Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 07:44, "Νικόλαος Κούρας"  wrote:
>
> Could you please install them because i need to work?
>
> a) pip (so that i can successfully run 'pip install pymysql'
> b) development tools
>
> I wiped the while perl away (leaving intact 2.6) but i wiped out pip at
the proces to.
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Pip should be in your system's package manager. In Ubuntu it's available
through sudo apt-get install python-pip.

What are those development tools you speak of?

Why would you uninstall perl?
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:08:44 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Fábio Santos έγραψε:

> Pip should be in your system's package manager. In Ubuntu it's available 
> through sudo apt-get install python-pip.
 
> What are those development tools you speak of?
> Why would you uninstall perl?

Sorry i meant Python, not Perl

I'm using CentOS.

So, i guess its something like 'yum install python-pip'
i cannot find it, have searched it in variosu ways.
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[alex23]

On Jun 4, 5:11 pm, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:
> So, i guess its something like 'yum install python-pip'
> i cannot find it, have searched it in variosu ways.

If you're going to claim to have tried something, can you at least
tell us what you tried? Because quelle surprise! the most obvious
combination of search terms works:

[plone@localhost]$ yum search python-pip
...
python-pip.noarch : Pip installs packages.  Python3 packages.  An
easy_install replacement

If you're not seeing this then you've broken your package manager,
possibly by overwriting the existing repositories with the new ones
you've added. It's next to impossible to tell, however, because we
don't have an access to what you mean by "variosu ways".

Expert tip: there's this AMAZING technology called "Google", which if
you visit their site, enter the cryptic incantation "python pip
centos", and click on *the very first link*, it actually provides you
with explicit directions! What brave new world that etc!
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Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 11:37 AM, Rick Johnson
 wrote:
> The print function is the very definition of a "syntactic sugar".
>
> For example:
> print("some sting")
>
> is much more readable than:
>
> sys.stdout.write("some string"+"\n")
> ...
> Again, the removal of a print function (or print statement)
> will not prevent users from calling the write method on
> sys.stdout or sys.stderr (or ANY "stream object" for that matter!)

And you could abolish ALL of the builtins by requiring that you import
ctypes and implement them all yourself. That is not the point of the
term. If print() is mere syntactic sugar, then everything is syntactic
sugar for Brainf* code.

The point of syntactic sugar is that there is a trivially-equivalent
underlying interpretation. For instance, in C, array subscripting is
trivially equivalent to addition and dereferencing:

a[i]   <->   *(a+i)

This is syntactic sugar. The Python print() function does much more
than write(), so it is NOT syntactic sugar.

> Many times you'll get a result (or an input) that you expect
> to be a Boolean, but instead is a string. A good example of
> poor coding is "dialog box return values". Take your
> standard yes/no/cancel dialog, i would expect it to return
> True|False|None respectively, HOWEVER, some *idiot* decided
> to return the strings 'yes'|'no'|'cancel'.

Why True|False|None? Why should they represent Yes|No|Cancel?
Especially, *why None*? What has None to do with Cancel?

> However, with Python's implicit conversion to Boolean, the
> same conditional will ALWAYS be True: because any string
> that is not the null string is True (as far as Python is
> concerned). This is an example of Python devs breaking TWO
> Zens at once:
>
>  "explicit is better than implicit"
>  "errors should NEVER pass silently"

Right, because it's Python's fault that you can't use implicit boolean
conversion to sanely test for something that has three possible
outcomes. I think there's something in the nature of a boolean test
that makes this awkward, but I can't quite see it... hmm, some kind of
integer issue, I think...

> Obviously you don't appreciate the value of "explicit enough".
>
>   if VALUE:
>
> is not explicit enough, however
>
>   if bool(VALUE)
>
> or at least:
>
>   if VALUE == True
>
> is "explicit enough".

Why? The 'if' implies a boolean context. In C, it's common to compare
integers for nonzeroness with a bare if; it's also common, though far
from universal, to compare strings for nullness - effectively
equivalent to "is not None". You don't need to be any more explicit
than that.

Granted, the definitions of truthiness differ from language to
language. In C, a NULL pointer is false and any actual pointer is
true, so an empty string is true (to the extent that C even has the
concept of strings, but leave that aside). In Pike, any array is true,
but the absence of an array can be indicated with (effectively) a
null, whereas Python deems that an empty list is false. Still, most
languages do have some system of coercion-to-boolean. (Notable
exception: REXX. An IF statement will accept *only* the two permitted
boolean values, anything else is an error.)

> However, if i choose to be explicit and use:
>
>   "if len(VALUE) > 0:
>
> then the code will fail when it should: at the comparison
> line.  Because any object that does not provide a __len__
> method would cause Python to raise NameError.

I thought you were dead against wasting CPU cycles! Your code here has
to calculate the actual length of the object, then compare it with
zero; the simple boolean check merely has to announce the presence or
absence of content. This is a HUGE difference in performance, and you
should totally optimize this down for the sake of that. Don't bother
measuring it, this will make more difference to your code than
replacing bubble sort with bogosort!

ChrisA
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 4:28 PM,   wrote:
> Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 1:46:53 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Steven D'Aprano έγραψε:
>
>> Not so -- it actually shows correctly, provided you use the right
>> encoding. Tell your browser to view the page as UTF-8, and the file name
>> is displayed correctly.
>
> I can't believe Chrome whcih by default uses utf8 chosed iso-8859-1 to presnt 
> the filenames.

What do you mean, "by default uses UTF-8"? Chrome uses whatever it's
told. In this case, you have no encoding specified in the page, and
your HTTP headers include:

Content-Type:text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1

I wonder what effect that'll have... I wonder.

Quit blaming Chrome for what's not its fault. (There's enough that is,
but that's true of every browser.)

ChrisA
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:21:11 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης alex23 έγραψε:
> On Jun 4, 5:11 pm, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:
> 
> > So, i guess its something like 'yum install python-pip'
> > i cannot find it, have searched it in variosu ways.
> 
> 
> 
> If you're going to claim to have tried something, can you at least
> tell us what you tried? Because quelle surprise! the most obvious
> combination of search terms works:

Well, since you dough me here it is:

ni...@superhost.gr [~]# yum search python-pip
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirror.netcologne.de
 * extras: mirror.optimate-server.de
 * updates: mirror.softaculous.com
base
 | 3.7 kB 
00:00
extras  
 | 3.5 kB 
00:00
updates 
 | 3.4 kB 
00:00
updates/primary_db  
 | 2.6 MB 
00:00
vz-base 
 |  951 B 
00:00
vz-base 

3/3
vz-updates  
 |  951 B 
00:00
No Matches found
ni...@superhost.gr [~]#

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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Nobody]

On Mon, 03 Jun 2013 23:28:21 -0700, nagia.retsina wrote:

> I can't believe Chrome whcih by default uses utf8 chosed iso-8859-1 to
> presnt the filenames. 

Chrome didn't choose ISO-8859-1, the server did; the HTTP response says:

  Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1

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Re: Beginner question

[Anssi Saari]

eschneide...@comcast.net writes:

> Is there a more efficient way of doing this? Any help is gratly appreciated.

Efficiency in a short program isn't a big thing. You have some pretty
weird things in there, there's no need make single element tuples out of
your strings and then putting those in a list. Just put the strings in a
tuple and go. Likewise there's really no point in having while loops
where you exit on the first round now is there? Just use an if.

BTW, did I get the logic correctly, the end result is random? If true
then the logic can be simplified greatly, you can just discard the user
input and print a random choice of your three result strings...
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 2:45 PM, Michael Torrie  wrote:
> On 06/03/2013 05:33 PM, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:
>> I did a httpd 'make install' on CentOS 6 and it worked fine. Needed a
>> few tweaks that I don't remember though.
>>
>> If you don't have any previous experience with Apache httpd settings
>> I wouldn't try that on a production server.
>
> Precisely.  Given his experience levels, installing httpd from source is
> recipe for disaster.  He's now going to have to track security flaw
> reports manually, try to figure out which ones apply to him, and keep
> his apache up to date.  I can't think of anything he'd need in Apache
> that's not in the CentOS packages.  I've sys-admined for years and I've
> never ever needed an Apache outside out of the repos.  Sometimes I
> needed other things I had to build from source, but never apache.

Agreed. I'm a Debian guy rather than Red Hat, and by comparison Debian
changes with every gust of wind, but the same applies. There's little
reason to build most things from source; take advantage of the massive
testing that's been done! Of course, there will be times when the
version in the repo is just too old, but that's never been the case
for me with Apache.

ChrisA
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Re: Beginner question

[John Ladasky]

On Monday, June 3, 2013 11:46:03 PM UTC-7, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:
> That doesn't even works because input() is the same as eval(raw_input()). So 
> you'll get a NameError exception.
> 
> I think you know that. Perhaps you mean raw_input() instead of input().

But the OP's code shows print() functions... which is not the habit of Python 2 
programmers, even though it's legal code.  And the OP says s/he's a beginning 
programmer... so why start learning Python 2 in 2013?  Let me ask the OP, are 
you programming in Python 2 or Python 3?  

If the answer is indeed Python 3: raw_input() has been banished from Python 3, 
in favor of plain-old input().
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:39:08 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Nobody έγραψε:

> Chrome didn't choose ISO-8859-1, the server did; the HTTP response says:
>   Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1

From where do you see this: i receivf this when trying from terminal:

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]# wget -S -O - http://www.superhost.gr

--2013-06-04 10:58:05--  http://www.superhost.gr/
Resolving www.superhost.gr... 82.211.30.133
Connecting to www.superhost.gr|82.211.30.133|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response...
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Server: ApacheBooster/1.6
  Date: Tue, 04 Jun 2013 07:58:05 GMT
  Content-Type: text/html
  Connection: close
  Vary: Accept-Encoding
  

Re: Beginner question

[John Ladasky]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 12:45:38 AM UTC-7, Anssi Saari wrote:

> BTW, did I get the logic correctly, the end result is random?

You're right!  I'm guessing that's not what the OP wants?
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:35:31 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Chris Angelico έγραψε:

> > I can't believe Chrome which by default uses 'utf-8' choosed 'iso-8859-1' 
> > to present the filenames.

> What do you mean, "by default uses UTF-8"? Chrome uses whatever it's
> told. In this case, you have no encoding specified in the page, and
> your HTTP headers include:

> Content-Type:text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1

From where do you see this Chris?
I have an encoding specified in every cgi script i use by stating this command:

print( '''Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n''' )

( That is a browser directive to display python script's output using 'utf-8' 
charset, that is why i wonder where you Nobody see greek-iso)


and also i'm using this:


sys.stdout = codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stdout.detach())

(not sure what exactly it does though, but if i remove it from my cgi scipts no 
python3 script runs, they are all die prematurely)



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RE: Beginner question

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 00:53:04 -0700
> Subject: Re: Beginner question
> From: john_lada...@sbcglobal.net
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> On Monday, June 3, 2013 11:46:03 PM UTC-7, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:
> > That doesn't even works because input() is the same as eval(raw_input()). 
> > So you'll get a NameError exception.
> > 
> > I think you know that. Perhaps you mean raw_input() instead of input().
> 
> But the OP's code shows print() functions... which is not the habit of Python 
> 2 programmers, even though it's legal code.  And the OP says s/he's a 
> beginning programmer... so why start learning Python 2 in 2013?  Let me ask 
> the OP, are you programming in Python 2 or Python 3?  
> 
> If the answer is indeed Python 3: raw_input() has been banished from Python 
> 3, in favor of plain-old input().

