Re: non-blocking IO EAGAIN on write

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In message , Roy Smith wrote:

> Consider, for example, a write on a TCP connection.  You are sitting in
> a select(), when the other side closes the connection.  The select()
> should return, and the write should then immediately fail.

Remember that select can return 3 different sets of file objects. I’ve yet 
to see a use for the third one.
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Re: Are those features still the same?

[Lawrence D'Oliveiro]

In message , francogrex wrote:

> By the way Peter Norvig is not biased, he works for Google research and is
> a supporter of programming in any language, especially in Python.

Bias doesn’t have to be a conscious thing.
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Re: python terminology on classes

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Peng Yu a écrit :

Hi

I'm still kind of confused about the terminology on classes in python.

Could you please let me know what the equivalent terms for the
following C++ terms?


C++ and Python having very different semantics and object models, 
there's not necessarily a straight one to one mapping.




constructor


Python uses a smalltalk-like 2 phases instanciation / initialisation 
scheme. First the "proper" construction (__new__) is called with the 
class object as first argument, and it must return an unintialised 
instance of the class. Then the initialiser (__init__) is called on this 
instance.


Now one usually only implements the initialiser, as the default 
object.__new__ method does what you would expect, so you'll often see 
people qualifying __init__ as the constructor.



destructor


Python has no real destructor. You can implement a __del__ method that 
will _eventually_ be called before the instance gets garbage-collected, 
but you'd rather not rely on it. Also, implementing this method will 
prevent cycle detection.



member function


=> method.

Note that Python's "methods" are really thin wrappers around function 
objects that are attributes of the class object. You'll find more on 
this here:


http://wiki.python.org/moin/FromFunctionToMethod


member variable


=> Attribute


virtual member function


All Python's methods are virtual.


function


=> function !-)

Note that in Python, functions and classes are objects.


I think that C++ "function" is equivalent to python "function" and C++
"member function" is equivalent to python "method". But I couldn't
locate where the original definitions of the corresponding python
terms in the manual as these term appear many times. Could you please
point me where to look for the definition of these python
corresponding terms?


You just cannot directly translate C++ into Python, and while there are 
similarities trying to write C++ in Python will not get you very far.


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Re: hasattr + __getattr__: I think this is Python bug

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Ethan Furman a écrit :

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

Duncan Booth a écrit :

(snip)

Or you could create the default as a class attribute 


from the OP:
"""
I have a class (FuncDesigner oofun) that has no attribute "size", but
it is overloaded in __getattr__, so if someone invokes
"myObject.size", it is generated (as another oofun) and connected to
myObject as attribute.
"""

so this solution won't obviously work in this case !-)

Also and FWIW, I wouldn't advocate this solution if the "default" 
class attribute is of a mutable type.


Well, it is Monday, so I may be missing something obvious, but what is 
the effective difference between these two solutions?



Now it's Tuesday !-)


Ok, let's see:

Python 2.6.2 (release26-maint, Apr 19 2009, 01:56:41)
[GCC 4.3.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> class Foo(object):
... whatever = Foo()
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "", line 2, in Foo
NameError: name 'Foo' is not defined
>>>
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Re: hasattr + __getattr__: I think this is Python bug

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Bruno Desthuilliers a écrit :

Ethan Furman a écrit :

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

Duncan Booth a écrit :

(snip)

Or you could create the default as a class attribute 


from the OP:
"""
I have a class (FuncDesigner oofun) that has no attribute "size", but
it is overloaded in __getattr__, so if someone invokes
"myObject.size", it is generated (as another oofun) and connected to
myObject as attribute.
"""

so this solution won't obviously work in this case !-)

Also and FWIW, I wouldn't advocate this solution if the "default" 
class attribute is of a mutable type.


Well, it is Monday, so I may be missing something obvious, but what is 
the effective difference between these two solutions?




If you meant "what is the difference between creating the "whatever" 
attribute with a default value in the initializer and creating it on 
demand in the __getattr__ hook", the main difference is that in the 
first case, the instance is garanteed to have this attribute, so you get 
rid of "hasattr" checks (and the unwanted side effects) or, worse, 
direct check of the instance __dict__. Except for a couple of corner 
case, client code shouldn't have to worry about this kind of things - 
this breaks encapsulation.





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Re: Personal archive tool, looking for suggestions on improving the code

[Peter Otten]

mo reina wrote:

> i've written a tool in python where you enter a title, content, then
> tags, and the entry is then saved in a pickle file. it was mainly
> designed for copy-paste functionality (you spot a piece of code you
> like on the net, copy it, and paste it into the program), not really
> for handwritten content, though it does that with no problem.
> 
> i mainly did it because i'm always scanning through my pdf files,
> books, or the net for some coding example of solution that i'd already
> seen before, and it just seemed logical to have something where you
> could just put the content in, give it a title and tags, and just look
> it up whenever you needed to.
> 
> i realize there are sites online that handle this ex.
> http://snippets.dzone.com, but i'm not always online when i code. i also
> admit that i didn't really look to see if anyone had written a desktop
> app, the project seemed like a fun thing to do so here i am.
> 
> it wasn't designed with millions of entries in mind, so i just use a
> pickle file to serialize the data instead of one of the database APIs.
> the query is also very basic, only title and tags and no ranking based
> on the query.
> 
> there is an issue that i can't figure out, when you are at the list of
> entries there's a try, except clause where it tries to catch a valid
> index (integer). if you enter an inavlid integer, it will ask you to
> enter a valid one, but it doesn't seem to be able to assign it to the
> variable. if you enter a valid integer straightaway, there are no
> problems and the entry will display.
> 
> anyway let me know what you guys think. this is coded for python3.

> def choices(list_result):
> '''takes a list of objects and returns the index of the selected
> object'''
> os.system('clear')
> index = 0
> for entry in list_result:
> print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
> index += 1
> try:
> choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
> return choice
> except:
> pause = input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
> choices(list_result)

When the exception is triggered you call choices() recursively but discard 
the result. Therefore you get Python's default, None, which is not a valid 
index. Change the last line to

return choices(list_result)

for a minimal fix. However, I suggest that you use a while loop instead of 
the recursion:

def choices(list_result):
while True:
os.system('clear')
for index, entry in enumerate(list_result):
print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
try:
choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
if 0 <= choice < len(list_result):
return choice
except ValueError:
pass
input('\nplease enter a valid choice')

I've also added a test for the integer range and replaced the bare except 
with a more specific one. I recommend that you never use bare excepts 
because they can hide unexpected exceptions and lead to nasty bugs.

You should also remove the recursive call of main(). Its only effect is that 
when you enter an invalid choice twice you will have to enter "5" twice to 
really exit your script.

Peter


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Re: Checking that 2 pdf are identical (md5 a solution?)

[Peter Otten]

rlevesque wrote:

> On Jul 24, 1:34 pm, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
>> rlevesque wrote:
>> > Unfortunately there is an other pair of values that does not match and
>> > it is not obvious to me how to exclude it (as is done with the " /
>> > CreationDate" pair).
>> > and the pdf document is created using reportLab.
>>
>> I dug into the reportlab source and in
>>
>> reportlab/rl_config.py
>>
>> found the line
>>
>> invariant=  0   #produces
>> repeatable,identical PDFs with same timestamp info (for regression
>> testing)
>>
>> I suggest that you edit that file or add
>>
>> from reportlab import rl_config
>> rl_config.invariant = True
>>
>> to your code.
>>
>> Peter
> 
> WOW!! You are good!
> Your suggested solution works perfectly.
> 
> Given your expertise I will not be able to 'repay' you by helping on
> Python problems but if you ever need help with SPSS related problems I
> will be pleased to provide the assistance you need.
> (I am the author of "SPSS Programming and Data Management" published
> by SPSS Inc. (an IBM company))

Relax! Assistance on c.l.py is free as in beer ;) If you feel you have to 
give something back pick a question you can answer, doesn't matter who's 
asking. Given that I can't answer the majority of questions posted here 
chances are that I learn something from your response, too.

Peter
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Re: Sorting a list created from a parsed xml message

[kak...@gmail.com]

On Jul 22, 12:56 pm, Thomas Jollans  wrote:
> On 07/21/2010 03:38 PM, kak...@gmail.com wrote:
>
>
>
> > On Jul 21, 9:04 am, "kak...@gmail.com"  wrote:
> >> On Jul 21, 8:58 am, Stefan Behnel  wrote:
>
> >>> kak...@gmail.com, 21.07.2010 14:36:
>
>  From the subject of my message it's clear that i get an xml message
>  from a socket,
>
> >>> Not at all, but now that you say it...
>
>  i parse it and the result is a list like the one that
>  follows:
>  ID_Col
>  4    Server        ak              ip      OFFLINE
>
>  29      Server     and2    ip      OFFLINE
>
>  5    Proxy         l34e         ip OFFLINE
>
>  6            Proxy         barc            ip      ONLINE
>
>  41           Proxy         proxy-2         ip      ONLINE
>
>  53           Server        server-4        ip      ONLINE
>
>  52           Server        server-3        ip      ONLINE
>
> >>> Doesn't look like a Python list to me...
>
>  What i want is to print this list sorted by ID_Col?
>  Any Suggestions?
>
> >>> Assuming that the above is supposed to represent a list of tuples, you can
> >>> use the .sort() method on the list and pass operator.itemgetter(0) as 
> >>> 'key'
> >>> argument (see the sort() method and the operator module).
>
> >>> Stefan
>
> >> No it is not a Python list at all. This the way i print the parsed
> >> items 'like a list'.
> >> But i want them to be sorted.
>
> > Well i did this:
>
> > SortedServers = []
>
> > for session in sessions:
> >     for IP in session.getElementsByTagName("ipAddress"):
> >          for iphn in session.getElementsByTagName("hostName"):
> >               tempTuple = session.getAttribute("id"),
> > session.getAttribute("type"), iphn.childNodes[0].data,
> > IP.childNodes[0].data, session.getAttribute("status")
>
> Please try to persuade your mail client to not mess up python code, if
> you could. It would make this *so* much easier to read
>
>
>
> >               SortedServers.append(tempTuple)
>
> > Sorted = sorted(SortedServers, key=lambda id: SortedServers[0])
>
> Anyway, let's look at that key function of yours:
>
> key=lambda id: SortedServers[0]
>
> translated to traditional function syntax:
>
> def key(id):
>     return SortedServers[0]
>
> No matter which item sorted() examines, the key it sorts by is always
> the same (the first item of the WHOLE LIST).
> You want something more like this:
>
> def key(row):
>     return row[0]
>
> ergo, what you want, all in all, is either of these:
>
> Sorted = sorted(SortedServers, key=(lambda row: row[0])) # option 1
> SortedServers.sort(key=(lambda row: row[0]))             # option 2
>
> option 2, the in-place sort, might be faster.
>
> (and, as Stefan noted, as you probably want a numeric sort, you'll want
> your key to be an int)
>
> > for item in Sorted:
> >      print item
>
> > but the list is still unsorted and with u' in front of each item
>
> > (u'4', u'Server', u'aika74', u'ip', u'OFFLINE')
> > (u'29', u'Server', u'ando', u'ip2', u'OFFLINE')
>
> > How do i remove the u'
>
> > Antonis
>
>

Thank you so much for your detailed response!

Antonis K.
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parsing different xml messages

[kak...@gmail.com]

Hello,
I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:

http://test.com/pt";>

  



  

5a62ded

101

Angie

online



Some IP





  




http://test.com/pt";>

  



  Server server-1 is going down for redeploy!



  



Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?

Thanks

Antonis K.
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Re: How to capture all the environment variables from shell?

[Nobody]

On Mon, 26 Jul 2010 21:42:24 -0500, Tim Chase wrote:

>> Please! Never export anything from your .bashrc unless you
>> really know what you're doing. Almost all exports should be
>> done in your .bash_profile
> 
> Could you elaborate on your reasoning why (or why-not)?  I've 
> found that my .bash_profile doesn't get evaluated when I crank up 
> another terminal window, while my bashrc does.  Thus I tend to 
> put my exports in my ~/.bashrc so they actually take effect in my 
> shell...

Ideally, whichever program spawns the terminal window should have all of
the environment settings from your ~/.profile (although you may have
to explicitly source it from e.g. ~/.xsession), so it shouldn't be
necessary to export them again.

Using ~/.bashrc is a band-aid in case your desktop session doesn't already
have your environment settings. But it only works for shells (and only for
bash shells, and only for interactive bash shells), while your environment
settings should be available to everything, regardless of whether it was
spawned from an interactive bash shell or from some other program.

Also, if you update environment variables with e.g.:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

any nested shells end up getting multiple updates.

