Return
Hey There, Can someone help to understand how a python function can return value with using return in the code? It is not not about explicit or implicit function call. Thanks Vani -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
For a hierarchical project, the EXE file generated by "pyinstaller" does not start.
Hi all, I have a problem with "pyinstaller". When I compile a single Python file, an EXE file is created in the "dist" directory, with which I can start the program and the GUI appears after a few seconds. But when I try to compile my project with "pyinstaller Relais_LastDauerTester.py" and generate an EXE file from it, an ".exe" file is also created in the "dist" directory, but nothing happens when I run both .exe files from Windows Explorer with a double click or from the DOS shell by invoking it. The mouse pointer changes briefly to an hourglass and then back and nothing happens. The only difference between these two programs is that the first is just a single file and my project is structured hierarchically. I tried to demonstrate the structure of the project below with two "DIR" DOS commands. In PyCharm you only need to run the top file "Relais_LastDauerTester.py", so I used this file for "pyinstaller". But it looks like I have to give (I believe) an extra argument for a hierarchical project. I googled all weekend to find a workable solution. But all I found was for converting a ".py" file and not a project like mine. With some suggestions, I should add a "pause" or "input ()" command to the code to prevent the DOS shell from disappearing quickly, which is out of the question for me. Do you have any idea what it could be? I thank you in advance for any useful advice that could help me. Greeting Mohsen PS I work on a PC with 1201 INFO: PyInstaller: 4.7 1202 INFO: Python: 3.9.5 1282 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.18363-SP0 Project Structure from PyCharm &&& ...\SW\Relais_LastDauerTester_V0.5 &&& .idea Logfiles Relais_LastDauerTester 276 Relais_LastDauerTester.py Screenshotfiles 405 settings.ini &&& ...\SW\Relais_LastDauerTester_V0.5\Relais_LastDauerTester &&& 9’308 GPIOControl.py 90’618 GUI_View.py 998 main.py 28’625 TestControl.py 269 __init__.py __pycache__ Simplified project files with the "import" lines *** Relais_LastDauerTester.py.py *** #!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from Relais_LastDauerTester.main import main if __name__ == "__main__": main() *** main.py *** import sys from PyQt5.QtCore import * from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication from .GUI_View import MainWindow def main(): app = QApplication(sys.argv) window = MainWindow() window.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) if __name__ == '__main__': main() *** GUI_View.py *** import sys import subprocess import PyQt5.QtGui as qtg from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QLabel, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QCheckBox, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QGridLayout, QDialog, QFileDialog) from .TestControl import * class MainWindow(QWidget): def __init__(self): super().__init__() def createMainWindow(self): ... def exitMainWindow(self): ... def ChangeToPrefWindow(self): self.prefwindow.show() self.hide() class PrefWindow(QWidget): def __init__(self, parent=None): super().__init__() self.parent = parent ... self.createPrefWindow() def ChangeToMainWindow(self): ... def createPrefWindow(self): ... class CustomLineEdit(QLineEdit): clicked = pyqtSignal() def mousePressEvent(self, QMouseEvent): self.clicked.emit() class Keypad_Window_New(QDialog): def __init__(self, num=0, parent=None): super().__init__(parent) self.parent = parent ... TestContrl.py *** from PyQt5.QtCore import * from .GPIOControl import GPIOControl class WorkerSignals(QObject): signal_Update_Label = pyqtSignal() class TestControl(QRunnable): signals = WorkerSignals() def __init__(self, parent=None): super().__init__() self.parent = parent ... *** GPIOContrl.py *** class GPIOControl: def my_print(self, args): if print_allowed == 1: print(args) def __init__(self): -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Urllib.request vs. Requests.get
Hey, I am currently working on a simple program which scrapes text from webpages via a URL, then segments it (with Spacy). I’m trying to refine my program to use just the right tools for the job, for each of the steps. Requests.get works great, but I’ve seen people use urllib.request.urlopen() in some examples. It appealed to me because it seemed lower level than requests.get, so it just makes the program feel leaner and purer and more direct. However, requests.get works fine on this url: https://juno.sh/direct-connection-to-jupyter-server/ But urllib returns a “403 forbidden”. Could anyone please comment on what the fundamental differences are between urllib vs. requests, why this would happen, and if urllib has any option to prevent this and get the page source? Thanks, Julius -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Odd locale error that has disappeared on reboot.