Didn't know that. Thanks!

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Re: Beginner question

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 5:57 PM, John Ladasky  wrote:
> On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 12:45:38 AM UTC-7, Anssi Saari wrote:
>
>> BTW, did I get the logic correctly, the end result is random?
>
> You're right!  I'm guessing that's not what the OP wants?

I'm guessing that's exactly what the OP wants. This is a fairly
classic programming puzzle; on the surface it appears that you have
some influence on the outcome, but ultimately you're playing
rock-paper-scissors with the Random Number God.

ChrisA
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Still can't find it:

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]# yum search *pip*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.netcologne.de
 * extras: mirror.optimate-server.de
 * updates: mirror.softaculous.com
No Matches found
ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]#
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Mon, 03 Jun 2013 23:28:21 -0700, nagia.retsina wrote:


> ni...@superhost.gr [~]# locale
> LANG=en_US.UTF-8
[...]

Okay, this is good. This means that your system is currently using UTF-8.


> Hese is also how the terminal presents my filenames.
[...] 
> ni...@superhost.gr [~]# ls -l www/data/apps/ total 368548
> v2.4.msi -rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos  3511233 Jun  3 12:07 ΞΟ ΟΞ�\ Ο
>   ΞΏΟ.mp3

Weirder and weirder.

Please run these commands, and show what result they give:

alias ls

printf %q\\n *.mp3

ls -b *.mp3



> I'll try renaming it via terminal too. f you want to see soemhtign  else
> please ask me to show you Steven.


If all else fails, you could just rename the troublesome file and 
hopefully the problem will go away:

mv *Ο.mp3 1.mp3
mv 1.mp3 Eυχή του Ιησού.mp3




-- 
Steven
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 11:47:01 π.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Steven D'Aprano έγραψε:

> Please run these commands, and show what result they give:

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]# ls -l *.mp3
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 3511233 Jun  3 12:07 \305\365\367\336\ \364\357\365\ 
\311\347\363\357\375\375.mp3
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 3511233 Jun  4 11:54 ΞΟ
ΟΞ�\ Ο
  ΞΏΟ.mp3

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]# alias ls
alias ls='/bin/ls $LS_OPTIONS'

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/data/apps]# printf %q\n\n *.mp3
$'\305\365\367\336 \364\357\365 
\311\347\363\357\375\375.mp3'nn$'\316\225\317\205\317\207\316\256 
\317\204\316\277\317\205 
\316\231\316\267\317\203\316\277\317\215.mp3'nnni...@superhost.gr 
[~/www/data/apps]# ls -b *.mp3
\305\365\367\336\ \364\357\365\ \311\347\363\357\375\375.mp3  ΞΟ
ΟΞ�\ Ο
  ΞΏΟ.mp3

please explain what this comamnd does.

I deliberately placed the same .mp3 file twice.

The first is after renaming it to greek chars and uploaded from within my Win8 
machine via FileZilla to the webhost server
The latter after renaming the file from within the remote linux machine.

Seems that the way the system used to actually rename the file matters.


> If all else fails, you could just rename the troublesome file and 
> hopefully the problem will go away:
> mv *Ο.mp3 1.mp3
> mv 1.mp3 Eυχή του Ιησού.mp3

Yes, but why you are doing it it 2 steps and not as:

mv *Ο.mp3 'Eυχή του Ιησού.mp3'
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Re: Beginner question

[Larry Hudson]

On 06/03/2013 08:39 PM, eschneide...@comcast.net wrote:

Is there a more efficient way of doing this? Any help is gratly appreciated.


import random
def partdeux():
 print('''A man lunges at you with a knife!
Do you DUCK or PARRY?''')
 option1=('duck')
 option2=('parry')
 optionsindex=[option1, option2]
 randomizer=random.choice(optionsindex)
 while randomizer==option1:
 if input() in option1:
 print('he tumbles over you')
 break
 else:
 print('he stabs you')
 break
 while randomizer==option2:
 if input() in option2:
 print('you trip him up')
 break
 else:
 print('he stabs you')
 break
partdeux()



Yes, you are making this much more complicated than necessary.  It seems that what you are 
trying to do is input the option, then randomly print a success or failure message for that 
option.  I suspect you didn't plan it, but it also prints the "stab" message for invalid entries.


Like any program, it can be approached in many different ways.  Here is one 
possibility.
(Just the function def, add the import and function call as well.  Also I am not adding any 
comments.  See if you can follow the logic here yourself.)


--
def partdeux():
print('A man lunges at you with a knife!')
option = input('Do you DUCK or PARRY?  ').lower()
success = random.randint(0, 1)
if success:
if option == 'duck':
print('He tumbles over you')
return
if option == 'parry':
print('You trip him up')
return
print('He stabs you')


BTW, ignore the response from Carlos.  I can see from the print() functions in your original 
that you're using Python 3.  His answer is only valid for Python 2.


 -=- Larry -=-

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Re: Beginner question

[Peter Otten]

Chris Angelico wrote:

> On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 5:57 PM, John Ladasky 
> wrote:
>> On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 12:45:38 AM UTC-7, Anssi Saari wrote:
>>
>>> BTW, did I get the logic correctly, the end result is random?
>>
>> You're right!  I'm guessing that's not what the OP wants?
> 
> I'm guessing that's exactly what the OP wants. This is a fairly
> classic programming puzzle; on the surface it appears that you have
> some influence on the outcome, but ultimately you're playing
> rock-paper-scissors with the Random Number God.

As it is written, don't you always win if you hit enter?
It may be the approved cheat code, though...

OP:

("some string")

is not a tuple, it is the same as just

"some string"

therefore

option1 = "some string"
if input() in option1:
print("yes")

prints 'yes' if the user types in a substring of option1, and the shortest 
substring of any string is "".

For a single-item tuple the trailing comma is mandatory:

>>> ("some string") # string
'some string'
>>> "some string", # tuple
('some string',)
>>> ("some string",) # tuple, parens added for clarity
('some string',)

In general a tuple is consituted by the comma(s), not the parentheses:

>>> "one", "two"
('one', 'two')


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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Okey found it.

since couldnt install pip i did:

easy_install pymysql
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files.py failing when run via browser while properly executed via terminal

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]#
ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]# python
Python 3.3.2 (default, Jun  3 2013, 16:18:05)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
Okey after compiling from source python 3.3.2 and 'easy_install pymysql' now 
i'm receiving this error whiuch prohibit my files.py script to run.

=
ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]# python files.py
Error in sys.excepthook:
ValueError: underlying buffer has been detached

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.3/os.py", line 673, in __getitem__
value = self._data[self.encodekey(key)]
KeyError: b'REMOTE_ADDR'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "files.py", line 17, in 
host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )[0]
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.3/os.py", line 676, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(key)
KeyError: 'REMOTE_ADDR'
ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]#
=

host = socket.gethostbyaddr( os.environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] )[0] 

Is not the proeblem here becaus ei ahve the exact same statemnt inside 
metriets.py and pelatologio.py and they dont provide me an error.

If i run the script from chrome as http://superhost.gr/cgi-bin/files.py
i get na internal server error.

But since it complained i switched the above host to host = "nikos"

then  run python files.py and it compiled properly with no error
but via browser i receive internal server error agian.

So since the script interprets okey i decided to tail the error log to see the 
live error messages when i call it via browser:

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]# tail -F /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log &


[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Error in sys.excepthook:
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] ValueError: underlying 
buffer has been detached
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Original exception was:
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Traceback (most recent 
call last):
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File "files.py", line 
67, in 
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] 
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', (fullpath,) )
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"/usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/PyMySQL3-0.5-py3.3.egg/pymysql/cursors.py",
 line 108, in execute
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] query = 
query.encode(charset)
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] UnicodeEncodeError: 
'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\\udcce' in position 61: surrogates not 
allowed
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 13:02:37 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml

I tried anything i can think of, hti sis beyond me, so please shed some light.
Thank you.

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

I think i'll do a "chmod 666 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log" and see if the error 
goes away. 

I think what the problem is, i have the owner and group as root:root with 
read/write permissions, but apache is likely owned by something else 
(www:www or apache:webservd). 

So either i'll have to change the group ownership of the log file to the group 
apache is running as or change the log file to world read/write, which isn't 
safe since other people log into the box, but is generally harmless i think 
with log files. 

Checking the permissions of /var/log/httpd directory itself:

ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]# ls -ld /var/log/httpd/
drwx-- 2 root root 4096 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd//

Is that a problem?

http != Apache ?

i'm still confused about what is:
'/var/log/httpd' and what is '/usr/local/Apache'

Is seems like this is the same service runnign twice under different names.
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

I just tried out those:

root@nikos [~]# ls -l /var/log/httpd/suexec.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log

root@nikos [~]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/suexec_log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root apache 532667 Jun  4 13:11 /usr/local/apache/logs/suexec_log

root@nikos [~]# chown root:apache /var/log/httpd/suexec.log

root@nikos [~]# ls -l /var/log/httpd/suexec.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root apache 0 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log

but i'm not usre if they solve the problem or why there are 2 suexec.log files.
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Benjamin Schollnick]

On Jun 4, 2013, at 6:12 AM, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:

> Checking the permissions of /var/log/httpd directory itself:
> 
> ni...@superhost.gr [~/www/cgi-bin]# ls -ld /var/log/httpd/
> drwx-- 2 root root 4096 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd//
> 
> Is that a problem?
> 
> http != Apache ?

Yes, httpd is Apache, or at least part of Apache.

> i'm still confused about what is:
> '/var/log/httpd' and what is '/usr/local/Apache'
> 
> Is seems like this is the same service runnign twice under different names.

Not really.  

Unix unlike some other OSes, separates your data from your applications.

That's one reason, when Apple designed Mac OS X, you can re-install Mac OS X 
over your current installation, and not lose any data.  Your user data is 
separate from the OS data.

The /Usr tree is considered read-only.  In theory nothing should write to that 
folder, unless you are installing Unix tools.  Please note, it's not read only 
in the OS, yes, it does require super user rights, but that tree is not read 
only.

The /Var tree is where the OS writes data to.  For example, Log files, 
temporary work files, etc.  

I hope this clears some of this up.