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Re: Personal archive tool, looking for suggestions on improving the code

[mo reina]

On 27 Lug, 10:23, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
> mo reina wrote:
> > i've written a tool in python where you enter a title, content, then
> > tags, and the entry is then saved in a pickle file. it was mainly
> > designed for copy-paste functionality (you spot a piece of code you
> > like on the net, copy it, and paste it into the program), not really
> > for handwritten content, though it does that with no problem.
>
> > i mainly did it because i'm always scanning through my pdf files,
> > books, or the net for some coding example of solution that i'd already
> > seen before, and it just seemed logical to have something where you
> > could just put the content in, give it a title and tags, and just look
> > it up whenever you needed to.
>
> > i realize there are sites online that handle this ex.
> >http://snippets.dzone.com, but i'm not always online when i code. i also
> > admit that i didn't really look to see if anyone had written a desktop
> > app, the project seemed like a fun thing to do so here i am.
>
> > it wasn't designed with millions of entries in mind, so i just use a
> > pickle file to serialize the data instead of one of the database APIs.
> > the query is also very basic, only title and tags and no ranking based
> > on the query.
>
> > there is an issue that i can't figure out, when you are at the list of
> > entries there's a try, except clause where it tries to catch a valid
> > index (integer). if you enter an inavlid integer, it will ask you to
> > enter a valid one, but it doesn't seem to be able to assign it to the
> > variable. if you enter a valid integer straightaway, there are no
> > problems and the entry will display.
>
> > anyway let me know what you guys think. this is coded for python3.
> > def choices(list_result):
> >     '''takes a list of objects and returns the index of the selected
> > object'''
> >     os.system('clear')
> >     index = 0
> >     for entry in list_result:
> >         print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
> >         index += 1
> >     try:
> >         choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
> >         return choice
> >     except:
> >         pause = input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
> >         choices(list_result)
>
> When the exception is triggered you call choices() recursively but discard
> the result. Therefore you get Python's default, None, which is not a valid
> index. Change the last line to
>
> return choices(list_result)
>
> for a minimal fix. However, I suggest that you use a while loop instead of
> the recursion:
>
> def choices(list_result):
>     while True:
>         os.system('clear')
>         for index, entry in enumerate(list_result):
>             print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
>         try:
>             choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
>             if 0 <= choice < len(list_result):
>                 return choice
>         except ValueError:
>             pass
>         input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
>
> I've also added a test for the integer range and replaced the bare except
> with a more specific one. I recommend that you never use bare excepts
> because they can hide unexpected exceptions and lead to nasty bugs.
>
> You should also remove the recursive call of main(). Its only effect is that
> when you enter an invalid choice twice you will have to enter "5" twice to
> really exit your script.
>
> Peter

hi peter, i noticed the issue you mentioned but don't understand why
they happen.

for example, when the function is called in the case of an exception,
the variable choice is re-assigned to whatever the next input is, so
why is the default None assigned instead?  and what' s the difference
between just calling the function again (the variable list_result
remains unchanged) and using a return statement?

i also don' t understand what happens when main is called recursively,
the variable choice should be re-assigned to whatever the next input
is, and yet it seems that in the first call, after an invalid choice,
it doesn't assign the input to the variable.

thanks for taking the time to post and review the code by the way, i
really appreciate it
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Re: parsing different xml messages

[Stefan Behnel]

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:

I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:


From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?



Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?


Use an application level protocol?

Stefan

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Re: Accumulate function in python

[geremy condra]

On Wed, Jul 21, 2010 at 8:17 AM, John Nagle  wrote:
> On 7/19/2010 9:56 AM, dhruvbird wrote:
>>
>> On Jul 19, 9:12 pm, Brian Victor  wrote:
>>>
>>> dhruvbird wrote:
>
>>> Having offered this, I don't recall ever seeing reduce used in real
>>> python code, and explicit iteration is almost always preferred.
>>
>> Yes, even I have noticed that reduce is a tad under-used function.
>
>    Yes, I had a use case for it once, but it wasn't worth the trouble.
> "map" is often useful, but "reduce", not so much.
>
>    Python isn't really a functional language.  There's no bias toward
> functional solutions, lambdas aren't very general, and the performance
> isn't any better.  Nor is any concurrency provided by "map" or "reduce".
> So there's no win in trying to develop cute one-liners.

Too bad about the lack of concurrency, would be many places where that
would be nice.

Geremy Condra
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newb

[whitey]

hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any 
newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. i have bought a 
book for $2 called "learn to program using python" by alan gauld. 
starting to read it but it was written in 2001. presuming that the 
commands and info would still be valid? any websites or books that are a 
must for beginners? any input would be much appreciated...cheers
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Re: Accumulate function in python

[Stefan Behnel]

geremy condra, 27.07.2010 12:54:

On Wed, Jul 21, 2010 at 8:17 AM, John Nagle wrote:

On 7/19/2010 9:56 AM, dhruvbird wrote:


On Jul 19, 9:12 pm, Brian Victor  wrote:


dhruvbird wrote:



Having offered this, I don't recall ever seeing reduce used in real
python code, and explicit iteration is almost always preferred.


Yes, even I have noticed that reduce is a tad under-used function.


Yes, I had a use case for it once, but it wasn't worth the trouble.
"map" is often useful, but "reduce", not so much.

Python isn't really a functional language.  There's no bias toward
functional solutions, lambdas aren't very general, and the performance
isn't any better.  Nor is any concurrency provided by "map" or "reduce".
So there's no win in trying to develop cute one-liners.


Too bad about the lack of concurrency, would be many places where that
would be nice.


Besides the many places where the current properties match just fine, there 
are some places where concurrency would be helpful. So I wouldn't call it 
"lack" of concurrency, as that seems to imply that it's a missing feature 
in what both builtins are targeted to provide. Just use one of the 
map-reduce frameworks that are out there if you need concurrency in one way 
or another. Special needs are not what builtins are there for.


Stefan

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Re: newb

[John Machin]

On Jul 27, 9:07 pm, whitey  wrote:
> hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any
> newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. i have bought a
> book for $2 called "learn to program using python" by alan gauld.
> starting to read it but it was written in 2001. presuming that the
> commands and info would still be valid? any websites or books that are a
> must for beginners? any input would be much appreciated...cheers

2001 is rather old. Most of what you'll want is on the web. See
http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
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Re: python styles: why Use spaces around arithmetic operators?

[Roy Smith]

In article ,
 Stephen Hansen  wrote:

> PEP8 is a style guide. Parts of style guides are rational judgements and
> decisions based on experience and can certainly be "explained" or
> justified, but parts are just... personal taste. Style is part rational
> thought and part intuition, and in the latter -- people will disagree
> quite a bit. There's no right or wrong there. There isn't always a
> rationale.

I strongly suggest that ALL Python projects adopt PEP-8.  Here's why.

Style, at one level, doesn't really matter.  Yet, it's something people 
get worked up over.  If you add up all the time people have wasted 
arguing about stupid shit like indenting and where the braces go (in 
languages that have them) and how to spell variable names, we could have 
sent a man to Mars and had time left over to solve P = NP.

I don't agree with PEP-8 100%, but it's perfectly reasonable.  Avoiding 
all that time wasting arguing about trivia like variableName vs 
VariableName vs variable_name more than pays me back for any minor 
arguments I might have with the style.

If everybody in the entire world uses the same style, then as people and 
code move around from project to project, everybody benefits by fitting 
in better.

As the old-time press pythonistas would say, "PEP-8 and be there".
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Re: Checking that 2 pdf are identical (md5 a solution?)

[Robin Becker]

..

repeatable,identical PDFs with same timestamp info (for regression testing)

I suggest that you edit that file or add

from reportlab import rl_config
rl_config.invariant = True

to your code.

Peter


WOW!! You are good!
Your suggested solution works perfectly.

Given your expertise I will not be able to 'repay' you by helping on
Python problems but if you ever need help with SPSS related problems I
will be pleased to provide the assistance you need.
(I am the author of "SPSS Programming and Data Management" published
by SPSS Inc. (an IBM company))

Regards,

..
if you have any more reportlab related queries you can also get free advice on 
the reportlab mailing list at


http://two.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/reportlab-users
--
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Re: parsing different xml messages

[kak...@gmail.com]

On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel  wrote:
> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:
>
> > I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:
>
>  From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?
>
> > Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
> > time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?
>
> Use an application level protocol?
>
> Stefan

>From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
Application level protocol... Such as?
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Re: Personal archive tool, looking for suggestions on improving the code

[Peter Otten]

mo reina wrote:

> On 27 Lug, 10:23, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
>> mo reina wrote:
>> > i've written a tool in python where you enter a title, content, then
>> > tags, and the entry is then saved in a pickle file. it was mainly
>> > designed for copy-paste functionality (you spot a piece of code you
>> > like on the net, copy it, and paste it into the program), not really
>> > for handwritten content, though it does that with no problem.
>>
>> > i mainly did it because i'm always scanning through my pdf files,
>> > books, or the net for some coding example of solution that i'd already
>> > seen before, and it just seemed logical to have something where you
>> > could just put the content in, give it a title and tags, and just look
>> > it up whenever you needed to.
>>
>> > i realize there are sites online that handle this ex.
>> >http://snippets.dzone.com, but i'm not always online when i code. i also
>> > admit that i didn't really look to see if anyone had written a desktop
>> > app, the project seemed like a fun thing to do so here i am.
>>
>> > it wasn't designed with millions of entries in mind, so i just use a
>> > pickle file to serialize the data instead of one of the database APIs.
>> > the query is also very basic, only title and tags and no ranking based
>> > on the query.
>>
>> > there is an issue that i can't figure out, when you are at the list of
>> > entries there's a try, except clause where it tries to catch a valid
>> > index (integer). if you enter an inavlid integer, it will ask you to
>> > enter a valid one, but it doesn't seem to be able to assign it to the
>> > variable. if you enter a valid integer straightaway, there are no
>> > problems and the entry will display.
>>
>> > anyway let me know what you guys think. this is coded for python3.
>> > def choices(list_result):
>> > '''takes a list of objects and returns the index of the selected
>> > object'''
>> > os.system('clear')
>> > index = 0
>> > for entry in list_result:
>> > print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
>> > index += 1
>> > try:
>> > choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
>> > return choice
>> > except:
>> > pause = input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
>> > choices(list_result)
>>
>> When the exception is triggered you call choices() recursively but
>> discard the result. Therefore you get Python's default, None, which is
>> not a valid index. Change the last line to
>>
>> return choices(list_result)
>>
>> for a minimal fix. However, I suggest that you use a while loop instead
>> of the recursion:
>>
>> def choices(list_result):
>> while True:
>> os.system('clear')
>> for index, entry in enumerate(list_result):
>> print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
>> try:
>> choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
>> if 0 <= choice < len(list_result):
>> return choice
>> except ValueError:
>> pass
>> input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
>>
>> I've also added a test for the integer range and replaced the bare except
>> with a more specific one. I recommend that you never use bare excepts
>> because they can hide unexpected exceptions and lead to nasty bugs.
>>
>> You should also remove the recursive call of main(). Its only effect is
>> that when you enter an invalid choice twice you will have to enter "5"
>> twice to really exit your script.
>>
>> Peter
> 
> hi peter, i noticed the issue you mentioned but don't understand why
> they happen.
> 
> for example, when the function is called in the case of an exception,
> the variable choice is re-assigned to whatever the next input is, so
> why is the default None assigned instead?  and what' s the difference
> between just calling the function again (the variable list_result
> remains unchanged) and using a return statement?

If you have a function

def f():
return 42

and just call it from another function

def g():
f()

the result of f() is evaluated but immediately discarded. If you want to use 
it inside g() you have to assign it to a variable

def g():
x = f()
y = x * x
print y

and if you want to use it outside g() you can return it. 

def g():
   return f()

For recursion the same rules apply, only with the same function as f and g.
Here's a simple example for you to work out the program flow:

>>> def r1(n):
... print "entering level", n
... if n == 5:
... print "limit reached"
... print "exiting level", n
... print "returning 42"
... return 42
... else:
... print "recursing"
... r1(n+1)
... print "exiting level", n
... print "(implicitly) returning None"
...
>>> r1(0)
entering level 0
recursing
entering level 1
recursing
entering level 2
recursing
entering level 3
recursing
entering level 4
recursing
entering level 5
limit reached
exiting level 5
returning 42
exiting level 4
(implicitly) returning None
exiting level 3
(implicitly) returning None
exiting level 2
(implicitly) returning None
exiting level 1
(implicitly) returning None
exiting lev

Re: parsing different xml messages

[Stefan Behnel]

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:

On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:


I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:


  From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?


Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?


Use an application level protocol?

Stefan



From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
Application level protocol... Such as?


Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?

Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.

Stefan

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Re: parsing different xml messages

[kak...@gmail.com]

On Jul 27, 8:14 am, Stefan Behnel  wrote:
> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:
>
>
>
> > On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
> >> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:
>
> >>> I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:
>
> >>   From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?
>
> >>> Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
> >>> time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?
>
> >> Use an application level protocol?
>
> >> Stefan
>
> >> From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
> >> Application level protocol... Such as?
>
> Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?
>
> Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.
>
> Stefan

Well yes you are right!
I can't control the sending side.
The app i'm writing just accepts incoming xml messages. Like the ones
above.
When i receive a message I parse it and print the information.
I know how to parse both xml messages.
What i want is to distinguish them so that i can trigger the
appropriate parsing method.


