adding values to keys

[Brandon]

Hi all,

I'm not sure if I'm calling the right method in a dictionary.  I have:

for k,v in dict.items():
 NT = k,range(alpha,omega)#where alpha and omega are
previously defined as 1 and 4, respectively
 print NT

which gives:
('w', [0,1,2,3])
('x', [0,1,2,3])
('y', [0,1,2,3])
('z', [0,1,2,3])

And now I want a master dictionary like: [{'w': [0],[1],[2],[3]},
{'x': [0]...]

So I try:

MT = {}
MT.fromkeys(NT[0], range(alpha,omega))
print MT

but this only returns:
{}
{}
{}...

Anybody see what I'm doing wrong?  Any advice is much appreciated.

Thanks,

Brandon
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Re: dictionary of operators

[A.T.Hofkamp]

On 2008-02-14, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> In the standard library module "operator", it would be nice to have a 
> dictionary
> mapping operators strings with their respective functions. Something like:
>
>   {
> '+': add,
> '-': sub,
> 'in': contains,
> 'and': and_,
> 'or': or_,
> ...
>   }
>
> Does such a dictionary already exist? Is it really a good and useful idea?

How would you handle changes in operator syntax?
- I have 'add' instead of '+'
- I have U+2208 instead of 'in'

I don't think this is generally applicable.


Why don't you attach the function to the +/-/in/... token instead? Then you
don't need the above table at all.


sincerely,
Albert
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Re: a question in python curses modules

[Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch]

On Fri, 15 Feb 2008 11:55:11 +0800, Marco wrote:

> Hi, I wanna write a simple curses program, but somethings confuse
> me, my code here:
> 
> #!/usr/bin/python
> 
> import os
> import sys
> import time
> import curses
> 
> class CursesObject( object ):
> 
> def __init__(self):
> 
> self.STDSCR = curses.initscr()
> curses.noecho()
> curses.cbreak()
> self.STDSCR.keypad(1)
> 
> def __del__(self):
> self.STDSCR.keypad(0)
> curses.nocbreak()
> curses.echo()
> curses.endwin()
> 
> c1 = CursesObject()
> time.sleep(1)
> 
> 
> I donot know what happen, but in __del__ function, curses become None??!!

When the interpreter shuts down it has to remove objects.  Everything you
need in a `__del__()` method must be referenced by that object to be sure
that it is still there and not already garbage collected.  *But* it's not
guaranteed that `__del__()` is called at all!  So if you think this clean
up is necessary to leave a usable console then don't put it into a
`__del__()` method!

Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
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Re: adding values to keys

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Brandon a écrit :
> Hi all,
> 
> I'm not sure if I'm calling the right method in a dictionary.  I have:
> 
> for k,v in dict.items():

don't use 'dict' as an identifier, this shadows the builtin dict type.

>  NT = k,range(alpha,omega)#where alpha and omega are
> previously defined as 1 and 4, respectively
>  print NT

If you don't care about the values, you should iterate directly over the 
keys - which is the default for dicts, ie:

for key in somedict:
print k

Also, by convention, ALL_CAPS names denote (pseudo) symbolic constants.

> which gives:
> ('w', [0,1,2,3])
> ('x', [0,1,2,3])
> ('y', [0,1,2,3])
> ('z', [0,1,2,3])

and by that time, NT == ('z', [0,1,2,3])

> And now I want a master dictionary like: [{'w': [0],[1],[2],[3]},
> {'x': [0]...]

This is a list of dicts, each one having a single key pointing to a 
tuple of four one-element lists. Are you *sure* this is *really* what 
you want ?

> So I try:
> 
> MT = {}

this creates an empty dict instance...

> MT.fromkeys(NT[0], range(alpha,omega))

this calls the classmethod dict.fromkeys() on the empty dict instance 
created by the previous statement, and discards the dict instance 
created by the call to fromkeys().

Also, since at this stage NT is ('z', [0,1,2,3]), NT[0] is 'z', so the 
dict created by fromkeys (and happily discarded) looked like:

{'z': [0, 1, 2, 3]}


> print MT
> 
> but this only returns:
> {}

Indeed. You defined MT as an empty dict, didn't you ?

> {}
> {}...
> 
> Anybody see what I'm doing wrong? 