If I have made any mistakes here, please feel free to politely correct me |-)

- Benjamin

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chmod 755 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /var/log/httpd/suexec.log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 0 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log*

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32414017 Jun  4 13:51 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chown root:apache 
/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 32414017 Jun  4 13:51 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]#


Now the error i get whn trying to run my scgi script via browser is

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# [Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] 
[client 46.12.95.59] suexec failure: could not open log file
[Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] fopen: Permission denied
[Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: koukos.py
[Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml


I just don't get it.
I chmod'ed
i chown'ed

Why still doesn't work?
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

send the output of the following command:

ps aux|grep httpd


> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 03:56:19 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chmod 755 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /var/log/httpd/suexec.log
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 0 Jun  1 02:52 /var/log/httpd/suexec.log*
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chmod 755 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32414017 Jun  4 13:51 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# chown root:apache 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> 
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 32414017 Jun  4 13:51 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]#
> 
> 
> Now the error i get whn trying to run my scgi script via browser is
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/cgi-bin]# [Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] 
> [client 46.12.95.59] suexec failure: could not open log file
> [Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] fopen: Permission 
> denied
> [Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of 
> script headers: koukos.py
> [Tue Jun 04 13:55:26 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
> /home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml
> 
> 
> I just don't get it.
> I chmod'ed
> i chown'ed
> 
> Why still doesn't work?
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:04:36 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno έγραψε:
> send the output of the following command: 
> ps aux|grep httpd

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ps aux | grep httpd
root 19194  0.0  0.2  74224  4440 ?Ss   Jul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
root 19201  0.0  0.1  74136  2576 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19202  0.0  0.2  74492  4320 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19203  0.0  0.2  74488  4304 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19204  0.0  0.2  74488  4352 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19205  0.0  0.2  74492  4336 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19206  0.0  0.2  74544  4328 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   19215  0.0  0.2  74492  4300 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
nobody   20170  0.0  0.2  74356  4264 ?SJul13   0:00 
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
root 20860  0.0  0.0 103240   856 pts/2S+   Jul13   0:00 grep httpd
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]#
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RE: Beginner question

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

Started answering... now I'm asking! lol

I've tried to use dict() to create a dictionary to use like the switch 
statement providing variable names instead of literals, such as:

>>> a='A'
>>> b='B'
>>> {a:0,b:1}#here the variables are resolved
{'A': 0, 'B': 1}

That's ok! But if I use dict() declaration:

>>> dict(a=0,b=1)
{'a': 0, 'b': 1}#here variable names are taken as literals

What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the variables?

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Re: files.py failing when run via browser while properly executed via terminal

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

i tried somehtign else too.

uploaded 1.mp3 and 1.exe from windows 8 via FileZilla to linux webhost

and then renamed them both  to Greek letters so that the renaming take place 
from within the CentOS and after that i tried:

http://superhost.gr/cgi-bin/files.py

Guess what? Still same error :(

[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Error in sys.excepthook:
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] ValueError: underlying 
buffer has been detached
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Original exception was:
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Traceback (most recent 
call last):
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File "files.py", line 
67, in 
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] 
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', (fullpath,) )
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"/usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/PyMySQL3-0.5-py3.3.egg/pymysql/cursors.py",
 line 108, in execute
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] query = 
query.encode(charset)
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] UnicodeEncodeError: 
'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\\udcd3' in position 61: surrogates not 
allowed
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 14:21:05 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml


What the hell is it with these Greek filenames, why everyhting breaks?
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 10:54, "Νικόλαος Κούρας"  wrote:
>
> Okey found it.
>
> since couldnt install pip i did:
>
> easy_install pymysql

It is not the recommended way to install pip, but you can ironically
easy_install pip
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

The httpd processes are run by user 'nobody'. You have to change your 
httpd.conf to assign the correct user or change the owner of the log file to 
nobody.

On httpd.conf look for the following directives:
User root
Group root


> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 04:09:44 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:04:36 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno 
> έγραψε:
> > send the output of the following command: 
> > ps aux|grep httpd
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ps aux | grep httpd
> root 19194  0.0  0.2  74224  4440 ?Ss   Jul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> root 19201  0.0  0.1  74136  2576 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19202  0.0  0.2  74492  4320 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19203  0.0  0.2  74488  4304 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19204  0.0  0.2  74488  4352 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19205  0.0  0.2  74492  4336 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19206  0.0  0.2  74544  4328 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   19215  0.0  0.2  74492  4300 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> nobody   20170  0.0  0.2  74356  4264 ?SJul13   0:00 
> /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start -DSSL
> root 20860  0.0  0.0 103240   856 pts/2S+   Jul13   0:00 grep httpd
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]#
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 32447472 Jun  4 14:36 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# chown nobody:apache 
/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nobody apache 32447472 Jun  4 14:36 
/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*


still the same error.
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 12:26, "Fábio Santos"  wrote:
>
>
> On 4 Jun 2013 10:54, "Νικόλαος Κούρας"  wrote:
> >
> > Okey found it.
> >
> > since couldnt install pip i did:
> >
> > easy_install pymysql
>
> It is not the recommended way to install pip, but you can ironically
easy_install pip

Sorry for double posting but my favorite web host has a lot of pythons. It
is very handy.
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RE: Beginner question

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 12:28, "Carlos Nepomuceno" 
wrote:
>
> Started answering... now I'm asking! lol
>
> I've tried to use dict() to create a dictionary to use like the switch
statement providing variable names instead of literals, such as:
>
> >>> a='A'
> >>> b='B'
> >>> {a:0,b:1}#here the variables are resolved
> {'A': 0, 'B': 1}
>
> That's ok! But if I use dict() declaration:
>
> >>> dict(a=0,b=1)
> {'a': 0, 'b': 1}#here variable names are taken as literals
>
> What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the variables?

Well yes.

dict(**{a:0,b:1})

The dict() constructor makes a dictionary from keyword arguments. So you
just have to feed it keyword arguments using **.

And if you're in a bad day,

dict(**locals())
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:27:25 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno έγραψε:
> The httpd processes are run by user 'nobody'. You have to change your 
> httpd.conf to assign the correct user or change the owner of the log file to 
> nobody.
> 
> On httpd.conf look for the following directives:
> User root
> Group root

Why some httpd run as root(first two) and the rest as nobody?
What is user 'nobody' anyways?

root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
| grep 'User root'
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
| grep 'user root'
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
| grep 'group root'
root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
| grep 'Group root'

Doesn't seem to be there.
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RE: Beginner question

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

>On 4 Jun 2013 12:28, "Carlos Nepomuceno"  wrote:
[...]
>> What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the variables?
>Well yes.
>dict(**{a:0,b:1})
>The dict() constructor makes a dictionary from keyword arguments. So you just 
>have to feed it keyword arguments using **.
>And if you're in a bad day,
>dict(**locals())

That's exactly the same!
>>>dict(**{a:0,b:1})=={a:0,b:1}
True

Are there any benefits from using dict() instead of {}?
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

Post your httpd.conf to pastebin and send us the link...

> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 04:38:44 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root apache 32447472 Jun  4 14:36 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# chown nobody:apache 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 nobody apache 32447472 Jun  4 14:36 
> /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log*
> 
> 
> still the same error.
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 04:36:06 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:27:25 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno 
> έγραψε:
> > The httpd processes are run by user 'nobody'. You have to change your 
> > httpd.conf to assign the correct user or change the owner of the log file 
> > to nobody.
> > 
> > On httpd.conf look for the following directives:
> > User root
> > Group root
> 
> Why some httpd run as root(first two) and the rest as nobody?

The root processes are run by init during startup. The nobody processes are 
started by the first httpd processes based on httpd.conf settings.

> What is user 'nobody' anyways?

Just a user with no shell access.

> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  
> /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf | grep 'User root'
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  
> /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf | grep 'user root'
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  
> /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf | grep 'group root'
> root@nikos [/home/nikos/www/data/apps]# cat  
> /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf | grep 'Group root'
> 
> Doesn't seem to be there.

You have to edit httpd.conf and change the User and Group directives. They 
currently are set to nobody, so you have to look for ' User nobody'  and ' 
Group nobody'.

Take care while editing httpd.conf. Make a backup copy just in case. ;)

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:42:52 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno έγραψε:
> Post your httpd.conf to pastebin and send us the link...


Here it is:  http://pastebin.com/kMT2BZp1
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ANN: Version 0.1.1 of sarge (a subprocess wrapper library) has been released.

[Vinay Sajip]

Version 0.1.1 of Sarge, a cross-platform library which wraps the subprocess
module in the standard library, has been released.

What changed?
-

- Added the ability to scan for specific patterns in subprocess output streams.

- Added convenience methods to operate on wrapped subprocesses.

- Exceptions which occur while spawning subprocesses are now propagated.

- Fixed issues #2, #3, and #4.

- Improved shell_shlex resilience with Unicode on 2.x.

- Added get_stdout, get_stderr and get_both for when subprocess output is not
  expected to be voluminous.

- Added an internal lock to serialise access to shared data.

- Added tests to cover added functionality and reported issues.

- Added numerous documentation updates.

What does Sarge do?
---

Sarge tries to make interfacing with external programs from your
Python applications easier than just using subprocess alone.

Sarge offers the following features:

* A simple way to run command lines which allows a rich subset of Bash-
style shell command syntax, but parsed and run by sarge so that you
can run on Windows without cygwin (subject to having those commands
available):

>>> from sarge import capture_stdout
>>> p = capture_stdout('echo foo | cat; echo bar')
>>> for line in p.stdout: print(repr(line))
...
'foo\n'
'bar\n'

* The ability to format shell commands with placeholders, such that
variables are quoted to prevent shell injection attacks.

* The ability to capture output streams without requiring you to
program your own threads. You just use a Capture object and then you
can read from it as and when you want.

Advantages over subprocess
---

Sarge offers the following benefits compared to using subprocess:

* The API is very simple.

* It's easier to use command pipelines - using subprocess out of the
box often leads to deadlocks because pipe buffers get filled up.

* It would be nice to use Bash-style pipe syntax on Windows, but
Windows shells don't support some of the syntax which is useful, like
&&, ||, |& and so on. Sarge gives you that functionality on Windows,
without cygwin.

* Sometimes, subprocess.Popen.communicate() is not flexible enough for
one's needs - for example, when one needs to process output a line at
a time without buffering the entire output in memory.

* It's desirable to avoid shell injection problems by having the
ability to quote command arguments safely.

* subprocess allows you to let stderr be the same as stdout, but not
the other way around - and sometimes, you need to do that.

Python version and platform compatibility
-

Sarge is intended to be used on any Python version >= 2.6 and is
tested on Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 on Linux,
Windows, and Mac OS X (not all versions are tested on all platforms,
but sarge is expected to work correctly on all these versions on all
these platforms).

Finding out more


You can read the documentation at

http://sarge.readthedocs.org/

There's a lot more information, with examples, than I can put into
this post.

You can install Sarge using "pip install sarge" to try it out. The
project is hosted on BitBucket at

https://bitbucket.org/vinay.sajip/sarge/

And you can leave feedback on the issue tracker there.

I hope you find Sarge useful!

Regards,

Vinay Sajip
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 04:48:34 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:42:52 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno 
> έγραψε:
> > Post your httpd.conf to pastebin and send us the link...
> 
> 
> Here it is:  http://pastebin.com/kMT2BZp1
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Your httpd.conf is automatically generated by cPanel. Take a look:

# Defined in /var/cpanel/cpanel.config: apache_portListen 0.0.0.0:82User 
nobodyGroup nobodyExtendedStatus OnServerAdmin nikos.gr33k@gmail.comServerName 
nikos.superhost.grLogLevel warn

That means you have to change the settings on cPanel not directly editing 
httpd.conf. I don't use cPanel so I can't help you on that.

Good luck!


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RE: Beginner question

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 12:57, "Carlos Nepomuceno" 
wrote:
>
> >On 4 Jun 2013 12:28, "Carlos Nepomuceno" 
wrote:
> [...]
>
> >> What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the
variables?
> >Well yes.
> >dict(**{a:0,b:1})
> >The dict() constructor makes a dictionary from keyword arguments. So you
just have to feed it keyword arguments using **.
> >And if you're in a bad day,
> >dict(**locals())
>
> That's exactly the same!
> >>>dict(**{a:0,b:1})=={a:0,b:1}
> True
>
> Are there any benefits from using dict() instead of {}?