A.K.

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Re: parsing different xml messages

[Stefan Behnel]

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:26:

On Jul 27, 8:14 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:


On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:



I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:



   From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?



Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?



Use an application level protocol?



 From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
Application level protocol... Such as?


Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?

Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.


Well yes you are right!
I can't control the sending side.
The app i'm writing just accepts incoming xml messages. Like the ones
above.
When i receive a message I parse it and print the information.
I know how to parse both xml messages.
What i want is to distinguish them so that i can trigger the
appropriate parsing method.


Do they come in concatenated or one per connection?

Stefan

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Re: parsing different xml messages

[kak...@gmail.com]

On Jul 27, 8:41 am, Stefan Behnel  wrote:
> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:26:
>
>
>
> > On Jul 27, 8:14 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
> >> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:
>
> >>> On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
>  kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:
>
> > I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:
>
>     From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?
>
> > Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
> > time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?
>
>  Use an application level protocol?
>
>   From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
>  Application level protocol... Such as?
>
> >> Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?
>
> >> Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.
>
> > Well yes you are right!
> > I can't control the sending side.
> > The app i'm writing just accepts incoming xml messages. Like the ones
> > above.
> > When i receive a message I parse it and print the information.
> > I know how to parse both xml messages.
> > What i want is to distinguish them so that i can trigger the
> > appropriate parsing method.
>
> Do they come in concatenated or one per connection?
>
> Stefan

one per connection.
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Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Daniel Fetchinson]

Hi folks,

If I'm only interested in linux and windows I know I can do


import os
import platform

if platform.system( ) == 'Linux':
clear = 'clear'
else:
clear = 'cls'

os.system( clear )


or something equivalent using os.name and friends, but was wondering
why there is no platform independent way (i.e. the platform dependence
is taken care of by the python stdlib) of clearing a terminal. Sure,
there are many different terminals and many different operating
systems but in many areas python managed to hide all these
complexities behind a well defined API.

Why was clearing a terminal left out?

Cheers,
Daniel


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Re: parsing different xml messages

[Stefan Behnel]

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:43:

On Jul 27, 8:41 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:26:


On Jul 27, 8:14 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:



On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:

kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:



I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:



From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?



Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?



Use an application level protocol?



  From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
Application level protocol... Such as?



Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?



Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.



Well yes you are right!
I can't control the sending side.
The app i'm writing just accepts incoming xml messages. Like the ones
above.
When i receive a message I parse it and print the information.
I know how to parse both xml messages.
What i want is to distinguish them so that i can trigger the
appropriate parsing method.


Do they come in concatenated or one per connection?

Stefan


one per connection.


Ah, ok, then just parse the message using (c)ElementTree and look at the 
name of the first child below the root node (assuming that both messages 
were supposed to have the same root node, as you may have wanted to 
indicate in your original posting). A dict dispatch to a function or method 
will do just fine.


Stefan

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Re: parsing different xml messages

[kak...@gmail.com]

On Jul 27, 9:06 am, Stefan Behnel  wrote:
> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:43:
>
>
>
> > On Jul 27, 8:41 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
> >> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 14:26:
>
> >>> On Jul 27, 8:14 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
>  kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 13:58:
>
> > On Jul 27, 6:30 am, Stefan Behnel wrote:
> >> kak...@gmail.com, 27.07.2010 12:17:
>
> >>> I receive the following different Xml Messages from a socket:
>
> >>     From a bare socket? TCP? UDP? Or what else?
>
> >>> Which is the best way to make a distinction between them so that every
> >>> time my app receives the one or the other, parse them correctly?
>
> >> Use an application level protocol?
>
> >>   From a tcp socket using the twisted framework.
> >> Application level protocol... Such as?
>
>  Depends on what you *can* use. Do you control the sending side?
>
>  Note: giving better details helps others in giving better answers.
>
> >>> Well yes you are right!
> >>> I can't control the sending side.
> >>> The app i'm writing just accepts incoming xml messages. Like the ones
> >>> above.
> >>> When i receive a message I parse it and print the information.
> >>> I know how to parse both xml messages.
> >>> What i want is to distinguish them so that i can trigger the
> >>> appropriate parsing method.
>
> >> Do they come in concatenated or one per connection?
>
> >> Stefan
>
> > one per connection.
>
> Ah, ok, then just parse the message using (c)ElementTree and look at the
> name of the first child below the root node (assuming that both messages
> were supposed to have the same root node, as you may have wanted to
> indicate in your original posting). A dict dispatch to a function or method
> will do just fine.
>
> Stefan

ok that's great, thanks Stefan
i'll try it.

Antonis
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Re: newb

[Dave Angel]

whitey wrote:
hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any 
newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. i have bought a 
book for $2 called "learn to program using python" by alan gauld. 
starting to read it but it was written in 2001. presuming that the 
commands and info would still be valid? any websites or books that are a 
must for beginners? any input would be much appreciated...cheers


  

Welcome to the forum,

Newsgroup:

Send Tutor mailing list submissions to
tu...@python.org

To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
tutor-requ...@python.org



For an updated Alan Gauld tutorial:
the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/

The python.org website is a wealth of information, and also contains 
links to many other python-oriented sites.


Before installing python, consider whether you want version 2.x or 3.x.  
The language changed a bit at 3.x, and while you're learning, you want a 
tutorial that matches the version you're running.


Easiest way to recognize a particular script as being one or the other 
is if it has a print statement.  print is a statement in version 1.x and 
2.x, and is a function in version 3.  Any recent tutorial will tell you 
which it's targeting, but since version 3 is only a year or so old, 
older tutorials or sample code  might well not mention it.


DaveA

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Re: Accumulate function in python

[sturlamolden]

On 19 Jul, 13:18, dhruvbird  wrote:
> Hello,
>   I have a list of integers: x = [ 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3 ]
>   And would like to compute the cumulative sum of all the integers
> from index zero into another array. So for the array above, I should
> get: [ 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 10 ]
>   What is the best way (or pythonic way) to get this.

At least for large arrays, this is the kind of task where NumPy will
help.

>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.cumsum([ 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3 ])
array([ 0,  1,  3,  4,  5,  5,  5,  7, 10])


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string manipulation.

[gerardob]

I am trying to read an xml using minidom from python library xml.dom

This is the xml file:
-



AB
100

2




--
This is the python code:

from xml.dom import minidom
doc= minidom.parse("example.xml")
resources_section = doc.getElementsByTagName('resources')
list_resources = resources_section[0].getElementsByTagName('resource')

for r in list_resources:
name = r.childNodes[0].nodeValue
print name
print len(name)
-
The problem is that the nodeValue stored in the variable 'name' is not "AB"
(what i want) but instead it is a string that has length of 8 and it seems
it include the tabs and/or other things.
How can i get the string "AB" without the other stuff?
Thanks.



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Urrlib2 IncompleteRead error

[dirknbr]

I am running urllib2.request and get this response when I do the read.
Any ideas what causes this?

return response.read()
  File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 329, in read
data = self._sock.recv(rbufsize)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 518, in read
return self._read_chunked(amt)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 561, in _read_chunked
raise IncompleteRead(''.join(value))
IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(3235 bytes read)

Dirk
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Daniel Fetchinson a écrit :

Hi folks,

If I'm only interested in linux and windows I know I can do


import os
import platform

if platform.system( ) == 'Linux':
clear = 'clear'
else:
clear = 'cls'

os.system( clear )


or something equivalent using os.name and friends, but was wondering
why there is no platform independent way (i.e. the platform dependence
is taken care of by the python stdlib) of clearing a terminal. Sure,
there are many different terminals and many different operating
systems but in many areas python managed to hide all these
complexities behind a well defined API.

Why was clearing a terminal left out?



What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a 
physical device). And the shell is not necessarily part of the OS itself 
(there's no shortage of shells for unices / linux systems), so it 
doesn't belong to the os or platform modules.


FWIW, I can't tell for sure since I never used any other shell than 
bash, but I'm not sure your above code is garanteed to work on each and 
any possible unix shell.

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Check in interpreter if running a debug version of python

[John Reid]

Can I check in the interpreter if I am running a debug version of 
python? I don't mean if __debug__ is set, I want to know if python was 
compiled in debug mode.


Thanks,
John.

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Re: string manipulation.

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2010-07-27, gerardob  wrote:
>
> I am trying to read an xml using minidom from python library xml.dom
>
> This is the xml file:
> -
>
>   
>   
>   AB
>   100
>   
>   2
>   
>   
>   
>
> --
> This is the python code:
> 
> from xml.dom import minidom
> doc= minidom.parse("example.xml")
> resources_section = doc.getElementsByTagName('resources')
> list_resources = resources_section[0].getElementsByTagName('resource')
>
> for r in list_resources:
>   name = r.childNodes[0].nodeValue
> print name
>   print len(name)
> -
> The problem is that the nodeValue stored in the variable 'name' is not "AB"
> (what i want) but instead it is a string that has length of 8 and it seems
> it include the tabs and/or other things.
> How can i get the string "AB" without the other stuff?

Check out the strip member function.

  name = r.childNodes[0].nodeValue.strip()

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Re: Check in interpreter if running a debug version of python

[Christian Heimes]

> Can I check in the interpreter if I am running a debug version of 
> python? I don't mean if __debug__ is set, I want to know if python was 
> compiled in debug mode.

Python has multiple flavors of debug builds. hasattr(sys,
"gettotalrefcount") is only available if Py_REF_DEBUG is enabled. This
should be sufficient to detect the most used debug variant.

Christian


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Re: string manipulation.

[Mark Tolonen]

"gerardob"  wrote in message 
news:29276755.p...@talk.nabble.com...


I am trying to read an xml using minidom from python library xml.dom

This is the xml file:
-



AB
100

2




--
This is the python code:

from xml.dom import minidom
doc= minidom.parse("example.xml")
resources_section = doc.getElementsByTagName('resources')
list_resources = resources_section[0].getElementsByTagName('resource')

for r in list_resources:
name = r.childNodes[0].nodeValue
   print name
print len(name)
-
The problem is that the nodeValue stored in the variable 'name' is not 
"AB"

(what i want) but instead it is a string that has length of 8 and it seems
it include the tabs and/or other things.
How can i get the string "AB" without the other stuff?
Thanks.


Whitespace in XML is significant.  If the file was:

   
   
   AB100
   2
   
   
   

You would just read 'AB'.  If you don't control the XML file, then:

   print name.strip()

will remove leading and trailing whitespace.

-Mark


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Best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+?

[python]

What is the best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+

It looks like there are at least 3 different ways to open files:
- built-in open()
- io.open()
- codecs.open()
It seems like io.open() combines the best of the built-in open()
and the codecs open(). Am I missing any obvious drawbacks to
using io.open() except for backwards compatibility?

Thank you,
Malcolm
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2010-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers  
wrote:
> Daniel Fetchinson a ?crit :
>> Hi folks,
>> 
>> If I'm only interested in linux and windows I know I can do
>> 
>> 
>> import os
>> import platform
>> 
>> if platform.system( ) == 'Linux':
>> clear = 'clear'
>> else:
>> clear = 'cls'
>> 
>> os.system( clear )
>> 
>> 
>> or something equivalent using os.name and friends, but was wondering
>> why there is no platform independent way (i.e. the platform dependence
>> is taken care of by the python stdlib) of clearing a terminal. Sure,
>> there are many different terminals and many different operating
>> systems but in many areas python managed to hide all these
>> complexities behind a well defined API.
>> 
>> Why was clearing a terminal left out?
>> 
>
> What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a 
> physical device).

No, what he's talking about is clearing a terminal (or a terminal
emulator).  They both work the same, the only difference is whether
the terminal software is running on dedicated hardware or on
general-purpose hardware.

> And the shell is not necessarily part of the OS itself 
> (there's no shortage of shells for unices / linux systems), so it 
> doesn't belong to the os or platform modules.

True, but clearing a terminal or terminal emulator has nothing to do
with the shell.  It's done using an in-band control/escape sequence
that's indepedent of the shell being used. His example accomplishes
this using an executable named 'clear' which knows how to use
terminfo/termcap (I forget which one) to send the proper escape
sequence to the terminal.

> FWIW, I can't tell for sure since I never used any other shell than 
> bash, but I'm not sure your above code is garanteed to work on each
> and any possible unix shell.

Again, the shell is irrelevent.

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Windows: How to detect whether a Python app/script is running in console/GUI mode?

[python]

Windows: How can I detect whether a Python app/script is running
in console/GUI mode? By app I mean a script compiled to an exe
via py2exe or similar.

Thank you,
Malcolm
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Re: Check in interpreter if running a debug version of python

[Brian Curtin]

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:06, John Reid wrote:

> Can I check in the interpreter if I am running a debug version of python? I
> don't mean if __debug__ is set, I want to know if python was compiled in
> debug mode.
>
> Thanks,
> John.