I have a very short Python program that runs on one of my Raspberry
Pis to collect temperatures from a 1-wire sensor and write them to a
database:-
#!/usr/bin/python3
#
#
# read temperature from 1-wire sensor and store in database with date and
time
#
import sqlite3
import time
ftxt = str(open("/sys/bus/w1/devices/28-01204e1e64c3/w1_slave").read(100))
temp = (float(ftxt[ftxt.find("t=") +2:]))/1000
#
#
# insert date, time and temperature into the database
#
tdb = sqlite3.connect("/home/chris/.cfg/share/temperature/temperature.db")
cr = tdb.cursor()
dt = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
cr.execute("Insert INTO temperatures (DateTime, Temperature) VALUES(?,
round(?, 2))", (dt, temp)
)
tdb.commit()
tdb.close()
It's run by cron every 10 minutes.
At 03:40 last night it suddenly started throwing the following error every
time it ran:-
Fatal Python error: initfsencoding: Unable to get the locale encoding
LookupError: unknown encoding: UTF-8
Current thread 0xb6f8db40 (most recent call first):
Aborted
Running the program from the command line produced the same error.
Restarting the Pi system has fixed the problem.
What could have caused this? I certainly wasn't around at 03:40! :-)
There aren't any automatic updates enabled on the system, the only
thing that might have been going on was a backup as that Pi is also
my 'NAS' with a big USB drive connected to it. The backups have been
running without problems for more than a year. Looking at the system
logs shows that a backup was started at 03:35 so I suppose that *could*
have provoked something but I fail to understand how.
--
Chris Green
·
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
HTML extraction
Hey, Could anyone please comment on the purest way simply to strip HTML tags from the internal text they surround? I know Beautiful Soup is a convenient tool, but I’m interested to know what the most minimal way to do it would be. People say you usually don’t use Regex for a second order language like HTML, so I was thinking about using xpath or lxml, which seem like very pure, universal tools for the job. I did find an example for doing this with the re module, though. Would it be fair to say that to just strip the tags, Regex is fine, but you need to build a tree-like object if you want the ability to select which nodes to keep and which to discard? Can xpath / lxml do that? What are the chief differences between xpath / lxml and Beautiful Soup? Thanks, Julius -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: HTML extraction
On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 4:55 AM Julius Hamilton wrote: > > Hey, > > Could anyone please comment on the purest way simply to strip HTML tags > from the internal text they surround? > > I know Beautiful Soup is a convenient tool, but I’m interested to know what > the most minimal way to do it would be. That's definitely the best and most general way, and would still be my first thought most of the time. > People say you usually don’t use Regex for a second order language like > HTML, so I was thinking about using xpath or lxml, which seem like very > pure, universal tools for the job. > > I did find an example for doing this with the re module, though. > > Would it be fair to say that to just strip the tags, Regex is fine, but you > need to build a tree-like object if you want the ability to select which > nodes to keep and which to discard? Obligatory reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags > Can xpath / lxml do that? > > What are the chief differences between xpath / lxml and Beautiful Soup? > I've never directly used lxml, mainly because bs4 offers all the same advantages and more, with about the same costs. However, if you're looking for a no-external-deps option, Python *does* include an HTML parser in the standard library: https://docs.python.org/3/library/html.parser.html If your purpose is extremely simple (like "strip tags, search for text"), then it should be easy enough to whip up something using that module. No external deps, not a lot of code, pretty straight-forward. On the other hand, if you're trying to do an "HTML to text" conversion, you'd probably need to be aware of which tags are block-level and which are inline content, so that (for instance) "Hello world" would come out as two separate paragraphs of text, whereas the same thing with tags would become just "Hello world". But for the most part, handle_data will probably do everything you need. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Urllib.request vs. Requests.get
On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 4:51 AM Julius Hamilton wrote: > > Hey, > > I am currently working on a simple program which scrapes text from webpages > via a URL, then segments it (with Spacy). > > I’m trying to refine my program to use just the right tools for the job, > for each of the steps. > > Requests.get works great, but I’ve seen people use urllib.request.urlopen() > in some examples. It appealed to me because it seemed lower level than > requests.get, so it just makes the program feel leaner and purer and more > direct. > > However, requests.get works fine on this url: > > https://juno.sh/direct-connection-to-jupyter-server/ > > But urllib returns a “403 forbidden”. > > Could anyone please comment on what the fundamental differences are between > urllib vs. requests, why this would happen, and if urllib has any option to > prevent this and get the page source? > *Fundamental* differences? Not many. The requests module is designed to be easy to use, whereas urllib is designed to be basic and simple. Not really a fundamental difference, but perhaps indicative. I'd recommend doing the query with requests, and seeing exactly what headers are being sent. Most likely, there'll be something that you need to add explicitly when using urllib that the server is looking for (maybe a user agent or something). Requests uses Python's logging module to configure everything, so it should be a simple matter of setting log level to DEBUG and sending the request. TBH though, I'd just recommend using requests, unless you specifically need to avoid the dependency :) ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Urllib.request vs. Requests.get
Cloudflare, for whatever reason, appears to be rejecting the `User-
Agent` header that urllib is providing:`Python-urllib/3.9`. Using a
different `User-Agent` seems to get around the issue:
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request(
url="https://juno.sh/direct-connection-to-jupyter-server/";,
method="GET",
headers={"User-Agent": "Workaround/1.0"},
)
res = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
Paul
On Tue, 2021-12-07 at 12:35 +0100, Julius Hamilton wrote:
> Hey,
>
> I am currently working on a simple program which scrapes text from
> webpages
> via a URL, then segments it (with Spacy).
