclass(object): __metaclass__ = MetaXClass @classmethod def Method2(self): pass > You can drop the 'global' - there's nothing like a real global scope in > Python. Yes, they are. Functions defined at module level or using staticmethod decorator don't receive the instance as argument, they are globa, You can study in Python: * global keyword * globals function > Nope. Functions wrapped by a method object receive the instance as *first* > (not 'special') argument. In Python, a method is only a wrapper object > around the function, the class and the instance. This wrapper is built by > the function object's __get__ method (descriptor protocol) each time the > attribute is looked up. Seriously, I'm a programmer, not a intermediate code engineer. I know very well how python work in its inner, but this forum is to talk about Python programming. Nevertheless, in some level is always call the original defined function, that YES, it receives the self as an argument. > Why "theoretically speaking" ? Why not? isinstance(Foo, object) > True That's only means that python is nice because fulfills very well the best OOP theory. > > pep08 : method names should be all_lower > Not for me. I use to be consistent in being pythonic, but there are some few exceptions. > > The convention for classmethod is to name the first function argument 'cls'. > I just wanted the guy who made the question, don't see other differences but classmethod decorator. Sorry! > Nope. There's nothing like "coercion" in Python. http://docs.python.org/ref/coercion-rules.html > If you really intend to go into low-level explanations of Python's object I NEVER pretended to do that. Programming I like is high level, because of that Python is right now my preferred language, nevertheless I know every thing I'm interested in inner Python. My best regards -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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