Starting with Python 2.7 and 3.2 you can do this:

>>> sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_DEBUG")
1

(returns None if the var doesn't exist)
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Grant Edwards a écrit :

On 2010-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers  
wrote:

Daniel Fetchinson a ?crit :

(snip)

Why was clearing a terminal left out?

What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a 
physical device).


No, what he's talking about is clearing a terminal (or a terminal
emulator).  They both work the same, the only difference is whether
the terminal software is running on dedicated hardware or on
general-purpose hardware.


(snip)

I stand corrected.
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Phil Thompson]

On Tue, 27 Jul 2010 16:02:23 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers
 wrote:
> Daniel Fetchinson a écrit :
>> Hi folks,
>> 
>> If I'm only interested in linux and windows I know I can do
>> 
>> 
>> import os
>> import platform
>> 
>> if platform.system( ) == 'Linux':
>> clear = 'clear'
>> else:
>> clear = 'cls'
>> 
>> os.system( clear )
>> 
>> 
>> or something equivalent using os.name and friends, but was wondering
>> why there is no platform independent way (i.e. the platform dependence
>> is taken care of by the python stdlib) of clearing a terminal. Sure,
>> there are many different terminals and many different operating
>> systems but in many areas python managed to hide all these
>> complexities behind a well defined API.
>> 
>> Why was clearing a terminal left out?
>> 
> 
> What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a 
> physical device). And the shell is not necessarily part of the OS itself

> (there's no shortage of shells for unices / linux systems), so it 
> doesn't belong to the os or platform modules.
> 
> FWIW, I can't tell for sure since I never used any other shell than 
> bash, but I'm not sure your above code is garanteed to work on each and 
> any possible unix shell.

Sorry, but that is completely wrong - the shell is irrelevant.

"clear" is just a normal command line program that queries the
termcap/terminfo database (possibly via the curses library) for the
terminal specific sequence of characters that will clear the screen. It
then writes those characters to stdout. The terminal, or (more usually
these days) terminal emulator, then interprets those characters and takes
the appropriate action.

I'm not sure what the POSIX status of the clear command is, but I'd be
surprised if it wasn't present on a UNIX/Linux system of any vintage.

Phil

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Re: Personal archive tool, looking for suggestions on improving the code

[mo reina]

On Jul 27, 2:06 pm, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
> mo reina wrote:
> > On 27 Lug, 10:23, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
> >> mo reina wrote:
> >> > i've written a tool in python where you enter a title, content, then
> >> > tags, and the entry is then saved in a pickle file. it was mainly
> >> > designed for copy-paste functionality (you spot a piece of code you
> >> > like on the net, copy it, and paste it into the program), not really
> >> > for handwritten content, though it does that with no problem.
>
> >> > i mainly did it because i'm always scanning through my pdf files,
> >> > books, or the net for some coding example of solution that i'd already
> >> > seen before, and it just seemed logical to have something where you
> >> > could just put the content in, give it a title and tags, and just look
> >> > it up whenever you needed to.
>
> >> > i realize there are sites online that handle this ex.
> >> >http://snippets.dzone.com, but i'm not always online when i code. i also
> >> > admit that i didn't really look to see if anyone had written a desktop
> >> > app, the project seemed like a fun thing to do so here i am.
>
> >> > it wasn't designed with millions of entries in mind, so i just use a
> >> > pickle file to serialize the data instead of one of the database APIs.
> >> > the query is also very basic, only title and tags and no ranking based
> >> > on the query.
>
> >> > there is an issue that i can't figure out, when you are at the list of
> >> > entries there's a try, except clause where it tries to catch a valid
> >> > index (integer). if you enter an inavlid integer, it will ask you to
> >> > enter a valid one, but it doesn't seem to be able to assign it to the
> >> > variable. if you enter a valid integer straightaway, there are no
> >> > problems and the entry will display.
>
> >> > anyway let me know what you guys think. this is coded for python3.
> >> > def choices(list_result):
> >> > '''takes a list of objects and returns the index of the selected
> >> > object'''
> >> > os.system('clear')
> >> > index = 0
> >> > for entry in list_result:
> >> > print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
> >> > index += 1
> >> > try:
> >> > choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
> >> > return choice
> >> > except:
> >> > pause = input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
> >> > choices(list_result)
>
> >> When the exception is triggered you call choices() recursively but
> >> discard the result. Therefore you get Python's default, None, which is
> >> not a valid index. Change the last line to
>
> >> return choices(list_result)
>
> >> for a minimal fix. However, I suggest that you use a while loop instead
> >> of the recursion:
>
> >> def choices(list_result):
> >> while True:
> >> os.system('clear')
> >> for index, entry in enumerate(list_result):
> >> print('{}. {}'.format(index, entry.title))
> >> try:
> >> choice = int(input('\nEnter choice: '))
> >> if 0 <= choice < len(list_result):
> >> return choice
> >> except ValueError:
> >> pass
> >> input('\nplease enter a valid choice')
>
> >> I've also added a test for the integer range and replaced the bare except
> >> with a more specific one. I recommend that you never use bare excepts
> >> because they can hide unexpected exceptions and lead to nasty bugs.
>
> >> You should also remove the recursive call of main(). Its only effect is
> >> that when you enter an invalid choice twice you will have to enter "5"
> >> twice to really exit your script.
>
> >> Peter
>
> > hi peter, i noticed the issue you mentioned but don't understand why
> > they happen.
>
> > for example, when the function is called in the case of an exception,
> > the variable choice is re-assigned to whatever the next input is, so
> > why is the default None assigned instead?  and what' s the difference
> > between just calling the function again (the variable list_result
> > remains unchanged) and using a return statement?
>
> If you have a function
>
> def f():
>     return 42
>
> and just call it from another function
>
> def g():
>     f()
>
> the result of f() is evaluated but immediately discarded. If you want to use
> it inside g() you have to assign it to a variable
>
> def g():
>     x = f()
>     y = x * x
>     print y
>
> and if you want to use it outside g() you can return it.
>
> def g():
>    return f()
>
> For recursion the same rules apply, only with the same function as f and g.
> Here's a simple example for you to work out the program flow:
>
> >>> def r1(n):
>
> ...     print "entering level", n
> ...     if n == 5:
> ...             print "limit reached"
> ...             print "exiting level", n
> ...             print "returning 42"
> ...             return 42
> ...     else:
> ...             print "recursing"
> ...             r1(n+1)
> ...     print "exiting level", n
> ...     print "(implicitly) returning None"
> ...>>> r1(0)
>
> entering level 0
> recursing
> entering level 1
> recursing
> entering level 2
> recursing
> entering level 3
> recurs

Re: Best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+?

[Brian Curtin]

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:33,  wrote:

> What is the best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+
>
> It looks like there are at least 3 different ways to open files:
> - built-in open()
> - io.open()
> - codecs.open()
>
> It seems like io.open() combines the best of the built-in open() and the
> codecs open(). Am I missing any obvious drawbacks to using io.open() except
> for backwards compatibility?
>
> Thank you,
> Malcolm
>

As an FYI, the builtin open() uses io.open() on at least 3.1 (maybe also
3.0, don't know). I don't know your use cases or what you get or don't get
from any of those options, but the future is io.open.

>>> io.open is open
True
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Re: Best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+?

[Antoine Pitrou]

On Tue, 27 Jul 2010 10:33:06 -0400
pyt...@bdurham.com wrote:
> What is the best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+
> 
> It looks like there are at least 3 different ways to open files:
> - built-in open()
> - io.open()
> - codecs.open()
> It seems like io.open() combines the best of the built-in open()
> and the codecs open(). Am I missing any obvious drawbacks to
> using io.open() except for backwards compatibility?

io.open() is quite slow in 2.6, although the performance issues are
fixed in 2.7 (and in 3.1).

io.open() is much stricter in what types it accepts and emits. Files
opened in text mode, for example, will return unicode strings when
reading and will only accept unicode strings for write().
(similarly, files opened in binary mode will only accept bytestrings
for write())

Regards

Antoine.


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Re: Windows: How to detect whether a Python app/script is running in console/GUI mode?

[Brian Curtin]

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:36,  wrote:

> Windows: How can I detect whether a Python app/script is running in
> console/GUI mode? By app I mean a script compiled to an exe via py2exe or
> similar.
>
> Thank you,
> Malcolm
>

I don't remember much about py2exe, but you could check if
``os.path.split(sys.executable)[1]`` equals pythonw.exe (typical for GUIs)
or just python.exe (regular console).
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Re: Best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+?

[python]

Brian,

> As an FYI, the builtin open() uses io.open() on at least 3.1
(maybe also 3.0, don't know). I don't know your use cases or >
what you get or don't get from any of those options, but the
future is io.open.
>
> >>> io.open is open
> True

Under Python 2.6.4 (Windows), "io.open is open" returns False.
Retrieving help() on io.open and open() reinforces that these are
2 different implementations of open.

My use case is reading and writing UTF-8 text files with
universal newline support. I believe that the following io.open()
parameter list is what I should be using:

# mode set to 'rt' (read) or 'wt' (write)
io.open( file, mode, encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore',
newline=None )

Malcolm
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Re: Best practice way to open files in Python 2.6+?

[Brian Curtin]

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:59,  wrote:

> Brian,
>
>  Under Python 2.6.4 (Windows), "io.open is open" returns False. Retrieving
> help() on io.open and open() reinforces that these are 2 different
> implementations of open.
>
> My use case is reading and writing UTF-8 text files with universal newline
> support. I believe that the following io.open() parameter list is what I
> should be using:
>
> # mode set to 'rt' (read) or 'wt' (write)
> io.open( file, mode, encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore', newline=None )
>
> Malcolm
>

Precisely. I was just showing that in 3.x they are the same because one uses
the other, and that reason might be enough for you to consider io.open.

Your usage of io.open looks fine to me. If it works for you, keep doing it.
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Re: Check in interpreter if running a debug version of python

[Christian Heimes]

> Starting with Python 2.7 and 3.2 you can do this:
> 
 sysconfig.get_config_var("Py_DEBUG")
> 1
> 
> (returns None if the var doesn't exist)

IIRC sysconfig.get_config_var() still depends on parsing the pyconfig.h
file. This won't work on Windows because we are using project and config
settings of VisualStudio.

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multicpu bzip2 using os.system or queue using python script

[harijay]

I want to quickly bzip2 compress several hundred gigabytes of data
using my 8 core , 16 GB ram workstation.
Currently I am using a simple python script to compress a whole
directory tree using bzip2 and a system call coupled to an os.walk
call.

I see that the bzip2 only uses a single cpu while the other cpus
remain relatively idle.

I am a newbie in queue and threaded processes . But I am wondering how
I can implement this such that I can have four bzip2 running threads
(actually I guess os.system threads ), each using probably their own
cpu , that deplete files from a queue as they bzip them.


Thanks for your suggestions in advance

hari


My single thread script is pasted here .

import os
import sys


for roots, dirlist , filelist in os.walk(os.curdir):
for file in [os.path.join(roots,filegot) for filegot in filelist]:
if "bz2" not in file:
print "Compressing %s" % (file)
os.system("bzip2 %s" % file)
print ":DONE"


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Re: Windows: How to detect whether a Python app/script is running in console/GUI mode?

[Tim Golden]

On 27/07/2010 15:58, Brian Curtin wrote:

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:36,  wrote:


Windows: How can I detect whether a Python app/script is running in
console/GUI mode? By app I mean a script compiled to an exe via py2exe or
similar.

Thank you,
Malcolm



I don't remember much about py2exe, but you could check if
``os.path.split(sys.executable)[1]`` equals pythonw.exe (typical for GUIs)
or just python.exe (regular console).


Don't know whether it's foolproof, but I suspect that
checking whether win32console.GetConsoleWindow ()
returns zero is probably not a bad approach.

TJG 
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Re: Windows: How to detect whether a Python app/script is running in console/GUI mode?

[Emile van Sebille]

On 7/27/2010 7:36 AM pyt...@bdurham.com said...

Windows: How can I detect whether a Python app/script is running
in console/GUI mode? By app I mean a script compiled to an exe
via py2exe or similar.



Once you've got an exe, you'll need to know the name you're looking for. 
 There are several utilities available -- I use pslist from 
sysinternals, but there are others out there like process explorer, WMIC 
or tasklist.  You could translate the VB found at 
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/187913 and use win32.  You could program 
a pid file into your exe and check that.


One cheap trick is to create a file and keep it open while your process 
runs.  From the outside, if the file is missing or you can erase the 
file, you're process isn't active.  This relies on windows requiring 
exclusive access to delete a file which it does, and doesn't rely on the 
presence of a particular windows version or installation of a third 
party utility.


HTH,

Emile


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Re: Personal archive tool, looking for suggestions on improving the code

[John Bokma]

mo reina  writes:

> i mainly did it because i'm always scanning through my pdf files,
> books, or the net for some coding example of solution that i'd already
> seen before, and it just seemed logical to have something where you
> could just put the content in, give it a title and tags, and just look
> it up whenever you needed to.