Other than being able to create a dict from a list of tuples, and copying a
dict using dict(anotherdict.items()), not that I know of.
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Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"

[jmfauth]

On 2 juin, 20:09, Rick Johnson  wrote:

> >
> >
>
> I never purposely inject ANY superfluous cycles in my code except in
> the case of testing or development. To me it's about professionalism.
> Let's consider a thought exercise shall we?
>





The flexible string representation is the perfect example
of this lack of professionalism.
Wrong by design, a non understanding of the mathematical logic,
of the coding of characters, of Unicode and of the usage of
characters (everything is tight together).

How is is possible to arrive to such a situation ?
The answer if far beyond my understanding (although
I have my opinion on the subject).

jmf


-- 
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Re: Beginner question

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:53:29 +0300, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:

> That's exactly the same!
dict(**{a:0,b:1})=={a:0,b:1}
> True


Of course it is. Isn't that what you wanted?

It's also a waste of time, because you create a dict literal using {}, 
then unpack it into keyword arguments, then call dict() to create a new 
dict with the same content. Rather like doing this:

n = int(str(42))

only even more expensive.


> Are there any benefits from using dict() instead of {}?

Of course there are. {} can be used for creating dict literals, which 
means you are limited to key/values that you explicitly include. dict(), 
on the other hand, has a rich set of constructor APIs:

py> help(dict)

Help on class dict in module builtins:

class dict(object)
 |  dict() -> new empty dictionary
 |  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
 |  (key, value) pairs
 |  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
 |  d = {}
 |  for k, v in iterable:
 |  d[k] = v
 |  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
 |  in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)


py> dict(zip('abcd', range(4)), x=23, y=42, z=999)
{'a': 0, 'c': 2, 'b': 1, 'd': 3, 'y': 42, 'x': 23, 'z': 999}


Try doing that with {} alone!



-- 
Steven
-- 
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RE: Beginner question

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> From: steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info
> Subject: Re: Beginner question
> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 12:25:27 +
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:53:29 +0300, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:
> 
> > That's exactly the same!
> dict(**{a:0,b:1})=={a:0,b:1}
> > True
> 
> 
> Of course it is. Isn't that what you wanted?

Indeed! But that form isn't economically viable as you noted.
> 
> It's also a waste of time, because you create a dict literal using {}, 
> then unpack it into keyword arguments, then call dict() to create a new 
> dict with the same content. Rather like doing this:
> 
> n = int(str(42))
> 
> only even more expensive.
> 
> 
> > Are there any benefits from using dict() instead of {}?
> 
> Of course there are. {} can be used for creating dict literals, which 
> means you are limited to key/values that you explicitly include. dict(), 
> on the other hand, has a rich set of constructor APIs:
> 
> py> help(dict)
> 
> Help on class dict in module builtins:
> 
> class dict(object)
>  |  dict() -> new empty dictionary
>  |  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
>  |  (key, value) pairs
>  |  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
>  |  d = {}
>  |  for k, v in iterable:
>  |  d[k] = v
>  |  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
>  |  in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
> 
> 
> py> dict(zip('abcd', range(4)), x=23, y=42, z=999)
> {'a': 0, 'c': 2, 'b': 1, 'd': 3, 'y': 42, 'x': 23, 'z': 999}

Awesome! Now I can do it just like that:

>>> dict([(chr(ord('a')+x),x) for x in range(2)])
{'a': 0, 'b': 1}

Thanks a lot! ;)

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Re: Beginner question

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:23:39 +0300, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:

> Started answering... now I'm asking! lol
> 
> I've tried to use dict() to create a dictionary to use like the switch
> statement providing variable names instead of literals, such as:
> 
 a='A'
 b='B'
 {a:0,b:1}#here the variables are resolved
> {'A': 0, 'B': 1}
> 
> That's ok! But if I use dict() declaration:
> 
 dict(a=0,b=1)
> {'a': 0, 'b': 1}#here variable names are taken as literals
> 
> What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the variables?


This is by design. You're calling a function, dict(), and like all 
functions, code like:

func(name=value)

provides a *keyword argument*, where the argument is called "name" and 
the argument's value is as given. dict is no different from any other 
function, it has no superpowers, keyword arguments are still keyword 
arguments.

In this case, there is no simple way to use the dict() function[1] the 
way you want. You could build up a string and then call eval():

s = "dict(%s=0, %s=1)" % (a, b)
d = eval(s)

but that's slow and inconvenient and dangerous if your data is untrusted.

So in this specific case, you should stick to the {} method.



[1] Technically it's a type, not a function, but the difference makes no 
difference here.

-- 
Steven
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RE: Beginner question

[Fábio Santos]

>
> Awesome! Now I can do it just like that:
>
> >>> dict([(chr(ord('a')+x),x) for x in range(2)])
> {'a': 0, 'b': 1}
>
> Thanks a lot! ;)
>

Or
dict((c, i) for (i, c) in enumerate('ab'))

But at this point you could just use a dict comprehension.

{c: i for i, c in enumerate('ab')}
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RE: Beginner question

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> From: steve+comp.lang.pyt...@pearwood.info
> Subject: Re: Beginner question
> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 12:35:59 +
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 14:23:39 +0300, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:
> 
> > Started answering... now I'm asking! lol
> > 
> > I've tried to use dict() to create a dictionary to use like the switch
> > statement providing variable names instead of literals, such as:
> > 
>  a='A'
>  b='B'
>  {a:0,b:1}#here the variables are resolved
> > {'A': 0, 'B': 1}
> > 
> > That's ok! But if I use dict() declaration:
> > 
>  dict(a=0,b=1)
> > {'a': 0, 'b': 1}#here variable names are taken as literals
> > 
> > What's going on? Is there a way to make dict() to resolve the variables?
> 
> 
> This is by design. You're calling a function, dict(), and like all 
> functions, code like:
> 
> func(name=value)
> 
> provides a *keyword argument*, where the argument is called "name" and 
> the argument's value is as given. dict is no different from any other 
> function, it has no superpowers, keyword arguments are still keyword 
> arguments.
> 
> In this case, there is no simple way to use the dict() function[1] the 
> way you want. You could build up a string and then call eval():
> 
> s = "dict(%s=0, %s=1)" % (a, b)
> d = eval(s)
> 
> but that's slow and inconvenient and dangerous if your data is untrusted.
> 
> So in this specific case, you should stick to the {} method.
> 
> 
> 
> [1] Technically it's a type, not a function, but the difference makes no 
> difference here.
> 
> -- 
> Steven

It's superclear now! You're an excelent teacher!

Can you explain me the difference of the type and function you've just 
mentioned?

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 3:11:18 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno έγραψε:
> > Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 04:48:34 -0700
> > Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> > From: nikos...@gmail.com
> > To: pytho...@python.org
> > 
> > Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 2:42:52 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Carlos Nepomuceno 
> > έγραψε:
> > > Post your httpd.conf to pastebin and send us the link...
> > 
> > 
> > Here it is:  http://pastebin.com/kMT2BZp1
> > -- 
> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 
> Your httpd.conf is automatically generated by cPanel. Take a look:
> 
> 
> # Defined in /var/cpanel/cpanel.config: apache_port
> Listen 0.0.0.0:82
> User nobody
> Group nobody
> ExtendedStatus On
> ServerAdmin nikos...@gmail.com
> ServerName nikos.superhost.gr
> LogLevel warn
> 
> That means you have to change the settings on cPanel not directly editing 
> httpd.conf. I don't use cPanel so I can't help you on that.
> 
> Good luck!

Since, i'm root i will open the file and alter the user nobody to root.
Can't i?

Also about the suexec.log since i made it 755 why still suexec complain that it 
cannot open it?
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

root@nikos [~]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

and altering user nobody to user root.

root@nikos [~]# service httpd restart
[Tue Jun 04 15:56:42 2013] [warn] module rpaf_module is already loaded, skipping
Syntax error on line 175 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:
Error:\tApache has not been designed to serve pages while\n\trunning as root.  
There are known race conditions that\n\twill allow any local user to read any 
file on the system.\n\tIf you still desire to serve pages as root then\n\tadd 
-DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable\n\tand then rebuild the 
server.\n\tIt is strongly suggested that you instead modify the 
User\n\tdirective in your httpd.conf file to list a non-root\n\tuser.\n
root@nikos [~]#

What can i do?
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Nobody]

On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 00:58:42 -0700, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

> Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:39:08 π.μ. UTC+3, ο
> χρήστης Nobody έγραψε:
> 
>> Chrome didn't choose ISO-8859-1, the server did; the HTTP response says:
>>   Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
> 
> From where do you see this

$ wget -S -O - http://superhost.gr/data/apps/
--2013-06-04 14:00:10--  http://superhost.gr/data/apps/
Resolving superhost.gr... 82.211.30.133
Connecting to superhost.gr|82.211.30.133|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Server: ApacheBooster/1.6
  Date: Tue, 04 Jun 2013 13:00:19 GMT
  Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
  Transfer-Encoding: chunked
  Connection: keep-alive
  Vary: Accept-Encoding
  X-Cacheable: YES
  X-Varnish: 2000177813
  Via: 1.1 varnish
  age: 0
  X-Cache: MISS

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 10:57 PM, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:
> root@nikos [~]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
>
> and altering user nobody to user root.
>
> root@nikos [~]# service httpd restart
> [Tue Jun 04 15:56:42 2013] [warn] module rpaf_module is already loaded, 
> skipping
> Syntax error on line 175 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:
> Error:\tApache has not been designed to serve pages while\n\trunning as root. 
>  There are known race conditions that\n\twill allow any local user to read 
> any file on the system.\n\tIf you still desire to serve pages as root 
> then\n\tadd -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable\n\tand then 
> rebuild the server.\n\tIt is strongly suggested that you instead modify the 
> User\n\tdirective in your httpd.conf file to list a non-root\n\tuser.\n
> root@nikos [~]#
>
> What can i do?

Don't do that.

ChrisA
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RE: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 05:57:54 -0700
> Subject: Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script
> From: nikos.gr...@gmail.com
> To: python-list@python.org
> 
> root@nikos [~]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
> 
> and altering user nobody to user root.
> 
> root@nikos [~]# service httpd restart
> [Tue Jun 04 15:56:42 2013] [warn] module rpaf_module is already loaded, 
> skipping
> Syntax error on line 175 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:
> Error:\tApache has not been designed to serve pages while\n\trunning as root. 
>  There are known race conditions that\n\twill allow any local user to read 
> any file on the system.\n\tIf you still desire to serve pages as root 
> then\n\tadd -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable\n\tand then 
> rebuild the server.\n\tIt is strongly suggested that you instead modify the 
> User\n\tdirective in your httpd.conf file to list a non-root\n\tuser.\n
> root@nikos [~]#
> 
> What can i do?

You don't need to run httpd as root. In fact it's risky. You can use another 
user with less privileges to run it like nobody or something else you see fit.

I don't think the suggestion to rebuild the server is good, but I don't know 
how cPanel works so it's just a guess.