>
> I’m trying to refine my program to use just the right tools for the
> job,
> for each of the steps.
>
> Requests.get works great, but I’ve seen people use
> urllib.request.urlopen()
> in some examples. It appealed to me because it seemed lower level
> than
> requests.get, so it just makes the program feel leaner and purer and
> more
> direct.
>
> However, requests.get works fine on this url:
>
> https://juno.sh/direct-connection-to-jupyter-server/
>
> But urllib returns a “403 forbidden”.
>
> Could anyone please comment on what the fundamental differences are
> between
> urllib vs. requests, why this would happen, and if urllib has any
> option to
> prevent this and get the page source?
>
> Thanks,
> Julius
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: For a hierarchical project, the EXE file generated by "pyinstaller" does not start.
On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 4:49 AM Mohsen Owzar wrote: > *** > GPIOContrl.py > *** > class GPIOControl: > def my_print(self, args): > if print_allowed == 1: > print(args) > > def __init__(self): Can't much help with your main question as I don't do Windows, but one small side point: Instead of having a my_print that checks if printing is allowed, you can conditionally replace the print function itself. if not print_allowed: def print(*args, **kwargs): pass ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Return
Hello
ti 7. jouluk. 2021 klo 19.47 vani arul (arulvan...@gmail.com) kirjoitti:
> Hey There,
> Can someone help to understand how a python function can return value with
> using return in the code?
> It is not not about explicit or implicit function call.
>
>
Not sure whether I understood your question: I have a simple example about
return.
* f() and h() explicitely return something
* g() and h() return None
BTW, also Python documentation tool pydoc has an article about return.
#!/usr/bin/python
def f():
return 42
def g():
pass
def h():
return
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"f(): {f()}")
print(f"g(): {g()}")
print(f"h(): {h()}")
Result:
f(): 42
g(): None
h(): None
Pydoc:
$ pydoc return
BR,
Roland
> Thanks
> Vani
> --
> https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: HTML extraction
Hello, ti 7. jouluk. 2021 klo 20.08 Chris Angelico (ros...@gmail.com) kirjoitti: > On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 4:55 AM Julius Hamilton > wrote: > > > > Hey, > > > > Could anyone please comment on the purest way simply to strip HTML tags > > from the internal text they surround? > > > > I know Beautiful Soup is a convenient tool, but I’m interested to know > what > > the most minimal way to do it would be. > > That's definitely the best and most general way, and would still be my > first thought most of the time. > > > People say you usually don’t use Regex for a second order language like > > HTML, so I was thinking about using xpath or lxml, which seem like very > > pure, universal tools for the job. > > > > I did find an example for doing this with the re module, though. > > > > Would it be fair to say that to just strip the tags, Regex is fine, but > you > > need to build a tree-like object if you want the ability to select which > > nodes to keep and which to discard? > > Obligatory reference: > > > https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags > > > Can xpath / lxml do that? > > > > What are the chief differences between xpath / lxml and Beautiful Soup? > > > > I've never directly used lxml, mainly because bs4 offers all the same > advantages and more, with about the same costs. However, if you're > looking for a no-external-deps option, Python *does* include an HTML > parser in the standard library: > > But isn't bs4 only for SOAP content? Can bs4 or lxml cope with HTML code that does not comply with XML as the following fragment? A B BR, Roland > https://docs.python.org/3/library/html.parser.html > > If your purpose is extremely simple (like "strip tags, search for > text"), then it should be easy enough to whip up something using that > module. No external deps, not a lot of code, pretty straight-forward. > On the other hand, if you're trying to do an "HTML to text" > conversion, you'd probably need to be aware of which tags are > block-level and which are inline content, so that (for instance) > "Hello world" would come out as two separate > paragraphs of text, whereas the same thing with tags would become > just "Hello world". But for the most part, handle_data will probably > do everything you need. > > ChrisA > -- > https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: HTML extraction