Ages ago I wrote something like this in Perl, but now I use a local
install of MediaWiki to keep notes, interesting links, code snippets,
etc. One of the advantages is that I can reach it from each computer
connected to my LAN, even virtual ones.

-- 
John Bokma   j3b

Hacking & Hiking in Mexico -  http://johnbokma.com/
http://castleamber.com/ - Perl & Python Development
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Re: Urrlib2 IncompleteRead error

[Nitin Pawar]

Hi,

Check if the webpage you are trying to access is redirecting the page to
some other page?
or the timeout is too less for the request to finish


Thanks,
Nitin

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 7:30 PM, dirknbr  wrote:

> I am running urllib2.request and get this response when I do the read.
> Any ideas what causes this?
>
> return response.read()
>  File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 329, in read
>data = self._sock.recv(rbufsize)
>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 518, in read
>return self._read_chunked(amt)
>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 561, in _read_chunked
>raise IncompleteRead(''.join(value))
> IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(3235 bytes read)
>
> Dirk
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>



-- 
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Re: Urrlib2 IncompleteRead error

[Dirk Nachbar]

Thanks, I don't think it's redirecting, how can I increase the timeout?

On 27 July 2010 16:56, Nitin Pawar  wrote:

> Hi,
>
> Check if the webpage you are trying to access is redirecting the page to
> some other page?
> or the timeout is too less for the request to finish
>
>
> Thanks,
> Nitin
>
> On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 7:30 PM, dirknbr  wrote:
>
>> I am running urllib2.request and get this response when I do the read.
>> Any ideas what causes this?
>>
>> return response.read()
>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 329, in read
>>data = self._sock.recv(rbufsize)
>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 518, in read
>>return self._read_chunked(amt)
>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 561, in _read_chunked
>>raise IncompleteRead(''.join(value))
>> IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(3235 bytes read)
>>
>> Dirk
>> --
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Nitin Pawar
>
>


-- 
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Re: Urrlib2 IncompleteRead error

[Nitin Pawar]

import socket
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 10
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)



On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 10:09 PM, Dirk Nachbar  wrote:

> Thanks, I don't think it's redirecting, how can I increase the timeout?
>
>
> On 27 July 2010 16:56, Nitin Pawar  wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> Check if the webpage you are trying to access is redirecting the page to
>> some other page?
>> or the timeout is too less for the request to finish
>>
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Nitin
>>
>> On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 7:30 PM, dirknbr  wrote:
>>
>>> I am running urllib2.request and get this response when I do the read.
>>> Any ideas what causes this?
>>>
>>> return response.read()
>>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 329, in read
>>>data = self._sock.recv(rbufsize)
>>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 518, in read
>>>return self._read_chunked(amt)
>>>  File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 561, in _read_chunked
>>>raise IncompleteRead(''.join(value))
>>> IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(3235 bytes read)
>>>
>>> Dirk
>>> --
>>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Nitin Pawar
>>
>>
>
>
> --
> http://twitter.com/dirknbr
> http://maximum-likely.blogspot.com
>
>


-- 
Nitin Pawar
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Re: Orange County, California Python User Group

[Calhoon, Tom]

Dan:

I am an instructor at Cal State Fullerton, and we are looking for a
few industry leaders that would be willing to server on an advisory
board for a Python programming class series.  If you have a minute to
talk or know of someone who is interested, please give me a call.

 

 

Thanks

Tom Calhoon

(714) 834-6632

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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Daniel Fetchinson]

>>> Hi folks,
>>>
>>> If I'm only interested in linux and windows I know I can do
>>>
>>> 
>>> import os
>>> import platform
>>>
>>> if platform.system( ) == 'Linux':
>>> clear = 'clear'
>>> else:
>>> clear = 'cls'
>>>
>>> os.system( clear )
>>> 
>>>
>>> or something equivalent using os.name and friends, but was wondering
>>> why there is no platform independent way (i.e. the platform dependence
>>> is taken care of by the python stdlib) of clearing a terminal. Sure,
>>> there are many different terminals and many different operating
>>> systems but in many areas python managed to hide all these
>>> complexities behind a well defined API.
>>>
>>> Why was clearing a terminal left out?
>>>
>>
>> What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a
>> physical device). And the shell is not necessarily part of the OS itself
>
>> (there's no shortage of shells for unices / linux systems), so it
>> doesn't belong to the os or platform modules.
>>
>> FWIW, I can't tell for sure since I never used any other shell than
>> bash, but I'm not sure your above code is garanteed to work on each and
>> any possible unix shell.
>
> Sorry, but that is completely wrong - the shell is irrelevant.
>
> "clear" is just a normal command line program that queries the
> termcap/terminfo database (possibly via the curses library) for the
> terminal specific sequence of characters that will clear the screen. It
> then writes those characters to stdout. The terminal, or (more usually
> these days) terminal emulator, then interprets those characters and takes
> the appropriate action.
>
> I'm not sure what the POSIX status of the clear command is, but I'd be
> surprised if it wasn't present on a UNIX/Linux system of any vintage.


After getting the technicalities out of the way, maybe I should have asked:

Is it only me or others would find a platform independent python API
to clear the terminal useful?

Cheers,
Daniel


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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[John Nagle]

On 7/27/2010 7:44 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

Grant Edwards a écrit :

On 2010-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers
 wrote:

Daniel Fetchinson a ?crit :

(snip)

Why was clearing a terminal left out?


What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a
physical device).


No, what he's talking about is clearing a terminal (or a terminal
emulator). They both work the same, the only difference is whether
the terminal software is running on dedicated hardware or on
general-purpose hardware.


(snip)

I stand corrected.


I immediately thought of using the "curses" module, but that's
UNIX-only, or at least it's not in the ActiveState Python distro.

John Nagle
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Re: hasattr + __getattr__: I think this is Python bug

[Ethan Furman]

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

Bruno Desthuilliers a écrit :

Ethan Furman a écrit :

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

Duncan Booth a écrit :

(snip)

Or you could create the default as a class attribute 


from the OP:
"""
I have a class (FuncDesigner oofun) that has no attribute "size", but
it is overloaded in __getattr__, so if someone invokes
"myObject.size", it is generated (as another oofun) and connected to
myObject as attribute.
"""

so this solution won't obviously work in this case !-)

Also and FWIW, I wouldn't advocate this solution if the "default" 
class attribute is of a mutable type.


Well, it is Monday, so I may be missing something obvious, but what 
is the effective difference between these two solutions?




If you meant "what is the difference between creating the "whatever" 
attribute with a default value in the initializer and creating it on 
demand in the __getattr__ hook", the main difference is that in the 
first case, the instance is garanteed to have this attribute, so you get 
rid of "hasattr" checks (and the unwanted side effects) or, worse, 
direct check of the instance __dict__. Except for a couple of corner 
case, client code shouldn't have to worry about this kind of things - 
this breaks encapsulation.


Yay Tuesday!  :D

What I meant was what is the difference between:

[Bruno Desthuilliers]
> DEFAULT_WHATEVER = Whathever()
> class MyClass(object):
>  def __init__(self, x, y):
>  self.size = DEFAULT_WHATEVER

and

[Duncan Booth]
> class MyClass(object):
> size = Whatever()
> def __init__(self, x, y):
> ...

in both cases the object ends up with a size attribute and no further 
need of __getattr__. Of course, the warning about having a mutable 
object as a class attribute stands.


To phrase it another way, why does your solution (Bruno) work, but 
Duncan's "obviously won't"?


~Ethan~
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2010-07-27, Daniel Fetchinson  wrote:

> After getting the technicalities out of the way, maybe I should have asked:
>
> Is it only me or others would find a platform independent python API
> to clear the terminal useful?

I write a lot of command-line programs, and I can't remember the last
time time I wanted to clear a terminal.  But then again, pretty much
all of my programs are designed so that they can be used as filters.

About 10 years ago I did need to do a text-mode UI (menus, popups,
text-entry, etc.), and I used newt.

-- 
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  at   a curb or a battleship?
  gmail.comOr are we suffering in
   Safeway?
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Re: multicpu bzip2 using os.system or queue using python script

[MRAB]

harijay wrote:

I want to quickly bzip2 compress several hundred gigabytes of data
using my 8 core , 16 GB ram workstation.
Currently I am using a simple python script to compress a whole
directory tree using bzip2 and a system call coupled to an os.walk
call.

I see that the bzip2 only uses a single cpu while the other cpus
remain relatively idle.

I am a newbie in queue and threaded processes . But I am wondering how
I can implement this such that I can have four bzip2 running threads
(actually I guess os.system threads ), each using probably their own
cpu , that deplete files from a queue as they bzip them.


Thanks for your suggestions in advance


[snip]
Try this:

import os
import sys
from threading import Thread, Lock
from Queue import Queue

def report(message):
mutex.acquire()
print message
sys.stdout.flush()
mutex.release()

class Compressor(Thread):
def __init__(self, in_queue, out_queue):
Thread.__init__(self)
self.in_queue = in_queue
self.out_queue = out_queue
def run(self):
while True:
path = self.in_queue.get()
sys.stdout.flush()
if path is None:
break
report("Compressing %s" % path)
os.system("bzip2 %s" % path)
report("Done %s" %  path)
self.out_queue.put(path)

in_queue = Queue()
out_queue = Queue()
mutex = Lock()

THREAD_COUNT = 4

worker_list = []
for i in range(THREAD_COUNT):
worker = Compressor(in_queue, out_queue)
worker.start()
worker_list.append(worker)

for roots, dirlist, filelist in os.walk(os.curdir):
for file in [os.path.join(roots, filegot) for filegot in filelist]:
if "bz2" not in file:
in_queue.put(file)

for i in range(THREAD_COUNT):
in_queue.put(None)

for worker in worker_list:
worker.join()
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Re: python terminology on classes

[John Nagle]

On 7/27/2010 12:17 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:


destructor


Python has no real destructor. You can implement a __del__ method that
will _eventually_ be called before the instance gets garbage-collected,
but you'd rather not rely on it. Also, implementing this method will
prevent cycle detection.


   That's not correct.  The Python language reference is at
"http://docs.python.org/reference/datamodel.html";.  In CPython,
either __del__ will be called when the reference count goes to
zero, or it won't be called at all.  The garbage collector that
backs up the reference counting system doesn't delete objects with
__del__ methods, because of the usual problems with deletion from
a garbage collector.  The defined semantics are that loop-free
structures are deleted properly, but loops with one object that
has a __del__ hang around forever.  You can use weak pointers to
avoid loops.

   IronPython and ShedSkin are garbage-collected implementations which
have quite different __del__ semantics.  That's considered non-standard.

   In C++, the RAII approach is popular and recommended.
In C++, it's routine to create local objects which, when they go out
of scope, close a file, unlock a lock, or close a window.
It's also widely used in Python, but it's now somewhat deprecated.

   Python 2.6 has a recently added "with" clause, borrowed from
LISP, for associating actions with scopes.  This is supported for
files and locks, but setting your own object up for "with"
requires adding special methods to the object.  "with" is less
convenient and more limited than RAII, but that's the direction
Python is going.  This may be in preparation for a move to a real
garbage collector.

John Nagle
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Re: Updating path.py

[Michael Hoffman]

Robert Kern wrote:

On 7/26/10 5:16 PM, Michael Hoffman wrote:
I have been using Jason Orendorff's path.py module for a long time. It 
is very

useful. The only problem is that Python 2.6 deprecates the md5 module it
imports, so I (and others using my software) now get this warning 
whenever they

start, which is a little annoying.

/homes/hoffman/arch/Linux-x86_64/lib/python2.6/path-2.2-py2.6.egg/path.py:32: 


DeprecationWarning: the md5 module is deprecated; use hashlib instead

The original web page is gone, and e-mails to the author have gone 
unanswered.
It has a "public domain" license so I could easily fork it and make 
this small
change. The question is what is the best way to do that and ensure 
continuity
with the previous versions. Can I (or someone else) take over the PyPI 
entry in

question? Other suggestions?


You cannot "take over" a project on PyPI. You can only fork the project 
with a new name. In fact, this has already been done:


  http://pypi.python.org/pypi/forked-path/0.1


Great, I'll start by trying that, I was hoping someone already had a 
solution.


Thanks.
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suitable py2app.

[ata.jaf]

Hi,
I'm looking for a suitable tutorial for "py2app". I googled it but
couldn't find anything.
Can you help me please?
Thanks
Ata
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Re: suitable py2app.

[Nitin Pawar]

see if this helps

http://svn.pythonmac.org/py2app/py2app/trunk/doc/index.html

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 11:06 PM, ata.jaf  wrote:

> Hi,
> I'm looking for a suitable tutorial for "py2app". I googled it but
> couldn't find anything.
> Can you help me please?
> Thanks
> Ata
> --
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>



-- 
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Terry Reedy]

On 7/27/2010 12:58 PM, Daniel Fetchinson wrote:


After getting the technicalities out of the way, maybe I should have asked:

Is it only me or others would find a platform independent python API
to clear the terminal useful?