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Re: Beginner question

[Roy Smith]

In article ,
 Larry Hudson  wrote:

> def partdeux():
>  print('A man lunges at you with a knife!')
>  option = input('Do you DUCK or PARRY?  ').lower()
>  success = random.randint(0, 1)
>  if success:
>  if option == 'duck':
>  print('He tumbles over you')
>  return
>  if option == 'parry':
>  print('You trip him up')
>  return
>  print('He stabs you')

I'm going to suggest another possible way to organize this.  I'm not 
claiming it's necessarily better, but as this is a learning exercise, 
it's worth exploring.  Get rid of all the conditional logic and make 
this purely table-driven:

responses = {(0, 'duck'): "He tumbles over you",
 (0, 'parry'): "You trip him up",
 (1, 'duck'): "He stabs you",
 (1, 'parry'): "He stabs you",
}

and then

def partdeux():
 print('A man lunges at you with a knife!')
 option = input('Do you DUCK or PARRY?  ').lower()
 success = random.randint(0, 1)
 print responses[(success, option)]

Consider what happens when the game evolves to the point where you have 
four options (DUCK, PARRY, RETREAT, FEINT), multiple levels of success, 
and modifiers for which hand you and/or your opponent are holding your 
weapons in?  Trying to cover all that with nested logic will quickly 
drive you insane.
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 4:10:58 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Chris Angelico έγραψε:
> On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 10:57 PM, Νικόλαος Κούρας  
> wrote:
> 
> > root@nikos [~]# nano /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

> > and altering user nobody to user root.

> > root@nikos [~]# service httpd restart
> 
> > [Tue Jun 04 15:56:42 2013] [warn] module rpaf_module is already loaded, 
> > skipping
> 
> > Syntax error on line 175 of /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf:
> 
> > Error:\tApache has not been designed to serve pages while\n\trunning as 
> > root.  There are known race conditions that\n\twill allow any local user to 
> > read any file on the system.\n\tIf you still desire to serve pages as root 
> > then\n\tadd -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable\n\tand then 
> > rebuild the server.\n\tIt is strongly suggested that you instead modify the 
> > User\n\tdirective in your httpd.conf file to list a non-root\n\tuser.\n

> Don't do that.

Well i can understand its dangerous but it doesnt also let me.
So that leaved me the tampering of the log files.

root@nikos [~]# chmod 755 /var/log/httpd/error_log
root@nikos [~]# chown nobody:nobody  /var/log/httpd/error_log

root@nikos [~]# chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
root@nikos [~]# chown nobody:nobody  /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log

BUT just my luck.

root@nikos [~]# [Tue Jun 04 16:16:21 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] suexec 
failure: could not open log file
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:21 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] fopen: Permission denied
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:21 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: koukos.py
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:21 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:24 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] suexec failure: could 
not open log file
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:24 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] fopen: Permission denied
[Tue Jun 04 16:16:24 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: koukos.py


I DONT KNOW WHAT ELSE TO TRY PLEASE HELP ILL TRY ANYTHING YOU SAY.
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Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"

[rusi]

On Jun 4, 5:23 pm, jmfauth  wrote:
> On 2 juin, 20:09, Rick Johnson  wrote:
>
>
>
> > I never purposely inject ANY superfluous cycles in my code except in
> > the case of testing or development. To me it's about professionalism.
> > Let's consider a thought exercise shall we?
>
> 
>
> The flexible string representation is the perfect example
> of this lack of professionalism.
> Wrong by design, a non understanding of the mathematical logic,
> of the coding of characters, of Unicode and of the usage of
> characters (everything is tight together).
>
> How is is possible to arrive to such a situation ?
> The answer if far beyond my understanding (although
> I have my opinion on the subject).
>
> jmf

The Clash of the Titans

Lé jmf chârgeth with mightƴ might
And le Mond underneath trembleth
Now RR mounts his sturdy steed
And the windmill yonder turneth
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Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"

[Mark Lawrence]

On 04/06/2013 14:29, rusi wrote:

On Jun 4, 5:23 pm, jmfauth  wrote:

On 2 juin, 20:09, Rick Johnson  wrote:




I never purposely inject ANY superfluous cycles in my code except in
the case of testing or development. To me it's about professionalism.
Let's consider a thought exercise shall we?




The flexible string representation is the perfect example
of this lack of professionalism.
Wrong by design, a non understanding of the mathematical logic,
of the coding of characters, of Unicode and of the usage of
characters (everything is tight together).

How is is possible to arrive to such a situation ?
The answer if far beyond my understanding (although
I have my opinion on the subject).

jmf


The Clash of the Titans

Lé jmf chârgeth with mightƴ might
And le Mond underneath trembleth
Now RR mounts his sturdy steed
And the windmill yonder turneth



+1 funniest poem of the week :)

--
"Steve is going for the pink ball - and for those of you who are 
watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green." Snooker 
commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 4:01:48 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Nobody έγραψε:
> On Tue, 04 Jun 2013 00:58:42 -0700, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> > Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 10:39:08 π.μ. UTC+3, ο
> 
> > χρήστης Nobody έγραψε:
> 
> > 
> 
> >> Chrome didn't choose ISO-8859-1, the server did; the HTTP response says:
> 
> >>   Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
> 
> > 
> 
> > From where do you see this
> 
> 
> 
> $ wget -S -O - http://superhost.gr/data/apps/
> 
> --2013-06-04 14:00:10--  http://superhost.gr/data/apps/
> 
> Resolving superhost.gr... 82.211.30.133
> 
> Connecting to superhost.gr|82.211.30.133|:80... connected.
> 
> HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 
> 
>   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
> 
>   Server: ApacheBooster/1.6
> 
>   Date: Tue, 04 Jun 2013 13:00:19 GMT
> 
>   Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1
> 
>   Transfer-Encoding: chunked
> 
>   Connection: keep-alive
> 
>   Vary: Accept-Encoding
> 
>   X-Cacheable: YES
> 
>   X-Varnish: 2000177813
> 
>   Via: 1.1 varnish
> 
>   age: 0
> 
>   X-Cache: MISS

Ah, you were talking for the '/www/data/apps subfolder', yes indeed, i though 
you were talking about superhost.gr.

That how Apache chooses to show them, but this is not so much important because 
visitors wont enter directly that page, but they will have a chnace to get 
those files from within http://superhost.gr/cgi-bin/files.py

which in turn gives me this:

[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Error in sys.excepthook:
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] ValueError: underlying 
buffer has been detached
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Original exception was:
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Traceback (most recent 
call last):
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File "files.py", line 
67, in 
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] 
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', (fullpath,) )
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"/usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/PyMySQL3-0.5-py3.3.egg/pymysql/cursors.py",
 line 108, in execute
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] query = 
query.encode(charset)
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] UnicodeEncodeError: 
'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\\udcd3' in position 61: surrogates not 
allowed
[Tue Jun 04 16:36:09 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py

:(
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Re: How to get an integer from a sequence of bytes

[Grant Edwards]

On 2013-06-03, Dan Stromberg  wrote:
> On Mon, Jun 3, 2013 at 7:31 AM, Grant Edwards wrote:
>
>> That's a common assumption, but historically, a "byte" was merely the
>> smallest addressable unit of memory.  The size of a "byte" on widely
>> used used CPUs ranged from 4 bits to 60 bits.
>>
>> Quoting from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte
>>
>> "The size of the byte has historically been hardware
>>  dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the
>>  size."
>>
>> That's why IEEE standards always use the word "octet" when referring a
>> value containing 8 bits.
>
> When I was a Freshman in college, I used a CDC Cyber a lot; it had 6 bit
> bytes and 60 bit words.  This was in 1985.

But you couldn't address individual 6-bit "hextets" in memory could
you?  My recollection is that incrementing a memory address got you
the next 60-bit chunk -- that means that by the older terminology a
"byte" was 60 bits.  A "character" was 6 bits, and a single register
or memory location could hold 6 characters.

> Today though, it would be difficult to sell a conventional (Von Neumann)
> computer that didn't have 8 bit bytes.

There are tons (as in millions of units per month) of CPUs still being
sold in the DSP market with 16, 20, 24, and 32 bit "bytes".  (When
writing C on a TMS320Cxx CPU sizeof (char) == sizeof (int) == sizeof
(long) == sizeof (float) == sizeof (double) == 1.  They all contain 32
bits.

> Quantum computers would still sell if they were odd this way -
> they're going to be really different anyway.

-- 
Grant Edwards   grant.b.edwardsYow! Either CONFESS now or
  at   we go to "PEOPLE'S COURT"!!
  gmail.com
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Re: How to get an integer from a sequence of bytes

[Grant Edwards]

On 2013-06-03, Carlos Nepomuceno  wrote:
> 
>> Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2013 15:41:41 -0700 
>> Subject: Re: How to get an integer from a sequence of bytes 
>> From: drsali...@gmail.com 
>> To: python-list@python.org 
> [...]
>> Today though, it would be difficult to sell a conventional (Von  
>> Neumann) computer that didn't have 8 bit bytes.  Quantum computers  
>> would still sell if they were odd this way - they're going to be really  
>> different anyway. 
>
> Nowadays it would be a hard task to find a Von Neumann architecture
> machine.
>
> Most of current CPUs are variants of the Harvard architecture: they
> separate instructions from data at the cache level.  

VN designs are still very common in smaller CPUs (embedded stuff).

Even modern desktop CPUs are "logically" still Von Neumann designs
from the programmer's point of view (there's only a single address
space for both data and instructions).  The fact that there are two
sparate caches is almost entirely hidden from the user.  If you start
to do stuff like write self-modifying code, then _may_ start having to
worry about cache coherency.

-- 
Grant Edwards   grant.b.edwardsYow! I request a weekend in
  at   Havana with Phil Silvers!
  gmail.com
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

>Steven said:
>It looks like your client is ignoring the charset header, and 
>interpreting the bytes as Latin-1 when they are actually ISO-8859-7. 

>py> s = 'Eυχή του Ιησού.mp3' 
>py> print(s.encode('ISO-8859-7').decode('latin-1')) 
>Eõ÷Þ ôïõ Éçóïý.mp3 

>which matches what you see. If you can manually tell your client to use 
>ISO-8859-7, you should see it correctly. 

I think this is the case too Steven, but it suprises me to see that Chrome 
ignores the charset header. 

Actually when i told explicitly Chrome to display everythign as utf-8 it 
presented the filaname properly. 

py> print(s.encode('ISO-8859-7').decode('latin-1')) 

Why you are encoding the 's' string to greek-iso? 
Isn't it set by itself in greek-iso since it uses greek-iso lettering?
I think you are very close to solution but i cannot clearly see it yet.
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RE: How to get an integer from a sequence of bytes

[Carlos Nepomuceno]

> From: invalid@invalid.invalid
> Subject: Re: How to get an integer from a sequence of bytes
> Date: Tue, 4 Jun 2013 13:42:46 +
> To: python-list@python.org
[...]
> VN designs are still very common in smaller CPUs (embedded stuff).

DSPs perhaps... not CPUs. Even ARMs are Harvard variants.

> Even modern desktop CPUs are "logically" still Von Neumann designs
> from the programmer's point of view (there's only a single address
> space for both data and instructions).  The fact that there are two
> sparate caches is almost entirely hidden from the user.  If you start
> to do stuff like write self-modifying code, then _may_ start having to
> worry about cache coherency.

Code/data separation isn't the only aspect. VN architecture is totally serial, 
even for RAM.