Quite a lot of things actually, but the worst one is probably failing to 
  read the FineManual(tm) !-)

Assuming that you have a dict d, and want to build another dict with d 
keys and range(alpha,omega) for values, here's the solution:


alpha = 0
omega = 4

# arbitrary values, just for the exemple
d = dict(w=1, x=2, y=3, z=4)

master = dict.fromkeys(d, range(alpha, omega))

print master
=> {'y': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'x': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'z': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'w': [0, 1, 
2, 3]}

Now note that this will associate each key of master with the *same* 
list instance, so:

master['y'].append(42)
 >>> print master
{'y': [0, 1, 2, 3, 42], 'x': [0, 1, 2, 3, 42], 'z': [0, 1, 2, 3, 42], 
'w': [0, 1, 2, 3, 42]}

which is perhaps not what you want !-)

If you want distinct lists, dict.fromkeys is not the right method. You'd 
better use the default constructor, passing it a sequence of key,value 
tuples, ie:

master = dict((k, range(0,4)) for k in d)
print master
=> {'y': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'x': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'z': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'w': [0, 1, 
2, 3]}
master['y'].append(42)
print master
{'y': [0, 1, 2, 3, 42], 'x': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'z': [0, 1, 2, 3], 'w': [0, 
1, 2, 3]}


> Any advice is much appreciated.

Ok:
- read the FineManual(tm)
- learn to use the interactive Python shell
- read the FineManual(tm)
- learn to use the help feature of the interactive Python shell
- read the FineManual(tm)
- read pep08 on naming conventions
- read the FineManual(tm)

!-)

HTH
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Re: adding values to keys

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Dennis Lee Bieber a écrit :
> On Thu, 14 Feb 2008 23:55:21 -0800 (PST), Brandon
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
(snip)
>> MT.fromkeys(NT[0], range(alpha,omega))
> 
>   Note that NT is a single tuple -- your previous loop throws away the
> prior value and binds a new tuple each time. AND IT IS A TUPLE = ('z',
> [0, 1, 2, 3]), NT[0] is just "z" -- it does not have "keys" to use in
> the "fromkeys()" method.

Note that the first arg to dict.fromkeys doesn't need to have a .keys 
method - you can pass in any iterable, and even a single hashable (in 
which case your ditc will only have one key, of course).

 >>> dict.fromkeys('abc')
{'a': None, 'c': None, 'b': None}
 >>> dict.fromkeys(c for c in 'abc')
{'a': None, 'c': None, 'b': None}
 >>> dict.fromkeys((1,2,3))
{1: None, 2: None, 3: None}
 >>> dict.fromkeys('a')
{'a': None}


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How to increase the APR cache size?????

[Manikandan R]

Hai Friends,
 How can we increase the ARP cache size?
 For storing a single entry how many bytes will it takes?
 What is the default ARP cache size? (Plz mention you are
saying in bytes or in number of entries it can store)

Thank's and Regard's,
R.Manikandan.
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Re: XML pickle

[Stefan Behnel]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> I cannot tell if the above approach will solve your problem or not.
> 
> Well, declare me a persistent object.

Ok, from now on, you are a persistent object. :)


> from lxml import etree
> 
> SS= '{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet}'
> book= etree.Element( 'Workbook' )
> book.set( 'xmlns', 'urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet' )
> sheet= etree.SubElement(book, "Worksheet")
> sheet.set( SS+ 'Name', 'WSheet1' )
> table= etree.SubElement(sheet, "Table")
> row= etree.SubElement(table, "Row")
> cell1= etree.SubElement(row, "Cell")
> data1= etree.SubElement(cell1, "Data" )
> data1.set( SS+ 'Type', "Number" )
> data1.text= '123'
> cell2= etree.SubElement(row, "Cell")
> data2= etree.SubElement(cell2, "Data" )
> data2.set( SS+ 'Type', "String" )
> data2.text= 'abc'
> out= etree.tostring( book, pretty_print= True, xml_declaration=True )
> print( out )
> open( 'xl.xml', 'w' ).write( out )

http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#namespaces
http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#the-e-factory
http://codespeak.net/lxml/objectify.html#tree-generation-with-the-e-factory


> Can you use set( '{ss}Type' ) somehow?

What is 'ss' here? A prefix?

What about actually reading the tutorial?

http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#namespaces


> And any way to make this look
> closer to the original?

What's the difference you experience?