One problem is, Where would you put it? The OS module is for system 
calls, mostly based on posix. The system call involved in clearing a 
terminal is a write string call. *nix puts terminal control in a 
separate library.


Another is, what next? clear_line? Pretty soon, we are back to curses.

Still another problem is that most of us do not have terminals; we have 
screens and use them as such. OS-independent full-screen graphics/game 
libraries have clear screen commands. Similary, GUI systems have means 
of clearing text and canvas widgets, but should not be able to clear the 
whole screen. The turtle module has a clear command for its canvas, 
which would be the same regardless of underlying gui. So we already have 
several OS independent clear commands.


On Windows, the DOS clr command only works withing a text-mode command 
window (once called a dos window). The same thing (os.system('clr') 
within an IDLE shell uselessly flashes a blank command window, which 
then disappears. Yeah, it is too bad windows did not use the obvious 
'clear' like everyone? else. If command windows still imitate or can be 
set to imitate ansi terminals, then I would think curses is your best bet.


--
Terry Jan Reedy

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pyodbc problem

[Martin Gregorie]

I have a small problem: I can't get pyodbc to connect to a PostgreSQL 
database. All it does is spit out a malformed error message. When I run 
this:

==
import pyodbc

dsn = pyodbc.dataSources()
print "Data sources:%s" % dsn

conn = pyodbc.connect(dsn="marchive")
print "ODBC connection: %s" % conn
==

I get this:

==
[k...@zappa python]$ python dsncheck.py
Data sources:{'ma': 'PostgreSQL', 'marchive': 'PostgreSQL'}
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "dsncheck.py", line 6, in 
conn = pyodbc.connect(dsn="marchive")
pyodbc.Error: ('0', '[0] [unixODBC]c (0) (SQLDriverConnectW)')
==

so the data source exists and is evidently found by connect(), whiuch 
seems unable to make sense of it.

The pgsql module works well, but I would prefer to use ODBC because its 
not so closely bound to a single RDBMS. unixODBC, which I understand 
underlies pyodbc, works OK too:

==
[k...@zappa python]$ isql marchive marchive n/a
+---+
| Connected!|
|   |
| sql-statement |
| help [tablename]  |
| quit  |
|   |
+---+
SQL> select count(*) from address;
+-+
| count   |
+-+
| 32  |
+-+
SQLRowCount returns 1
1 rows fetched
SQL> quit
==

Questions:
- Why does pyodbc blow up when its apparently trying to talk to unixODBC?
- What does this mean:
pyodbc.Error: ('0', '[0] [unixODBC]c (0) (SQLDriverConnectW)')

I'm new to Python, though not to Linux, PostgreSQL, ODBC, C or Java. 
My rig and software:

Linux:  Fedora 12 Where I'm running Python and ODBC,
  Lenovo Thinkpad R61i: Core Duo.
Fedora 10 Where PostgreSQL is installed,
  IBM NetVista: Pentium III. 
PostgreSQL: 8.3.8
Python: 2.6.2
pyodbc  2.1.5-3.fc12 ) By yum from RH repository
unixODBC2.2.14-11.fc12   )


-- 
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gregorie. | Essex, UK
org   |
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Re: multicpu bzip2 using os.system or queue using python script

[harijay]

Thanks a tonne..That code works perfectly and also shows me how to
think of using queue and threads in my python programs

Hari

On Jul 27, 1:26 pm, MRAB  wrote:
> harijay wrote:
> > I want to quickly bzip2 compress several hundred gigabytes of data
> > using my 8 core , 16 GB ram workstation.
> > Currently I am using a simple python script to compress a whole
> > directory tree using bzip2 and a system call coupled to an os.walk
> > call.
>
> > I see that the bzip2 only uses a single cpu while the other cpus
> > remain relatively idle.
>
> > I am a newbie in queue and threaded processes . But I am wondering how
> > I can implement this such that I can have four bzip2 running threads
> > (actually I guess os.system threads ), each using probably their own
> > cpu , that deplete files from a queue as they bzip them.
>
> > Thanks for your suggestions in advance
>
> [snip]
> Try this:
>
> import os
> import sys
> from threading import Thread, Lock
> from Queue import Queue
>
> def report(message):
>      mutex.acquire()
>      print message
>      sys.stdout.flush()
>      mutex.release()
>
> class Compressor(Thread):
>      def __init__(self, in_queue, out_queue):
>          Thread.__init__(self)
>          self.in_queue = in_queue
>          self.out_queue = out_queue
>      def run(self):
>          while True:
>              path = self.in_queue.get()
>              sys.stdout.flush()
>              if path is None:
>                  break
>              report("Compressing %s" % path)
>              os.system("bzip2 %s" % path)
>              report("Done %s" %  path)
>              self.out_queue.put(path)
>
> in_queue = Queue()
> out_queue = Queue()
> mutex = Lock()
>
> THREAD_COUNT = 4
>
> worker_list = []
> for i in range(THREAD_COUNT):
>      worker = Compressor(in_queue, out_queue)
>      worker.start()
>      worker_list.append(worker)
>
> for roots, dirlist, filelist in os.walk(os.curdir):
>      for file in [os.path.join(roots, filegot) for filegot in filelist]:
>          if "bz2" not in file:
>              in_queue.put(file)
>
> for i in range(THREAD_COUNT):
>      in_queue.put(None)
>
> for worker in worker_list:
>      worker.join()

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Re: Why are String Formatted Queries Considered So Magical? (Spammer analysis)

[John Nagle]

On 7/26/2010 4:19 PM, Justin Smith wrote:

Seeking industry expert candidates

I’m Justin Smith, Director of Tech Recruiting at Express Seattle.  I
am currently seeking candidates to fill Tech Positions for multiple A-
List Clients:


   Spammer detected.
   Injection-Info: r27g2000yqb.googlegroups.com;
posting-host=63.170.35.94;
posting-account=XlBkJgkAAAC7JNUw8ZEYCvz12vv6mGCK
   Reverse DNS: "franchisevpn.expresspersonnel.com"
   Site analysis: Domain "www.expresspersonnel.com"
redirected to different domain "www.expresspros.com"
   Site analysis:
From Secure certificate (Secure certificate, high confidence)
Express Personnel Services, Inc.
Oklahoma City, OK
UNITED STATES
   Oklahoma corporation search:
EXPRESS SERVICES, INC.
Filing Number: 2400436307
Name Type: Legal Name
Status: In Existence
Corp type: Foreign For Profit Business Corporation
Jurisdiction: COLORADO
Formation Date: 28 Aug 1985
Colorado corporation search:
ID: 19871524232
Name:   EXPRESS SERVICES, INC.
Principal Street Address: 8516 NW Expressway,
Oklahoma City, OK 73162, United States
Target coordinates:
35.56973,-97.668001
Corporate class: Franchiser
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Which multiprocessing methods use shared memory?

[Kevin Ar18]

I'm not sure my previous message went through (I wasn't subscribe), so I'm 
gonna try again.

The multiprocessing module has 4 methods for sharing data between processes:
Queues
Pipes
Shared Memory Map
Server Process
 
Which of these use shared memory?
 
I understand that the 3rd (Shared Memory Map) does, but what about Queues?
 
Thanks,
Kevin

  
_
Hotmail is redefining busy with tools for the New Busy. Get more from your 
inbox.
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Re: Which multiprocessing methods use shared memory?

[MRAB]

Kevin Ar18 wrote:

I'm not sure my previous message went through (I wasn't subscribe), so I'm 
gonna try again.

The multiprocessing module has 4 methods for sharing data between processes:
Queues
Pipes
Shared Memory Map
Server Process
 
Which of these use shared memory?
 
I understand that the 3rd (Shared Memory Map) does, but what about Queues?
 

The documentation says:

"""class multiprocessing.Queue([maxsize])
Returns a process shared queue implemented using a pipe and a few 
locks/semaphores. When a process first puts an item on the queue a 
feeder thread is started which transfers objects from a buffer into the 
pipe."""

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tkinter unicode question

[jyoung79]

Just curious if anyone could shed some light on this?  I'm using 
tkinter, but I can't seem to get certain unicode characters to 
show in the label for Python 3.  

In my test, the label and button will contain the same 3 
characters - a Greek Alpha, a Greek Omega with a circumflex and 
soft breathing accent, and then a Greek Alpha with a soft 
breathing accent.

For Python 2.6, this works great:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Label(root, text=u'\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
Button(root, text=u'\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
root.mainloop()

However, for Python 3.1.2, the button gets the correct characters, 
but the label only displays the first Greek Alpha character.  
The other 2 characters look like Chinese characters followed by 
an empty box.  Here's the code for Python 3:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
Label(root, text='\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
Button(root, text='\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
root.mainloop()

I've done some research and am wondering if it is 
because Python 2.6 comes with tk version 8.5, while Python 3.1.2 
comes with tk version 8.4?  I'm running this on OS X 10.6.4.

Here's a link I found that mentions this same problem:
http://www.mofeel.net/871-comp-lang-python/5879.aspx

If I need to upgrade tk to 8.5, is it best to upgrade it or just
install 'tiles'?  From my readings it looks like upgrading to
8.5 can be a pain due to OS X still pointing back to 8.4.  I
haven't tried it yet in case someone might have an easier
solution.

Thanks for looking at my question.

Jay
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Re: Why are String Formatted Queries Considered So Magical? (Spammer analysis)

[John Bokma]

John Nagle  writes:

> On 7/26/2010 4:19 PM, Justin Smith wrote:
>> Seeking industry expert candidates
>>
>> I’m Justin Smith, Director of Tech Recruiting at Express Seattle.  I
>> am currently seeking candidates to fill Tech Positions for multiple A-
>> List Clients:
>
>Spammer detected.

But did you report it? (If so, it helps if you state so).


>Injection-Info: r27g2000yqb.googlegroups.com;
>   posting-host=63.170.35.94;

http://www.spamcop.net/sc?track=63.170.35.94 -> looks like abuse goes to
the spammer... A whois gives sprint.net, so you could contact abuse at
sprint.net (see: http://whois.domaintools.com/63.170.35.94 )

[snip address etc.]
Spammers don't care about that. Best course of action, based on my
experience, is to contact abuse at googlegroups.com (now and then it
actually works), and sprint.net.

-- 
John Bokma   j3b

Hacking & Hiking in Mexico -  http://johnbokma.com/
http://castleamber.com/ - Perl & Python Development
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Re: Windows: How to detect whether a Python app/script is running in console/GUI mode?

[MrJean1]

On Jul 27, 8:36 am, Tim Golden  wrote:
> On 27/07/2010 15:58, Brian Curtin wrote:
>
> > On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 09:36,  wrote:
>
> >> Windows: How can I detect whether a Python app/script is running in
> >> console/GUI mode? By app I mean a script compiled to an exe via py2exe or
> >> similar.
>
> >> Thank you,
> >> Malcolm
>
> > I don't remember much about py2exe, but you could check if
> > ``os.path.split(sys.executable)[1]`` equals pythonw.exe (typical for GUIs)
> > or just python.exe (regular console).
>
> Don't know whether it's foolproof, but I suspect that
> checking whether win32console.GetConsoleWindow ()
> returns zero is probably not a bad approach.
>
> TJG    

Executables built with py2exe have an attribute sys.frozen and its
value is 'console_exe' for console applications or 'windows_exe' for
GUI applications.  See for example .

/Jean
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Re: Why is there no platform independent way of clearing a terminal?

[Tim Harig]

On 2010-07-27, John Nagle  wrote:
> On 7/27/2010 7:44 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> Grant Edwards a écrit :
>>> On 2010-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers
>>>  wrote:
 Daniel Fetchinson a ?crit :
>> (snip)
> Why was clearing a terminal left out?
>
 What you're talking about is a shell, not a terminal (a terminal is a
 physical device).
>>>
>>> No, what he's talking about is clearing a terminal (or a terminal
>>> emulator). They both work the same, the only difference is whether
>>> the terminal software is running on dedicated hardware or on
>>> general-purpose hardware.
>>
>> (snip)
>>
>> I stand corrected.
>
>  I immediately thought of using the "curses" module, but that's
> UNIX-only, or at least it's not in the ActiveState Python distro.

pdcurses:

http://pdcurses.sourceforge.net/

is a cross platform curses implementation that is available for Windows.
I wonder how difficult it would be to embed into the Python curses module
as a backup for systems where curses is not natively available.  This would
allow Python to provide cross platform charactor mode manipulation.
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Re: tkinter unicode question

[Ned Deily]

In article <20100727204532.r7gmz.27213.r...@cdptpa-web20-z02>,
  wrote:
> Just curious if anyone could shed some light on this?  I'm using 
> tkinter, but I can't seem to get certain unicode characters to 
> show in the label for Python 3.  
> 
> In my test, the label and button will contain the same 3 
> characters - a Greek Alpha, a Greek Omega with a circumflex and 
> soft breathing accent, and then a Greek Alpha with a soft 
> breathing accent.
> 
> For Python 2.6, this works great:
> 
> # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
> from Tkinter import *
> root = Tk()
> Label(root, text=u'\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
> Button(root, text=u'\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
> root.mainloop()
> 
> However, for Python 3.1.2, the button gets the correct characters, 
> but the label only displays the first Greek Alpha character.  
> The other 2 characters look like Chinese characters followed by 
> an empty box.  Here's the code for Python 3:
> 
> # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
> from tkinter import *
> root = Tk()
> Label(root, text='\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
> Button(root, text='\u03B1 \u1F66 \u1F00').pack()
> root.mainloop()
> 
> I've done some research and am wondering if it is 
> because Python 2.6 comes with tk version 8.5, while Python 3.1.2 
> comes with tk version 8.4?  I'm running this on OS X 10.6.4.