It's been a while since we've got into the multi-core, multipath world. Even in 
embedded devices.

> -- 
> Grant Edwards   grant.b.edwardsYow! I request a weekend in
>   at   Havana with Phil Silvers!
>   gmail.com
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
  -- 
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

I' just tried to implment your idea by correcting file names as:

# Compute a set of current fullpaths
fullpaths = set()
path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for fullpath in files:
fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )


# Load'em 
for fullpath in fullpaths:
try: 
# Check the presence of a file against the database and insert 
if it doesn't exist
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', ( 
fullpath.encode('ISO-8859-7').decode('latin-1'), )
data = cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be 
one 

This gave me this error:

root@nikos [~]# [Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"files.py", line 68
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] data = 
cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be one
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]^
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] SyntaxError: invalid 
syntax
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml


It seem that this approach overcame the error, won't you agree?
But i see no syntax error in the exact follow up line.

data = cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be one
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Mark Lawrence]

On 04/06/2013 14:57, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

I' just tried to implment your idea by correcting file names as:

# Compute a set of current fullpaths
fullpaths = set()
path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for fullpath in files:
fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )


# Load'em
for fullpath in fullpaths:
try:
# Check the presence of a file against the database and insert 
if it doesn't exist
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', ( 
fullpath.encode('ISO-8859-7').decode('latin-1'), )
data = cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be 
one

This gave me this error:

root@nikos [~]# [Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"files.py", line 68
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] data = 
cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be one
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]^
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] SyntaxError: invalid 
syntax
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 16:55:51 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml


It seem that this approach overcame the error, won't you agree?
But i see no syntax error in the exact follow up line.

data = cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be one



The syntax error is often in the preceeding line, typically because 
you're missed a closing bracket.


--
"Steve is going for the pink ball - and for those of you who are 
watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green." Snooker 
commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

No, brackets are all there. Just tried:

# Compute a set of current fullpaths
fullpaths = set()
path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for fullpath in files:
fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )
print (fullpath )
print (fullpath.encode('iso-8859-7').decode('latin-1') )

sys.exit(0)

=

root@nikos [~]# [Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Error 
in sys.excepthook:
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] ValueError: underlying 
buffer has been detached
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Original exception was:
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Traceback (most recent 
call last):
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File "files.py", line 
61, in 
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] print (fullpath )
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"/usr/local/lib/python3.3/codecs.py", line 355, in write
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] data, consumed = 
self.encode(object, self.errors)
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] UnicodeEncodeError: 
'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\\udcc5' in position 0: surrogates not 
allowed
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 17:16:18 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml

=

What are these 'surrogate' things?
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Know i tries the decode thing the moment the string join.

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for fullpath in files:
fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath).decode('latin-1') )

But the /www/data/apps folder have inside them both english & greek filenames

It's clear to me now that this is a matter of encoding-decoding issue.
But encode to what and decode to what other?

How can the script encode and decode properly when it has  mix of both english 
and weird-greek endoing filanems inside its corresponding folder?
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris Angelico]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 11:17 PM, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:
> I DONT KNOW WHAT ELSE TO TRY PLEASE HELP ILL TRY ANYTHING YOU SAY.

You should try power surging your drivers. Have you got a spare power cord?

ChrisA

[1] http://www.oocities.org/timessquare/4753/bofh.htm
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Re: Too many python installations. Should i remove them all and install the latest?

[Michael Torrie]

On 06/04/2013 01:39 AM, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:
> Well, since you dough me here it is:

Did you even bother to google it?  If you did, you'd find that
python-pip is available in a semi-official repository called EPEL.  Just
about every RHEL and CentOS install should have EPEL installed.  Now
it's pip for Python 2.6 of course.  If you need python 3.3, there is a
repo out there (third-party of course) that google can help you find.
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 5:33:03 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Chris Angelico έγραψε:

> > I DONT KNOW WHAT ELSE TO TRY PLEASE HELP ILL TRY ANYTHING YOU SAY. 

> You should try power surging your drivers. Have you got a spare power cord?

Jokes are funny, but its over a week now the script is correct and the damn 
suexec thing doesnt let me do my job.
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Mark Lawrence]

On 04/06/2013 15:40, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 5:33:03 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Chris Angelico έγραψε:


I DONT KNOW WHAT ELSE TO TRY PLEASE HELP ILL TRY ANYTHING YOU SAY.



You should try power surging your drivers. Have you got a spare power cord?


Jokes are funny, but its over a week now the script is correct and the damn 
suexec thing doesnt let me do my job.



I don't know much about the Python suexec module, can you please explain 
where it's documented.  Or is suexec nothing to do with Python?


--
"Steve is going for the pink ball - and for those of you who are 
watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green." Snooker 
commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris “Kwpolska” Warrick]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 4:49 PM, Mark Lawrence  wrote:
> I don't know much about the Python suexec module, can you please explain
> where it's documented.  Or is suexec nothing to do with Python?

From Wikipedia:
> Apache suEXEC is a feature of the Apache Web server. It allows users to run 
> CGI and SSI applications as a different user - normally, all web server 
> processes run as the default web server user (often wwwrun, Apache or nobody).

In other words: Nikolaos is trying to do something HORRIBLY WRONG
(just like always).  The proper way would be to run the python scripts
through WSGI as the standard nobody user.  Or do proper file
permissions.  And WSGI should be used through something intelligent
(flask/pyramid/…)

--- OT START ---
On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 4:33 PM, Chris Angelico  wrote:
> You should try power surging your drivers. Have you got a spare power cord?
>
> ChrisA
>
> [1] http://www.oocities.org/timessquare/4753/bofh.htm
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Please link and read at the BOFH’s page.  [0] is the page and [1] is
this exact story.

[0]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH/index.php
[1]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH//bastard07.php

--
Kwpolska  | GPG KEY: 5EAAEA16
stop html mail| always bottom-post
http://asciiribbon.org| http://caliburn.nl/topposting.html
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Michael Torrie]

On 06/04/2013 08:18 AM, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:
> No, brackets are all there. Just tried:
> 
> # Compute a set of current fullpaths
> fullpaths = set()
> path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"
> 
> for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
>   for fullpath in files:
>   fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )
>   print (fullpath )
>   print (fullpath.encode('iso-8859-7').decode('latin-1') )


This is wrong.  You are converting unicode to iso-8859-7 bytes, then
trying to convert those bytes back to unicode by pretending they are
latin-1 bytes.  Even if this worked it will generate garbage.

> What are these 'surrogate' things?

It means that when you tried to decode greek bytes using latin-1, there
were some invalid unicode letters created (which is expected, since the
bytes are not latin-1, they are iso-8859-7!).

If you want the browser to use a particular encoding scheme (utf-8),
then you have to print out an HTTP header before you start printing your
other HTML data:

print("Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8\r\n")
print("\r\n)

print("html data goes here)


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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris Angelico]

On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 1:06 AM, Chris “Kwpolska” Warrick
 wrote:
>> [1] http://www.oocities.org/timessquare/4753/bofh.htm
>> --
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
> Please link and read at the BOFH’s page.  [0] is the page and [1] is
> this exact story.
>
> [0]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH/index.php
> [1]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH//bastard07.php

Hrm. I went poking on ntk.net but couldn't find it, so I posted a
different link rather than go with no link. Thanks for finding the
official page, that's what I'd prefer normally.

I think SimonT mucked up something a while ago and lost himself a pile
of search engine rank.

ChrisA
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> 
> 
> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> 
> 
> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> 
> 
> If the header is something like:
> 
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> I just use:
> 
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> and this returns me with '1'
> 
> 
> 
> But, if the header is:
> 
> h02: ('>contig-100_1')
> 
> if I use:
> 
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> this returns me with: ''
> 
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> and subsequently:
> 
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> 
> 
> Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks for your help and attention
> 
> Max

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lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

Hi everyone,

I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)

I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.

If the header is something like:
h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
I just use:
h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
and this returns me '1'

But, if the header is:
h02: ('>contig-100_0')
if I use:
h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
this returns me with: ''
...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
I get h02b = ('_1')
and subsequently:
h02b.lstrip('_')
returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!

Why is this happening? What am I missing?

Thanks for your help and attention
Max

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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Joel Goldstick]

On Tue, Jun 4, 2013 at 11:11 AM, Chris Angelico  wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 1:06 AM, Chris “Kwpolska” Warrick
>  wrote:
> >> [1] http://www.oocities.org/timessquare/4753/bofh.htm
> >> --
> >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> >
> > Please link and read at the BOFH’s page.  [0] is the page and [1] is
> > this exact story.
> >
> > [0]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH/index.php
> > [1]: http://bofh.ntk.net/BOFH//bastard07.php
>
> Hrm. I went poking on ntk.net but couldn't find it, so I posted a
> different link rather than go with no link. Thanks for finding the
> official page, that's what I'd prefer normally.
>
> I think SimonT mucked up something a while ago and lost himself a pile
> of search engine rank.
>
> ChrisA
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


reading this thread is like slowing down to see the car wreck on the other
side of the highway.  I think I feel bad for the people who are paying to
host their stuff on the OP server.  But maybe they get what they deserve.

-- 
Joel Goldstick
http://joelgoldstick.com
-- 
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> 
> 
> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> 
> 
> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> 
> 
> If the header is something like:
> 
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> I just use:
> 
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> and this returns me '1'
> 
> 
> 
> But, if the header is:
> 
> h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> 
> if I use:
> 
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> this returns me with: ''
> 
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> and subsequently:
> 
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> 
> 
> Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks for your help and attention
> 
> Max

edit: h02: ('>contig-100_1')
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> 
> 
> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> 
> 
> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> 
> 
> If the header is something like:
> 
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> I just use:
> 
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> and this returns me '1'
> 
> 
> 
> But, if the header is:
> 
> h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> 
> if I use:
> 
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> this returns me with: ''
> 
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> and subsequently:
> 
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> 
> 
> Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks for your help and attention
> 
> Max

edit: h02= ('>contig-100_1') 
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> 
> 
> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> 
> 
> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> 
> 
> If the header is something like:
> 
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> I just use:
> 
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> and this returns me '1'
> 
> 
> 
> But, if the header is:
> 
> h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> 
> if I use:
> 
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> this returns me with: ''
> 
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> and subsequently:
> 
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> 
> 
> Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> 
> 
> Thanks for your help and attention
> 
> Max

edit:
h02= ('>contig-100_1')
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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Rick Johnson]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 12:39:59 AM UTC-5, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Mon, 03 Jun 2013 18:37:24 -0700, Rick Johnson wrote:

> Consider a simple thought experiment. Suppose we start with a sequence of 
> if statements that begin simple and get more complicated:
> if a == 1: ...
> if a == 1 and b > 2*c: ...
> if a == 1 and b > 2*c or d%4 == 1: ...
> if a == 1 and b > 2*c or d%4 == 1 and not (d**3//7)%3 == 0: ...
> I don't believe that any of these tests are improved by adding an 
> extraneous "== True" at the end:
> if (a == 1) == True: ...
> if (a == 1 and b > 2*c) == True: ...
> if (a == 1 and b > 2*c or d%4 == 1) == True: ...
> if (a == 1 and b > 2*c or d%4 == 1 and not (d**3//7)%3 == 0) == True: ...