On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 7:55 AM Roland Mueller wrote: > > Hello, > > ti 7. jouluk. 2021 klo 20.08 Chris Angelico (ros...@gmail.com) kirjoitti: >> >> On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 4:55 AM Julius Hamilton >> wrote: >> > >> > Hey, >> > >> > Could anyone please comment on the purest way simply to strip HTML tags >> > from the internal text they surround? >> > >> > I know Beautiful Soup is a convenient tool, but I’m interested to know what >> > the most minimal way to do it would be. >> >> That's definitely the best and most general way, and would still be my >> first thought most of the time. >> >> > People say you usually don’t use Regex for a second order language like >> > HTML, so I was thinking about using xpath or lxml, which seem like very >> > pure, universal tools for the job. >> > >> > I did find an example for doing this with the re module, though. >> > >> > Would it be fair to say that to just strip the tags, Regex is fine, but you >> > need to build a tree-like object if you want the ability to select which >> > nodes to keep and which to discard? >> >> Obligatory reference: >> >> https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags >> >> > Can xpath / lxml do that? >> > >> > What are the chief differences between xpath / lxml and Beautiful Soup? >> > >> >> I've never directly used lxml, mainly because bs4 offers all the same >> advantages and more, with about the same costs. However, if you're >> looking for a no-external-deps option, Python *does* include an HTML >> parser in the standard library: >> > > But isn't bs4 only for SOAP content? > Can bs4 or lxml cope with HTML code that does not comply with XML as the > following fragment? > > A > B > > > BR, > Roland > Check out the bs4 docs for some of the things you can do with it :) ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Return
On 08/12/2021 09.45, Roland Mueller via Python-list wrote:
> Hello
>
> ti 7. jouluk. 2021 klo 19.47 vani arul (arulvan...@gmail.com) kirjoitti:
>
>> Hey There,
>> Can someone help to understand how a python function can return value with
>> using return in the code?
>> It is not not about explicit or implicit function call.
>>
>>
> Not sure whether I understood your question: I have a simple example about
> return.
> * f() and h() explicitely return something
> * g() and h() return None
>
> BTW, also Python documentation tool pydoc has an article about return.
>
> #!/usr/bin/python
>
> def f():
> return 42
> def g():
> pass
> def h():
> return
>
> if __name__ == "__main__":
> print(f"f(): {f()}")
> print(f"g(): {g()}")
> print(f"h(): {h()}")
>
> Result:
> f(): 42
> g(): None
> h(): None
>
> Pydoc:
> $ pydoc return
>
> BR,
> Roland
>
>
>> Thanks
>> Vani
plus Python, unlike some other languages, allows us to return multiple
values, either as a collection or as an implied-tuple:
def function_list():
a_list = [ i for i in range( 9 ) ]
return a_list
def function_multiples():
a = 1
b = 2
c = 3
return a, b, c
thus:
x, y, z = function_multiples()
--
Regards,
=dn
--
https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Return
On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 9:04 AM dn via Python-list wrote: > > plus Python, unlike some other languages, allows us to return multiple > values, either as a collection or as an implied-tuple: > > def function_list(): > a_list = [ i for i in range( 9 ) ] > return a_list > > def function_multiples(): > a = 1 > b = 2 > c = 3 > return a, b, c > > thus: > > x, y, z = function_multiples() Not sure what you mean by "implied". You're returning a tuple formed from three values, and then unpacking that into three destinations. Since, at a technical level, a function can only return one value, returning a tuple is the standard way to return more than one thing. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Return
On 08/12/2021 11.07, Chris Angelico wrote: > On Wed, Dec 8, 2021 at 9:04 AM dn via Python-list > wrote: >> >> plus Python, unlike some other languages, allows us to return multiple >> values, either as a collection or as an implied-tuple: >> >> def function_list(): >> a_list = [ i for i in range( 9 ) ] >> return a_list >> >> def function_multiples(): >> a = 1 >> b = 2 >> c = 3 >> return a, b, c >> >> thus: >> >> x, y, z = function_multiples() > > Not sure what you mean by "implied". You're returning a tuple formed > from three values, and then unpacking that into three destinations. > Since, at a technical level, a function can only return one value, > returning a tuple is the standard way to return more than one thing. How's it going @Chris? (we have another 'overseas-speaker' scheduled for next week's PUG meeting. Rodrigo Girão Serrão will 'beam-in' from Portugal. He presented at EuroPython. His topic with us will be "Python's Objects" - firstly at an intro-level for people who've not built a custom-class previously, and thereafter to more-advanced folk - details upon request...) Back to tuples: You are (strictly) correct. As we both know, a lot of people think that the parentheses 'make' the tuple, whereas in-fact it is the comma-separators. I'd estimate the OP to be in a learning situation/converting-over from another language, so allowance for lax terminology/definitions. -- Regards, =dn -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