Most likely.  Apparently you're using the Apple-supplied Python 2.6 
which, as you say, uses Tk 8.5.  If you had installed the python.org 
2.6, it would likely fail for you in the same way as 3.1, since both use 
Tk 8.4.  (They both fail for me.)

> If I need to upgrade tk to 8.5, is it best to upgrade it or just
> install 'tiles'?  From my readings it looks like upgrading to
> 8.5 can be a pain due to OS X still pointing back to 8.4.  I
> haven't tried it yet in case someone might have an easier
> solution.

OS X 10.6 comes with both Tk 8.4 and 8.5.  The problem is that the 
Python Tkinter(2.6) or tkinter(3.1) is linked at build time, not install 
time, to one or the other.   You would need to at least rebuild and 
relink tkinter for 3.1 to use Tk 8.5, which means downloading and 
building Python from source.  New releases of python.org installers are 
now coming in two varieties: the second will be only for 10.6 or later 
and will link with Tk 8.5.  The next new release of Python 3 is likely 
months away, though.  In the meantime, a simpler solution might be to 
download and install the ActiveState Python 3.1 for OS X which does use 
Tk 8.5.  And your test case works for me with it.

-- 
 Ned Deily,
 n...@acm.org

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urllib timeout

[kBob]

 I created a script to access weather satellite imagery fron NOAA's
ADDS.

 It worked fine until recently with Python 2.6.

 The company changed the Internet LAN connections to "Accept Automatic
settings" and "Use automatic configuration script"

 How do you get urllib.urlopen to use the the "automatic script"
configuration?

 This code worked recently, until the company implemented these LAN
connections...

SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/
latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
satimg = satpic.read()


Kelly Dean
Fort Collins, CO
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Re: Binary compatibility across Python versions?

[Philip Semanchuk]

On Jul 26, 2010, at 5:19 PM, Ned Deily wrote:


In article ,
Christian Heimes  wrote:

[Philip Semanchuk wrote:]

Specifically, I'm concerned with binaries created by SWIG for a C++
library that our project uses. We'd like to ship precompiled  
binaries
for Linux, OS X and Windows for Python 2.5 and 2.6. I'm hoping  
that it
is sufficient to create binaries for each Python for each platform  
(3

* 2 == 6 total precompiled binaries).

For each platforms you have to provide binaries for the major CPU
architectures (X86 and X64_86), too. Users or distributions may  
compile

Python with UCS-2 or UCS-4 unicode width. That makes eight different
binaries for Linux (two version * two archs * UCS2/4). Although most
distributions follow the LSB standards, binaries aren't necessary ABI
compatible. C++ binaries tend to break more often than C binaries.


And, on OS X, there are various Python binary distributions in common
use: the Apple-supplied Pythons (2.5 for OS X 10.5, 2.6 & 2.5 for  
10.6),

the python.org OS X installers for 10.5 and 10.6, plus the ActiveState
and EPD ones.  It would likely be difficult to ship one binary  
extension

that would easily work, if at all, with the most common ones.  For
instance, the Apple-supplied Python 2.6 is built with gcc 4.2, uses  
the
10.6 ABI (SDK deployment target), and x86_64 / i386 / ppc  
architectures
(default 64-bit on capable machines).  The python.org 2.6 uses gcc  
4.0,

the 10.4u ABI, and is 32-bit only (i386 / ppc)


Thanks to all who replied on this topic. A little more background --  
these binaries are just a convenience for our users and we don't have  
to cover every possible permutation of Python, only the ones we think  
will be most common in our user base. That said, thanks to the things  
you pointed out, I'm beginning to think that our users might be such a  
varied group that precompiled binaries might not be worth the trouble.


Ned, I'm on Mac and I was under the impression that the deployment  
target compiler option would control how the resulting binary (in this  
case, Python) called OS X but it wouldn't have any affect on how other  
code (like our library) called Python. Is that not the case?



Thanks
Philip









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Re: newb

[Lie Ryan]

On Tue, 27 Jul 2010 11:07:09 GMT, whitey  wrote:
hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any 
newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. 


Yes, Python Tutor list is specifically aimed for beginners. You can 
access it by subscribing to either tu...@python.org or 
gmane.comp.python.tutor


would still be valid? 


Mostly yes. However I'd recommend getting a more updated book 
especially if you're a beginner.


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Re: urllib timeout

[MRAB]

kBob wrote:


 I created a script to access weather satellite imagery fron NOAA's
ADDS.

 It worked fine until recently with Python 2.6.

 The company changed the Internet LAN connections to "Accept Automatic
settings" and "Use automatic configuration script"

 How do you get urllib.urlopen to use the the "automatic script"
configuration?

 This code worked recently, until the company implemented these LAN
connections...

SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/
latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
satimg = satpic.read()


For the record, I got:

>>> import urllib
>>> SAT_URL = 
"http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/latest_BWI_vis.jpg";

>>> satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 79, in urlopen
opener = FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 617, in __init__
URLopener.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 129, in __init__
assert hasattr(proxies, 'has_key'), "proxies must be a mapping"
AssertionError: proxies must be a mapping

However, urllib.urlretrieve(...) works.
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Re: Binary compatibility across Python versions?

[Ned Deily]

In article <0a4c9b21-6eff-461a-b15c-415d1408d...@semanchuk.com>,
 Philip Semanchuk  wrote:
[...]
> Thanks to all who replied on this topic. A little more background --  
> these binaries are just a convenience for our users and we don't have  
> to cover every possible permutation of Python, only the ones we think  
> will be most common in our user base. That said, thanks to the things  
> you pointed out, I'm beginning to think that our users might be such a  
> varied group that precompiled binaries might not be worth the trouble.
> 
> Ned, I'm on Mac and I was under the impression that the deployment  
> target compiler option would control how the resulting binary (in this  
> case, Python) called OS X but it wouldn't have any affect on how other  
> code (like our library) called Python. Is that not the case?

Even if your extension modules and libraries don't make a lot of system 
calls, I think it's a bit of a crap shoot since there are no guarantees 
of compatibility among the various popular distributions and there are 
the gcc-4.0 vs -4.2 and the arch differences.  You'd have to try the 
various combinations and/or limit the configurations you support. The 
bottom line is that many (most?) package developers have given up on 
trying to supply binary distributions for OS X.  Since Apple supplies 
the necessary developer tools for free with recent OS X releases and in 
most cases Distutils does the right thing, the burden on end users isn't 
particularly onerous (see, for example, 
http://appscript.sourceforge.net/py-appscript/install.html).

Now, adding SWIG and C++ to the mix may result in a different answer.  I 
don't have any practical experience with them to have an opnion.  Good 
luck!

-- 
 Ned Deily,
 n...@acm.org

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Re: urllib timeout

[kBob]

On Jul 27, 4:23 pm, MRAB  wrote:
> kBob wrote:
>
> >  I created a script to access weather satellite imagery fron NOAA's
> > ADDS.
>
> >  It worked fine until recently with Python 2.6.
>
> >  The company changed the Internet LAN connections to "Accept Automatic
> > settings" and "Use automatic configuration script"
>
> >  How do you get urllib.urlopen to use the the "automatic script"
> > configuration?
>
> >  This code worked recently, until the company implemented these LAN
> > connections...
>
> >     SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/
> > latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
> >     satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
> >     satimg = satpic.read()
>
> For the record, I got:
>
>  >>> import urllib
>  >>> SAT_URL =
> "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/latest_BWI_vis.jpg";
>  >>> satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "", line 1, in 
>    File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 79, in urlopen
>      opener = FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
>    File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 617, in __init__
>      URLopener.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
>    File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 129, in __init__
>      assert hasattr(proxies, 'has_key'), "proxies must be a mapping"
> AssertionError: proxies must be a mapping
>
> However, urllib.urlretrieve(...) works.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

I saw that, but I still get the same error time out error ...

>>> import urllib
>>> SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/";
>>> SAT_FILE = "latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
>>> satimg = urllib.urlretrieve( SAT_URL, SAT_FILE )
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 93, in urlretrieve
return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook, data)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 237, in retrieve
fp = self.open(url, data)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 205, in open
return getattr(self, name)(url)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 344, in open_http
h.endheaders()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 904, in endheaders
self._send_output()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 776, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 735, in send
self.connect()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 716, in connect
self.timeout)
  File "c:\python26\lib\socket.py", line 514, in create_connection
raise error, msg
IOError: [Errno socket error] [Errno 10060] A connection attempt
failed because
the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time,
or establis
hed connection failed because connected host has failed to respond

Kelly
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Re: urllib timeout

[MRAB]

kBob wrote:

On Jul 27, 4:23 pm, MRAB  wrote:

kBob wrote:


 I created a script to access weather satellite imagery fron NOAA's
ADDS.
 It worked fine until recently with Python 2.6.
 The company changed the Internet LAN connections to "Accept Automatic
settings" and "Use automatic configuration script"
 How do you get urllib.urlopen to use the the "automatic script"
configuration?
 This code worked recently, until the company implemented these LAN
connections...
SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/
latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
satimg = satpic.read()

For the record, I got:

 >>> import urllib
 >>> SAT_URL =
"http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/latest_BWI_vis.jpg";
 >>> satpic = urllib.urlopen(SAT_URL, proxies=0 )
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 1, in 
   File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 79, in urlopen
 opener = FancyURLopener(proxies=proxies)
   File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 617, in __init__
 URLopener.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
   File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 129, in __init__
 assert hasattr(proxies, 'has_key'), "proxies must be a mapping"
AssertionError: proxies must be a mapping

However, urllib.urlretrieve(...) works.- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -


I saw that, but I still get the same error time out error ...


import urllib
SAT_URL = "http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/";
SAT_FILE = "latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
satimg = urllib.urlretrieve( SAT_URL, SAT_FILE )

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 93, in urlretrieve
return _urlopener.retrieve(url, filename, reporthook, data)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 237, in retrieve
fp = self.open(url, data)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 205, in open
return getattr(self, name)(url)
  File "c:\python26\lib\urllib.py", line 344, in open_http
h.endheaders()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 904, in endheaders
self._send_output()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 776, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 735, in send
self.connect()
  File "c:\python26\lib\httplib.py", line 716, in connect
self.timeout)
  File "c:\python26\lib\socket.py", line 514, in create_connection
raise error, msg
IOError: [Errno socket error] [Errno 10060] A connection attempt
failed because
the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time,
or establis
hed connection failed because connected host has failed to respond


It should be like this:

SAT_URL = 
"http://adds.aviationweather.gov/data/satellite/latest_BWI_vis.jpg";

SAT_FILE = r"C:\latest_BWI_vis.jpg"
urllib.urlretrieve(SAT_URL, SAT_FILE)

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subprocess module under python 2.7

[Timothy W. Grove]

I am using the following code to hide the console window when launching 
a subprocess under Windows.


   startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
   startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
   startupinfo.wShowWindow = subprocess.SW_HIDE

   self.mplayer = Popen(args,
bufsize=0, #unbufferred
stdin=PIPE,
stdout=PIPE,
stderr=PIPE,
close_fds=False,
universal_newlines=True,
startupinfo=startupinfo
)

This worked okay in using the subprocess module under python 2.6, but 
under python 2.7 I get the error:


Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "threading.pyo", line 530, in __bootstrap_inner
 File "gui\mplayer_ctrl.pyo", line 93, in run
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW'

Anything changed between python versions to account for this?

Best regards,
Tim




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Re: subprocess module under python 2.7

[Chris Rebert]

On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 4:12 PM, Timothy W. Grove  wrote:
> I am using the following code to hide the console window when launching a
> subprocess under Windows.
>
>       startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
>       startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
>       startupinfo.wShowWindow = subprocess.SW_HIDE
>
>       self.mplayer = Popen(args,
>                            bufsize=0, #unbufferred
>                            stdin=PIPE,
>                            stdout=PIPE,
>                            stderr=PIPE,
>                            close_fds=False,
>                            universal_newlines=True,
>                            startupinfo=startupinfo
>                            )
>
> This worked okay in using the subprocess module under python 2.6, but under
> python 2.7 I get the error:
>
> Exception in thread Thread-1:
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "threading.pyo", line 530, in __bootstrap_inner
>  File "gui\mplayer_ctrl.pyo", line 93, in run
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW'
>
> Anything changed between python versions to account for this?