And i agree!

You are misunderstanding my very valid point. Post-fixing a
"== True" when truth testing a *real* Boolean (psst: that's
a True or False object) is superfluous, I'm referring to
truth testing non-Boolean values. So with that in mind, the
following is acceptably "explicit enough" for me:

a = True
if a:
do_something()

However, since Python allows implicit conversion to Boolean
for ALL types, unless we know for sure, beyond any
reasonable doubt, that the variable we are truth testing is
pointing to a True or False object, we are taking too many
chances and will eventually create subtle bugs.

a = " "
if a:
do_something()

When if write code that "truth tests", i expect that the
value i'm testing is a True or False object, not an empty
list that *magically* converts to False when i place an "if"
in front of it, or a list with more members that magically
converts to True when i place an "if" in front of it.

This implicit conversion seems like a good idea at first,
and i was caught up in the hype myself for some time: "Hey,
i can save a few keystrokes, AWESOME!". However, i can tell
you with certainty that this implicit conversion is folly.
It is my firm belief that truth testing a value that is not
a Boolean should raise an exception. If you want to convert
a type to Boolean then pass it to the bool function:

lst = [1,2,3]
if bool(lst):
do_something

This would be "explicit enough"


> If you are unfamiliar with Python, then you have to learn what the 
> semantics of "if lst" means. Just as you would have to learn what 
> "if len(lst) > 0" means.

Again, i understand the folly of "implicit Boolean
conversion" just fine.

> > I prefer to be explicit at the cost of a few keystrokes:
> >   if len(lst) > 0:
> This line of code is problematic, for various reasons:
> - you're making assumptions about the object which are unnecessary;
> - which breaks duck-typing;
> - and risks doing too much work, or failing altogether.
> You're looking up the length of the lst object, but you don't really care 
> about the length. 

Yes i do care about the length or i would not have asked.
I'm asking Python to tell me if the iterable has members,
amd if it does, i want to execute a block of code, if it
does not, i want to do nothing. But i'm also informing the
reader of my source code that the symbol i am truth testing
is expected to be an iterable with a __len__ method.

"if lst" does not give me the same answer (or imply the same
meaning to a reader), it merely tells me that the implict
conversion has resulted in a True value, but what if the lst
symbol is pointing to a string? Then i will falsely believe
i have a list with members when i actually have a string
with length greater than zero.

> You only care about whether there is something there or 
> not, whether lst is empty or not. It makes no difference whether lst 
> contains one item or one hundred million items, and yet you're asking to 
> count them all. Only to throw that count away immediately!

I agree. Summing the list members just to guarantee that the
iterable has members is foolish, however, python gives me no
other choice IF i want to be "explicit enough". In a
properly designed language, the base iterable object would
supply a "hasLength" or "hasMembers" method that would
return a much faster check of:

try:
iterable[0]
except IndexError:
return False
else:
return True

That check would guarantee the iterable contained at least
one member without counting them all.

> Looking at the length of a built-in list is cheap, but why assume it is a 
> built-in list? Perhaps it is a linked list where counting the items 
> requires a slow O(N) traversal of the entire list. Or some kind of lazy 
> sequence that has no way of counting the items remaining, but knows 
> whether it is exhausted or not.

Yes, but the problem is not "my approach", rather the lack
of proper language design (my apologizes to the "anointed
one". ;-)

> The Python way is to duck-type, and to let the lst object decide for 
> itself whether it's empty or not:
> if lst: ...
> not to make assumptions about the specific type and performance of the 
> object.

Well Steven, in the real world sometime

Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 16:34, "mstagliamonte"  wrote:
>
> On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> > Hi everyone,
> >
> >
> >
> > I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> >
> >
> >
> > I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> >
> >
> >
> > If the header is something like:
> >
> > h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> >
> > I just use:
> >
> > h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> >
> > and this returns me '1'
> >
> >
> >
> > But, if the header is:
> >
> > h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> >
> > if I use:
> >
> > h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> >
> > this returns me with: ''
> >
> > ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other
way:
> >
> > h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> >
> > I get h02b = ('_1')
> >
> > and subsequently:
> >
> > h02b.lstrip('_')
> >
> > returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> >
> >
> >
> > Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> >
> >
> >
> > Thanks for your help and attention
> >
> > Max
>
> edit: h02: ('>contig-100_1')

You don't have to use ('..') to declare a string. Just 'your string' will
do.

You can use str.split to split your string by a character.

(Not tested)

string_on_left, numbers = '>contig-100_01'.split('-')
left_number, right_number = numbers.split('_')
left_number, right_number = int(left_number), int(right_number)

Of course, you will want to replace the variable names.

If you have more advanced parsing needs, you will want to look at regular
expressions or blobs.
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[MRAB]

On 04/06/2013 16:21, mstagliamonte wrote:

Hi everyone,

I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)

I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.

If the header is something like:
h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
I just use:
h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
and this returns me '1'

But, if the header is:
h02: ('>contig-100_0')
if I use:
h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
this returns me with: ''
...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
I get h02b = ('_1')
and subsequently:
h02b.lstrip('_')
returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!

Why is this happening? What am I missing?


The methods 'lstrip', 'rstrip' and 'strip' don't strip a string, they
strip characters.

You should think of the argument as a set of characters to be removed.

This code:

h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')

will return the result of stripping the characters '>', '_', 'a', 'c',
'd', 'f', 'l', 'o' and 's' from the left-hand end of h01.

A simpler example:

>>> 'xyyxyabc'.lstrip('xy')
'abc'

It strips the characters 'x' and 'y' from the string, not the string
'xy' as such.

They are that way because they have been in Python for a long time,
long before sets and such like were added to the language.
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Re: Source code as text/plain

[Andreas Perstinger]

On 04.06.2013 00:34, Carlos Nepomuceno wrote:



Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2013 09:06:46 +1000
From: c...@zip.com.au
To: c...@rebertia.com

[...]

http://hg.python.org/cpython/raw-file/tip/Lib/string.py


What's the 'tip' tag?   


http://hg.python.org/cpython/help/tip

Bye, Andreas
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:41:43 AM UTC-4, Fábio Santos wrote:
> On 4 Jun 2013 16:34, "mstagliamonte"  wrote:
> 
> >
> 
> > On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:21:53 AM UTC-4, mstagliamonte wrote:
> 
> > > Hi everyone,
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > If the header is something like:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > I just use:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > and this returns me '1'
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > But, if the header is:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > if I use:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > this returns me with: ''
> 
> > >
> 
> > > ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > and subsequently:
> 
> > >
> 
> > > h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> > >
> 
> > > returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > >
> 
> > > Thanks for your help and attention
> 
> > >
> 
> > > Max
> 
> >
> 
> > edit: h02: ('>contig-100_1')
> 
> You don't have to use ('..') to declare a string. Just 'your string' will do.
> 
> You can use str.split to split your string by a character.
> 
> (Not tested)
> 
> string_on_left, numbers = '>contig-100_01'.split('-')
> 
> left_number, right_number = numbers.split('_')
> 
> left_number, right_number = int(left_number), int(right_number)
> 
> Of course, you will want to replace the variable names.
> 
> If you have more advanced parsing needs, you will want to look at regular 
> expressions or blobs.

Thanks, I will try it straight away. Still, I don't understand why the original 
command is returning me with nothing !? Have you got any idea? 
I am trying to understand a bit the 'nuts and bolts' of what I am doing and 
this result does not make any sense to me

Regards
Max
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[Peter Otten]

mstagliamonte wrote:

> Hi everyone,
> 
> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> If the header is something like:
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> I just use:
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> and this returns me '1'
> 
> But, if the header is:
> h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> if I use:
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> this returns me with: ''
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> and subsequently:
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> Why is this happening? What am I missing?

"abba".lstrip("ab")

does not remove the prefix "ab" from the string "abba". Instead it removes 
chars from the beginning until it encounters one that is not in "ab". So

t = s.lstrip(chars_to_be_removed)

is roughly equivalent to

t = s
while len(t) > 0 and t[0] in chars_to_be_removed:
t = t[1:]

If you want to remove a prefix use

s = "abba"
prefix = "ab"
if s.startswith(prefix):
s = s[len(prefix):]



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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

On Tuesday, June 4, 2013 11:48:55 AM UTC-4, MRAB wrote:
> On 04/06/2013 16:21, mstagliamonte wrote:
> 
> > Hi everyone,
> 
> >
> 
> > I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)
> 
> >
> 
> > I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.
> 
> >
> 
> > If the header is something like:
> 
> > h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> 
> > I just use:
> 
> > h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> > and this returns me '1'
> 
> >
> 
> > But, if the header is:
> 
> > h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> 
> > if I use:
> 
> > h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> 
> > this returns me with: ''
> 
> > ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> 
> > h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> 
> > I get h02b = ('_1')
> 
> > and subsequently:
> 
> > h02b.lstrip('_')
> 
> > returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!
> 
> >
> 
> > Why is this happening? What am I missing?
> 
> >
> 
> The methods 'lstrip', 'rstrip' and 'strip' don't strip a string, they
> 
> strip characters.
> 
> 
> 
> You should think of the argument as a set of characters to be removed.
> 
> 
> 
> This code:
> 
> 
> 
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> 
> 
> 
> will return the result of stripping the characters '>', '_', 'a', 'c',
> 
> 'd', 'f', 'l', 'o' and 's' from the left-hand end of h01.
> 
> 
> 
> A simpler example:
> 
> 
> 
>  >>> 'xyyxyabc'.lstrip('xy')
> 
> 'abc'
> 
> 
> 
> It strips the characters 'x' and 'y' from the string, not the string
> 
> 'xy' as such.
> 
> 
> 
> They are that way because they have been in Python for a long time,
> 
> long before sets and such like were added to the language.

Hey,

Great! Now I understand!
So, basically, it is also stripping the numbers after the '_' !!

Thank you, I know a bit more now!

Have a nice day everyone :)
Max
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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Chris Angelico]

On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 1:44 AM, Rick Johnson
 wrote:
> But we are really ignoring the elephant in the room. Implict
> conversion to Boolean is just a drop in the bucket compared
> to the constant "shell game" we are subjected to when
> reading source code. We so naively believe that a symbol
> named "lst" is a list object or a symbol "age" is a integer,
> when we could be totally wrong! This is the source of many
> subtle bugs!!!

You know, if you want a language with strict type declarations and
extreme run-time efficiency, there are some around. I think one of
them might even be used to make the most popular Python. Give it a
try, you might like it! There's NO WAY that you could accidentally
pass a list to a function that's expecting a float, NO WAY to
unexpectedly call a method on the wrong type of object. It would suit
you perfectly!

ChrisA
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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[John Gordon]

In <1829efca-935d-4049-ba61-7138015a2...@googlegroups.com> mstagliamonte 
 writes:

> Hi everyone,

> I am a beginner in python and trying to find my way through... :)

> I am writing a script to get numbers from the headers of a text file.

> If the header is something like:
> h01 = ('>scaffold_1')
> I just use:
> h01.lstrip('>scaffold_')
> and this returns me '1'

> But, if the header is:
> h02: ('>contig-100_0')
> if I use:
> h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')
> this returns me with: ''
> ...basically nothing. What surprises me is that if I do in this other way:
> h02b = h02.lstrip('>contig-100')
> I get h02b = ('_1')
> and subsequently:
> h02b.lstrip('_')
> returns me with: '1' which is what I wanted!