Stefan
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Re: dictionary of operators

[Robert Bossy]

A.T.Hofkamp wrote:
> On 2008-02-14, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>   
>> Hi,
>>
>> In the standard library module "operator", it would be nice to have a 
>> dictionary
>> mapping operators strings with their respective functions. Something like:
>>
>>   {
>> '+': add,
>> '-': sub,
>> 'in': contains,
>> 'and': and_,
>> 'or': or_,
>> ...
>>   }
>>
>> Does such a dictionary already exist? Is it really a good and useful idea?
>> 
>
> How would you handle changes in operator syntax?
> - I have 'add' instead of '+'
> - I have U+2208 instead of 'in'
>   
Originally I meant only the Python syntax which shouldn't change that 
much. For some operators (arith, comparison) the toy language had the 
same syntax as Python.
Btw,  U+2208 would be a wonderful token... if only it was on standard 
keyboards.

> I don't think this is generally applicable.
>   
Thinking about it, I think it is not really applicable. Mainly because 
my examples were exclusively binary operators. What would be for unary 
operators? Or enclosing operators (getitem)?

> Why don't you attach the function to the +/-/in/... token instead? Then you
> don't need the above table at all.
>   
Could be. But I prefer settling the semantic parts the furthest possible 
from the lexer. Not that I have strong arguments for that, it's religious.

Anyway, thanks for answering,
RB
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Assignment saves time?

[rpglover64]

In timing my code, which I probably screwed up, I found something
curious:
given that li=range(1000),

the code block (enclosed in braces for clarification)
{
  size=len(li)
  size==1000
}
runs slightly faster than
{
  len(li)==1000
}

I tested this using the timeit module, and though the difference was
small, I would have expected the first code block to do slightly
worse, because it has to assign the length to a variable and then call
the variable (still having to compute the length and having either one
or two additional operations to perform).

I would appreciate it if more knowledgeable coders could
a) point out why I'm wrong and show me how to test it correctly. or
b) explain why this occurs in terminology understandable to someone
who knows next to nothing about the internal workings of python.

I highly appreciate your any response I may receive.  Thank you in
advance.
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newbie question: converting csv to another dialect

[Albert-jan Roskam]

Hi all,

I have a csv file with tab as a delimiter. I want to
convert it into one that is comma delimited. I changed
the regional settings on my computer to US. 

At first I thought I could use the CSV module for
this, by reading the csv file, registering the new
(desired = comma-delimited) dialect, and writing it.

Another option (which may be easier) I tried was:
f = open('d:/temp/myfile.csv', ' rw')
for row in f:
row.replace("\t",",")

Which is a start, but doesn't do the entire job. 
Could somebody help me with this please?

Thanks very much in advance!

Albert-Jan


  

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Re: How to tell if I'm being run from a shell or a module

[Sion Arrowsmith]

Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>a) See if the __main__ module has a __file__ attribute.
>b) See if sys.stdin is a real tty

c) See if sys.argv[0] != ''

(Although this works for the command line interactive shell, I've a
suspicion it will fail with IDLE. But I don't have IDLE to hand to
check.)

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Re: newbie question: converting csv to another dialect

[Chris]

On Feb 15, 1:11 pm, Albert-jan Roskam <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have a csv file with tab as a delimiter. I want to
> convert it into one that is comma delimited. I changed
> the regional settings on my computer to US.
>
> At first I thought I could use the CSV module for
> this, by reading the csv file, registering the new
> (desired = comma-delimited) dialect, and writing it.
>
> Another option (which may be easier) I tried was:
> f = open('d:/temp/myfile.csv', ' rw')
> for row in f:
> row.replace("\t",",")
>
> Which is a start, but doesn't do the entire job.
> Could somebody help me with this please?
>
> Thanks very much in advance!
>
> Albert-Jan
>
>   
> 
> Be a better friend, newshound, and
> know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile.  Try it now.  
> http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ

easiest way would be to split and then join imo

for line in input_file:
output_file.write(','.join(line.split('\t')) )

If you decide on quote encapsulated comma-delimeted, don't forget to
add additional quotes to the start and end of the line.
Also, if you open the file in OO Calc and you choose to resave it you
can choose the delimiter.
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Re: Assignment saves time?