Yes, apparently the code importing that stuff got removed:
http://svn.python.org/view/python/tags/r27/Lib/subprocess.py?r1=79064&r2=82504

FWIW, STARTUPINFO(), STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW, and SW_HIDE were/are
undocumented in both Python versions and thus shouldn't be relied
upon. They can be accessed via Python's win32-specific modules instead
(see diff).

Cheers,
Chris
--
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Re: Are those features still the same?

[Thomas Jollans]

On 07/25/2010 11:02 AM, francogrex wrote:
> Terry Reedy wrote:
>> As other have said, mostly, but I would change the following...
> 
> Thanks for all those who replied. I know these are not all the features but 
> some of them and again this is not a comparison but a little taste of what 
> python offers today, and the replies were very informative. By the way Peter 
> Norvig is not biased, he works for Google research and is a supporter of 
> programming in any language, especially in Python.
> 

Had I known the table was headed with "Python for Lisp programmers", I
would have responded differently - but you chose to hide that ;-)
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Re: newb

[Monte Milanuk]

On 7/27/10 4:07 AM, whitey wrote:

hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any
newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. i have bought a
book for $2 called "learn to program using python" by alan gauld.
starting to read it but it was written in 2001. presuming that the
commands and info would still be valid? any websites or books that are a
must for beginners? any input would be much appreciated...cheers


Alan Gauld posts fairly regularly over on the python-tutor mailing list, 
as well as here.  He has newer material on his website @ 
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/, and if you google 'python tutorial' you'll 
probably find more material than you can shake a stick at - from web 
pages to books (both online and dead-tree) to You-Tube videos.


One book that helps me out quite a bit is John Zelle's "Python 
Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science".  Just be aware there 
is a first edition (covers python 2.x) and a newer second edition 
(python 3.x) - both available from Amazon.


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Re: newb

[Mithrandir]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

On 07/27/2010 04:07 AM, whitey wrote:
> hi all. am totally new to python and was wondering if there are any 
> newsgroups that are there specifically for beginners. i have bought a 
> book for $2 called "learn to program using python" by alan gauld. 
> starting to read it but it was written in 2001. presuming that the 
> commands and info would still be valid? any websites or books that are a 
> must for beginners? any input would be much appreciated...cheers

It may also depend on which version of Python you wish to use. Since
you're a "newb", I'd probably suggest starting off with Python 3. The
version in your book is probably version 2.*. The difference is minor,
but, when you're starting off (I assume with computer languages in
general?) the difference in syntax can kick you where it hurts. Programs
that work with Python 2.*, may not work with Python 3. However, I
suggest Python 3 since it seems to be the "code of tomorrow."

It may also depend on what you wish to do with your knowledge of Python
(applications, games, web frameworks, etc.) If you want to make games, I
suggest also learning about pyGame.

As for book versus website, I started off with, as others have
mentioned, learning online. Not only is it free, but the boundary
between page and screen is broken. Note though that some off-sites
(Wikibooks for instance) may not be complete in their writing.
Python.org has a wealth of knowledge about almost everything involving
Python. However, *some* of the documentation there may not be suitable
for absolute beginners. There are several links there to other good
websites for those with no experience in coding, all the way up to a
ridiculously complicated level. I highly suggest poking around there.

If you wish to read a book instead, try:
http://www.amazon.com/Python-Programming-Absolute-Beginner-3rd/dp/1435455002/
Or go to your local library and poke there. :)

Good luck!

- -- 
People should read more.
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/User:MithrandirAgain
"All that is gold does not glitter,
not all those who wander are lost;
the old that is strong does not wither,
deep roots are not reached by the frost.
- From the ashes a fire shall be woken,
a light from the shadows shall spring;
renewed shall be blade that was broken,
the crownless again shall be king."
-BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-
Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org/

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Re: Are those features still the same?

[Mithrandir]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

On 07/26/2010 11:58 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message , francogrex wrote:
> 
>> By the way Peter Norvig is not biased, he works for Google research and is
>> a supporter of programming in any language, especially in Python.
> 
> Bias doesn’t have to be a conscious thing.

Correct. It just has to have a rainbow logo and own half the internet. :)

- -- 
People should read more.
https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/User:MithrandirAgain
"All that is gold does not glitter,
not all those who wander are lost;
the old that is strong does not wither,
deep roots are not reached by the frost.
- From the ashes a fire shall be woken,
a light from the shadows shall spring;
renewed shall be blade that was broken,
the crownless again shall be king."
-BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-
Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org/

iQEcBAEBAgAGBQJMT5VTAAoJEKo37V1xH7gTobAH/1QY0SN6BulkNO3QUFrzg5cO
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=iv9B
-END PGP SIGNATURE-
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The Miracle and Challenge of the Quran

[nais-saudi]

The Miracle and Challenge of the Quran
---­---

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3A8R...layer_embedded


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3A8R...layer_embedded
---­---


Do you know Islam ? Try


VISIT THESE SITES


ISLAM RELIGION


http://www.islamreligion.com/


SCIENE ISLAM


http://www.islamreligion.com/


YOUTUBE ISLAM


http://youtubeislam.com/


BIBLE ISLAM


http://www.bibleislam.com/


MINISTRY OF AWKAF


http://www.islamic-council.org/


ISLAM WORD


http://islamworld.net/


ISLAM HOUSE


http://www.islamhouse.com/


SUNNAH ONLINE


http://www.sunnahonline.com/ilm/dawah/index.htm


---­--
The Miracle and Challenge of the Quran


 With an introduction by Magdy Abd Al-SHafy
The Holy Quran is a miracle that beggars de**ion , words fail to
describe this miracle , it is a miracle in the full sense of the
term . Different specialists , according to the branch of science
they
are specialized in , find it miraculous . Prophet Mohummed said
commenting on the Holy Quran saying " it unfolds the secrets of the
nations that preceded you , and secrets of the future treasured in it
" It is the Holy Book that Jinnee , on hearing to it , did not leave
their place till they believed in it . It is the book which
unbelievers gave positive witness to .
Dr. Keith L. Moore is a Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. He is a world renowned
scientist and a distinguished researcher in the fields of anatomy and
embryology, he has published more than 150 research articles,
chapters
and books in this field. He is the author of several medical
books, such as the widely used and acclaimed "The Developing
Human: Clinically oriented Embryology" (now in it's fifth edition,
and
translated into eight different languages), "Before We Are Born" and
"Clinically Oriented Anatomy." He has also recently co-authored
"Qur'an and Modern Science, Correlation Studies." Dr. Moore is the
recipient of numerous awards and honors, including, in 1984, the
J.C.B. Grant Award, which is the highest honor granted by the
Canadian
Association of Anatomists. He has served in many academic and
administrative positions, including the President of the Canadian
Association of Anatomists, 1968-1970. Let us see what Dr. Moore's
opinion is on the scientific statements regarding embryology to be
found in the Qur'an:
Dr. Moore was contacted by a Muslim scholar by the name of Abdul-
Majeed Azzindani. He was asked to participate in a three-year study
of
around twenty-five verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (sayings of
Muhammad, pbuh) which speak about embryology, and to determine the
their correspondence to modern scientific discoveries. Dr. Moore's
conclusion regarding this matter was:
"For the past three years, I have worked with the Embryology
Committee
of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, helping them to
interpret the many statements in the Qur'an and the Sunnah referring
to human reproduction and prenatal development. At first I was
astonished by the accuracy of the statements that were recorded in
the
seventh century AD, before the science of embryology was established.
Although I was aware of the glorious history of Muslim scientists in
the 10th century AD, and of some of their contributions to Medicine,
I
knew nothing about the religious facts and beliefs contained in the
Qur'an and Sunnah. It is important for Islamic and other students to
understand the meaning of these Qur'anic statements about human
development, based on current scientific knowledge. The
interpretations of the "verses" in the Qur'an and the Sunnah,
translated by Shaikh Azzindani, are to the best of my knowledge
accurate."
>From the forward of "The Developing Human: Clinically oriented
Embryology," third edition, by Dr. Keith L. Moore.
The Qur'an and the Sunnah of the prophet Muhammad (Sallalahu Alayhi
Wa
Salam) provide a very detailed de**ion of the microscopic
development of the human embryo from a mere sperm drop up to the
stage
of a completely formed human being. It is well known that microscopes
were not developed until the sixteenth century AD, and even at that
were very crude in design. Zacharias Janssen is credited with having
invented the compound microscope in about 1590. With it, remarkable
scientific discoveries were made in the 17th and 18th centuries. The
Dutch naturalist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek produced lenses powerful
enough to prove that many tiny creatures are not spontaneously
generated but come from eggs.
Before this period, theories on human reproduction ran rampant. Some
scientist believed that the menstrual blood itself developed into the
fetus. Later on, a new theory was developed wherein the sperm drop
was
popularly

Where is the help page for re.MatchObject?

[Peng Yu]

I know the library reference webpage for re.MatchObject is at
http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.MatchObject

But I don't find such a help page in python help(). Does anybody know
how to get it in help()?

>>> help(re.MatchObject)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'MatchObject'

-- 
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Peng
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Re: How to capture all the environment variables from shell?

[Steven W. Orr]

On 07/26/10 22:42, quoth Tim Chase:
> On 07/26/10 21:26, Steven W. Orr wrote:
>> Please! Never export anything from your .bashrc unless you
>> really know what you're doing. Almost all exports should be
>> done in your .bash_profile
> 
> Could you elaborate on your reasoning why (or why-not)?  I've found that
> my .bash_profile doesn't get evaluated when I crank up another terminal
> window, while my bashrc does.  Thus I tend to put my exports in my
> ~/.bashrc so they actually take effect in my shell...
> 
> -tkc
> 
> 

I'm happy to elaborate, but people should feel free to stop me if they're not
interested. The topic is bash:

When you log in you get your .bash_profile and not the .bashrc. Subshells get
the .bashrc and not the .bash_profile. If you set your envvars in your
.bash_profile then you don't need to reset them in subshells because they all
get inherited. (Inheritance of envvars is, after all, the reason that they are
envvars and not just local variables.)

The way you get your .bashrc to happen at login time is that you have to make
it happen yourself. In your .bash_profile, just say this:

. ~/.bashrc

The one time that you should set an envvar in your .bashrc is when you are not
an interactive shell. In that case you can set your PATH var in your .bashrc
by first testing to see if you're interactive: In your .bashrc just say:

[[ -z "$PS1" ]] && set_PATH_cmds
# Of course, note that set_PATH_cmds is not a subprocess. It has to
# be either a PATH= or function that accomplishes the same thing.

This solves the problem of things like

ssh somemachine cmd
where cmd is something that you would only find on your PATH if you properly
logged in.

As far as X goes, I am starting from the premise that your X session will be
set up to cause your .bash_profile to happen at login time.

One last note: If you say something like

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin

then re-sourcing your .bash_profile will cause your PATH value to double up.
That's why I set my PATH variable explicitly.

After that, I encourage people to set up their PATH variables so that they are
broken into four distinct sections in the following order. (The idea is to
make your stuff override the system supplied stuff.) (The stuff below is just
an example.)

USERPERSONAL=~/bin:~/share/bin
MACHINESPECIALS=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/share/bin
OPTIONALADDONS=/opt/Adobe/Reader9/bin:/opt/openoffice.org3/program
VENDORPATHS=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
PATH=${USERPERSONAL}:${MACHINESPECIALS}:${OPTIONALADDONS}:${VENDORPATHS}

-- 
Time flies like the wind. Fruit flies like a banana. Stranger things have  .0.
happened but none stranger than this. Does your driver's license say Organ ..0
Donor?Black holes are where God divided by zero. Listen to me! We are all- 000
individuals! What if this weren't a hypothetical question?
steveo at syslang.net



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Re: Which multiprocessing methods use shared memory?

[John Nagle]

On 7/27/2010 12:30 PM, MRAB wrote:

Kevin Ar18 wrote:

I'm not sure my previous message went through (I wasn't subscribe), so
I'm gonna try again.

The multiprocessing module has 4 methods for sharing data between
processes:
Queues
Pipes
Shared Memory Map
Server Process

Which of these use shared memory?

I understand that the 3rd (Shared Memory Map) does, but what about
Queues?


The documentation says:

"""class multiprocessing.Queue([maxsize])
Returns a process shared queue implemented using a pipe and a few
locks/semaphores. When a process first puts an item on the queue a
feeder thread is started which transfers objects from a buffer into the
pipe."""


   Python's "shared memory" between processes is un-Pythonic.  You
can't share Python object, only C objects.  The locking mechanisms
are very limited, and slow; locking actually takes place via
messages over pipes.  There's no dynamic allocation in the shared area.

   Realistically, if you're using Python, you're not that concerned
about compute speed.  So don't bother with shared memory, which is
a performance optimization.

John Nagle
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