> Why is this happening? What am I missing?

It's happening because the argument you pass to lstrip() isn't an exact
string to be removed; it's a set of individual characters, all of which
will be stripped out.

So, when you make this call:

h02.lstrip('>contig-100_')

You're telling python to remove all of the characters in '>contig-100_' from
the base string, which leaves nothing remaining.

The reason it "worked" on your first example was that the character '1'
didn't occur in your sample header string 'scaffold_'.

If the underscore character is always the separating point in your headers,
a better way might be to use the split() method instead of lstrip().

-- 
John Gordon   A is for Amy, who fell down the stairs
gor...@panix.com  B is for Basil, assaulted by bears
-- Edward Gorey, "The Gashlycrumb Tinies"

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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[Mark Lawrence]

On 04/06/2013 16:49, mstagliamonte wrote:

[strip the double line spaced nonsense]

Can you please check your email settings.  It's bad enough being plagued 
with double line spaced mail from google, having it come from yahoo is 
just adding insult to injury, thanks :)


--
"Steve is going for the pink ball - and for those of you who are 
watching in black and white, the pink is next to the green." Snooker 
commentator 'Whispering' Ted Lowe.


Mark Lawrence

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Re: lstrip problem - beginner question

[mstagliamonte]

Thanks to everyone! I didn't expect so many replies in such a short time!

Regards,
Max
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create new python file

[kakararunachalservice]

Hi,
Can anyone please tell me how to dynamically create a new python file within a 
program???
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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 17:04, "Chris Angelico"  wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 1:44 AM, Rick Johnson
>  wrote:
> > But we are really ignoring the elephant in the room. Implict
> > conversion to Boolean is just a drop in the bucket compared
> > to the constant "shell game" we are subjected to when
> > reading source code. We so naively believe that a symbol
> > named "lst" is a list object or a symbol "age" is a integer,
> > when we could be totally wrong! This is the source of many
> > subtle bugs!!!
>
> You know, if you want a language with strict type declarations and
> extreme run-time efficiency, there are some around. I think one of
> them might even be used to make the most popular Python. Give it a
> try, you might like it! There's NO WAY that you could accidentally
> pass a list to a function that's expecting a float, NO WAY to
> unexpectedly call a method on the wrong type of object. It would suit
> you perfectly!
>

I agree. I have never had this kind of issues in a dynamic language. Except
when passing stuff to Django's fields. And in JavaScript. It seems like the
thing was made to create references to `undefined`. And make them easily
convertible to numbers and strings so that our calculations mysteriously
fail when we're missing a function argument somewhere.
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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Rick Johnson]

On Jun 4, 10:44 am, Rick Johnson  wrote:

> What we need is a method by which we can validate a symbol
> and simultaneously do the vaidation in a manner that will
> cast light on the type that is expected. In order for this
> to work, you would need validators with unique "type names"
>
>     if var.is_validList():
>     elif var.is_validString():
>     elif var.is_vaildTuple():
>     elif var.is_validInteger():
>     elif var.is_validFloat():
>     elif var.is_validDict():
>     etc...

Actually, instead of forcing all types to have many "specific"
methods, one builtin could solve the entire issue. The function would
be similar to isinstance() taking two arguments "object" and "type",
however, it will not only guarantee type but also handle the
conversion to Boolean:

   if is_valid(var, list):
   # if this block executes we know
   # the var is of  and
   # var.length is greater than one.
   else:
   # if this block executes we know
   # that var is not of 
   # or, var.length equals zero.

The is_valid function would replace implicit Boolean conversion for
all types in manner that is "explicit enough" whilst maintaining
finger longevity. This is how you design a language for consistency
and readability.

Again. PUCKER UP WHO-VILLE!
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Re: create new python file

[Fábio Santos]

On 4 Jun 2013 17:14,  wrote:
>
> Hi,
> Can anyone please tell me how to dynamically create a new python file
within a program???

That's generally a bad idea. Why are you doing that?

That said, it's just like writing to a text file. So if you write python in
a text file, you're good.
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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Rick Johnson]

On Jun 4, 11:00 am, Chris Angelico  wrote:
> You know, if you want a language with strict type declarations and
> extreme run-time efficiency, there are some around.

I don't like declaring types everywhere, i hate it. I prefer duck
typed languages, HOWEVER, in order for duck typing to work
consistently you must have checks and balances that the programmer can
apply when he feels necessary. My "is_valid" built in will bridge the
gap. We won't be forced to declare types, but we should ALWAYS add
"type checks" to our "truth tests" unless we want to create subtle
bugs. "is_valid" IS the answer!

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Re: Bools and explicitness [was Re: PyWart: The problem with "print"]

[Chris Angelico]

On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 2:19 AM, Rick Johnson
 wrote:
> On Jun 4, 11:00 am, Chris Angelico  wrote:
>> You know, if you want a language with strict type declarations and
>> extreme run-time efficiency, there are some around.
>
> I don't like declaring types everywhere, i hate it. I prefer duck
> typed languages, HOWEVER, in order for duck typing to work
> consistently you must have checks and balances that the programmer can
> apply when he feels necessary. My "is_valid" built in will bridge the
> gap. We won't be forced to declare types, but we should ALWAYS add
> "type checks" to our "truth tests" unless we want to create subtle
> bugs. "is_valid" IS the answer!

Option 1:

void C_function(int x)

Option 2:

def Python_function(x):
assert isinstance(x,int)

Is there a fundamental difference? You're basically proposing Option 2
while detesting Option 1.

ChrisA
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Re: Changing filenames from Greeklish => Greek (subprocess complain)

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

Τη Τρίτη, 4 Ιουνίου 2013 6:07:19 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Michael Torrie έγραψε:
> On 06/04/2013 08:18 AM, Νικόλαος Κούρας wrote:
> 
> > No, brackets are all there. Just tried:
> 
> > 
> 
> > # Compute a set of current fullpaths
> 
> > fullpaths = set()
> 
> > path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"
> 
> > 
> 
> > for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
> 
> > for fullpath in files:
> 
> > fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )
> 
> > print (fullpath )
> 
> > print (fullpath.encode('iso-8859-7').decode('latin-1') )
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> This is wrong.  You are converting unicode to iso-8859-7 bytes, then
> 
> trying to convert those bytes back to unicode by pretending they are
> 
> latin-1 bytes.  Even if this worked it will generate garbage.
> 
> 
> 
> > What are these 'surrogate' things?
> 
> 
> 
> It means that when you tried to decode greek bytes using latin-1, there
> 
> were some invalid unicode letters created (which is expected, since the
> 
> bytes are not latin-1, they are iso-8859-7!).
> 
> 
> 
> If you want the browser to use a particular encoding scheme (utf-8),
> 
> then you have to print out an HTTP header before you start printing your
> 
> other HTML data:
> 
> 
> 
> print("Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8\r\n")
> 
> print("\r\n)
> 
> 
> 
> print("html data goes here)

Thanks for the clear explanation about encode and decode, i never understood it 
more clear.

and yes of course i know that a header must be printed before any other actual 
print statement. Here is how i have it:

-
print( '''Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n''' )

# Compute a set of current fullpaths
fullpaths = set()
path = "/home/nikos/www/data/apps/"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
for fullpath in files:
fullpaths.add( os.path.join(root, fullpath) )


Your unicode explanation is clear but we do have to deal with file's contents 
but rather filenames themselves.

root@nikos [~]# ls -l /home/nikos/www/data/apps/
total 368548
drwxr-xr-x 2 nikos nikos 4096 Jun  4 14:49 ./
drwxr-xr-x 6 nikos nikos 4096 May 26 21:13 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos 13157283 Mar 17 12:57 100\ Mythoi\ tou\ Aiswpou.pdf*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos 29524686 Mar 11 18:17 Anekdotologio.exe*
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 42413964 Jun  2 20:29 Battleship.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos   236032 Jun  4 14:10 \323\352\335\370\357\365\ 
\335\355\341\355\ \341\361\351\350\354\374.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos 66896732 Mar 17 13:13 Kosmas\ o\ Aitwlos\ -\ 
Profiteies.pdf*
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 51819750 Jun  2 20:04 Luxor\ Evolved.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 60571648 Jun  2 14:59 Monopoly.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos  3511233 Jun  4 14:11 \305\365\367\336\ \364\357\365\ 
\311\347\363\357\375.mp3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos  1788164 Mar 14 11:31 Online\ Movie\ Player.zip*
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos  5277287 Jun  1 18:35 O\ Nomos\ tou\ Merfy\ v1-2-3.zip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos 16383001 Jun 22  2010 Orthodoxo\ Imerologio.exe*
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos  6084806 Jun  1 18:22 Pac-Man.exe
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos 25476584 Jun  2 19:50 Scrabble.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos 49141166 Mar 17 12:48 To\ 1o\ mou\ vivlio\ gia\ to\ 
skaki.pdf*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 nikos nikos  3298310 Mar 17 12:45 Vivlos\ gia\ Atheofovous.pdf*
-rw-r--r-- 1 nikos nikos  1764864 May 29 21:50 V-Radio\ v2.4.msi
root@nikos [~]#
-

As you see the subdirectory 'apps' contain both ebglish and greek lettered 
filenames.

Are those both unicode? Are the filenames of the actuals files also encoded as 
byte streams,much like the contents inside them?

if they are unicode then i really see no trouble when trying to:

cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', ( fullpath, )

but his is what i'm still getting:


-

root@nikos [~]# [Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]   File 
"files.py", line 72
[Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] data = 
cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be one
[Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59]^
[Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] SyntaxError: invalid 
syntax
[Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] Premature end of script 
headers: files.py
[Tue Jun 04 19:50:16 2013] [error] [client 46.12.95.59] File does not exist: 
/home/nikos/public_html/500.shtml
-

What is the problem in your opinion Michael since verythign is encoded in utf-8?

why the cur.execute fail?
cur.execute('''SELECT url FROM files WHERE url = %s''', ( 
fullpath, )
data = cur.fetchone()#URL is unique, so should only be 
one
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Νικόλαος Κούρας]

All these popel i host thei websiets are friend fo mine and their webpages all 
of them run witohut any problem.

Only my perosnal webpage, which utilizes python has these kind of issues, the 
other  pages re joomlas and dreamweavers.

Please as you see i have been trying anyhting i thought of and everything i 
googles and been told to.

But still this error insists.

I'm willing to let someone with full root access to my webhost to see thigns 
from the inside.

Does someone want to take o allok or at elast tell me what else i need to try, 
that hasn't been tried out yet?
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Re: Apache and suexec issue that wont let me run my python script

[Chris Angelico]

On Wed, Jun 5, 2013 at 3:02 AM, Νικόλαος Κούρας  wrote:
> I'm willing to let someone with full root access to my webhost to see thigns 
> from the inside.
>
> Does someone want to take o allok or at elast tell me what else i need to 
> try, that hasn't been tried out yet?

You need to read up on what happens when you enter Dummy Mode and give
someone full root access to your web host. You really REALLY need to
understand what that means before you offer random strangers that kind
of access to someone else's data.

I've half a mind to take you up on your offer, then go look for
personal and private info from your clients, and email it to them
(along with a link to this thread) to point out what's going on.

ChrisA
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