[Hrvoje Niksic]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

> I tested this using the timeit module, and though the difference was
> small, I would have expected the first code block to do slightly
> worse,

Can you post your entire benchmark, so that we can repeat it?  When I
tried the obvious, I got the expected result:

$ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 'len(l)==1000'
100 loops, best of 3: 0.256 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 'len(l)==1000'
100 loops, best of 3: 0.27 usec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 's=len(l); s==1000'
100 loops, best of 3: 0.287 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 's=len(l); s==1000'
100 loops, best of 3: 0.299 usec per loop
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Regarding Python.h

[Raj kumar]

Hi to all,
I'm new to Python.
I am using python2.4.
I have one application written in c language in which it includes python like

#include "Python.h"

But when i try to install it, i'm getting an error like
Python.h: No such file or directory
I feel gcc is unable to get the path for Python.h
What should i do to get rid of this problem. If i have to add any path pls give 
me details of how to do that.
Thanks in advance.




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Re: Regarding Python.h

[Christian Heimes]

Raj kumar wrote:
> Hi to all,
> I'm new to Python.
> I am using python2.4.
> I have one application written in c language in which it includes python like
> 
> #include "Python.h"
> 
> But when i try to install it, i'm getting an error like
> Python.h: No such file or directory
> I feel gcc is unable to get the path for Python.h
> What should i do to get rid of this problem. If i have to add any path pls 
> give me details of how to do that.

Most distributions don't install the Python development files. You have
to install a package named python-devel or python2.4-dev.

Christian

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Re: Is there a way to use .NET DLL from Python

[Luis M. González]

On Feb 14, 6:26 pm, Fuzzyman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Feb 13, 6:58 pm, "Luis M. González" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > On 13 feb, 00:26, Dino Viehland <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > > >> Oh, I know what you mean.
> > > >> But that was exactly the reason for having a .DLLs folder, isn't it?
> > > >> When you place an assembly into this folder, you avoid having to write
> > > >> this boilerplate code, and simply import the assembly as you would
> > > >> with a normal python module. At least, that´s how it worked in
> > > >> previous versions...
> > > >No. You have always had to add references to assemblies before being
> > > >able to use the namespaces they contain. You even have to do this with
> > > >C# in Visual Studio.
>
> > > This *should* work in bothIronPython1.x and IronPyton 2.0 - the catch 
> > > though is that it's implemented in the default site.py we ship with.  So 
> > > if you do the usual thing and use CPython's Lib directory you'll lose 
> > > this feature w/o copying it over.
>
> > Sorry Dino, I don't understand...
> > What does Cpython's Lib have to do with it?
>
> If you have the CPython standard library in your IRONPYTHONPATH, then
> when IronPython does it's normal 'import site' on startup the CPython
> one will be used instead of the default IronPython one...
>
> Michael Foordhttp://www.manning.com/foord

I see. Thank you!

Luis
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Re: newbie question: converting csv to another dialect

[Bruno Desthuilliers]

Albert-jan Roskam a écrit :
> Hi all,
> 
> I have a csv file with tab as a delimiter. I want to
> convert it into one that is comma delimited. I changed
> the regional settings on my computer to US. 
> 
> At first I thought I could use the CSV module for
> this, by reading the csv file, registering the new
> (desired = comma-delimited) dialect, and writing it.

That's what I'd do indeed.

> Another option (which may be easier)

Hum... Depends on the effective csv dialect used. So-called csv files 
are not necessarily trivial to handle properly.

> I tried was:
> f = open('d:/temp/myfile.csv', ' rw')
> for row in f:
> row.replace("\t",",")


> Which is a start, but doesn't do the entire job. 

// without proper error handling
source = '/path/to/source.csv'
dest = source + '.new'

fin = open(source, 'r')
fout = open(dest, 'w')

for row in source:
   // let's hope there's no ',' anywhere in source...
   fout.write(row.replace("\t", ","))

fin.close()
fout.close()
os.rename(dest, source)

> Could somebody help me with this please?

yes : forget the above code and use the csv module.

HTH
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Re: Assignment saves time?

[cokofreedom]

> $ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 'len(l)==1000'
> 100 loops, best of 3: 0.256 usec per loop
> $ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 'len(l)==1000'
> 100 loops, best of 3: 0.27 usec per loop
>
> $ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 's=len(l); s==1000'
> 100 loops, best of 3: 0.287 usec per loop
> $ python -m timeit -s 'l=[]' 's=len(l); s==1000'
> 100 loops, best of 3: 0.299 usec per loop

More results pretty much agree with yours:

C:\Python25>python -m timeit -s 'l=range(1000)' 'len(l)==1000'
1000 loops, best of 3: 0.0235 usec per loop

C:\Python25>python -m timeit -s 'l=range(1000)' 'len(l)==1000'
1000 loops, best of 3: 0.0245 usec per loop

C:\Python25>python -m timeit -s 'l=range(1000)' 's=len(l)' 's==1000'
1000 loops, best of 3: 0.0383 usec per loop

C:\Python25>python -m timeit -s 'l=range(1000)' 's=len(l)' 's==1000'
1000 loops, best of 3: 0.038 usec per loop
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Re: copying files through Python

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

On Feb 13, 10:50 pm, Lalit <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> I need to write a program which would transfer files under one folder
> structure (there are sub folders) to single folder.



find /fromdir -exec mv {} /todir \; -print



Pete
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Re: Error messages when using the Console Module

[Christian Heimes]

peter wrote:
> I am developing code using the effbot Console module, which gives
> control over the Windows terminal settings.  My problem is that while
> this module redirects standard output to a new console window, it
> seems to redirect standard error messages to a black hole.  So when my
> new code fails, I have no error messages to assist in diagnosing the
> problem.  At times I have been reduced to writing new code a line at a
> time!

Windows GUI apps don't have valid standard streams. stdin, stdout and
stderr aren't connected and their fileno is -1. I guess you have to
connect the streams manually when you create a console window. C code
can use freopen() but I don't know how to properly redirect the streams
from Python.

MSDN has probably some docs for you.

Christian

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Error messages when using the Console Module

[peter]

I am developing code using the effbot Console module, which gives
control over the Windows terminal settings.  My problem is that while
this module redirects standard output to a new console window, it
seems to redirect standard error messages to a black hole.  So when my
new code fails, I have no error messages to assist in diagnosing the
problem.  At times I have been reduced to writing new code a line at a
time!

I'm sure there is an easy solution to this problem, but googling has
yet to reveal it.  Can anyone help?

Peter
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Re: copying files through Python

[James Matthews]

Basically copying a file is reading a character or string from one file and
writing it to the other.

On Fri, Feb 15, 2008 at 3:06 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:

> On Feb 13, 10:50 pm, Lalit <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > I need to write a program which would transfer files under one folder
> > structure (there are sub folders) to single folder.
>
> 
>
> find /fromdir -exec mv {} /todir \; -print
>
> 
>
> Pete
> --
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>



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Re: RELEASED Python 2.5.2, release candidate 1

[Luis M. González]

On 14 feb, 22:39, Paul Rubin  wrote:
> I join everyone else in thanking Martin for his work on this whole
> effort.  This wording and naming thing is a trivial subtopic.

Thanks Martin and company for the good job!
By the way, I'm not a native speaker either and I understood perfectly
the meaning of your post.

Luis
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Re: a question in python curses modules

[Sion Arrowsmith]

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>When the interpreter shuts down it has to remove objects.  Everything you
>need in a `__del__()` method must be referenced by that object to be sure
>that it is still there and not already garbage collected.  *But* it's not
>guaranteed that `__del__()` is called at all!

This may be true, but it's not really the point here, since clearly
__del__() *is* being called, otherwise how would the OP know that
curses was None in it?

What's relevant is the consequences of the first two sentences. As
the interpreter shuts down, it removes objects *and you don't know
what order it's going to do that in*. So what is happening here is
that first the curses module is being removed (and the name "curses"
bound to None instead), and then the CursesObject instance is
removed, which causes its __del__ to be called with curses == None.

-- 
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-- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu becomeþ se bera eadward ofdun hlæddre heafdes bæce bump bump bump
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PYTHON 2.4 PROGRAMMER NEEDED (Direct Client)

[sarosh]

Friends ,

I need a Python Developer

Please send resume with rate and contact details to
[EMAIL PROTECTED]




Duration : Long Term

Location: NYC

Interview : Immediately

Rate: open



Experience with:



Required Skills:



Python 2.4 or greater

Twisted Matrix 2.5

Object Oriented Programming

Threaded and Asynchronous Programming

Experience with XML-RPC

Must demonstrate knowledge and use of Design Patterns.



Secondary Skills:

Must have excellent verbal and written skills.

BS or better degree in Computer Science





Thanks & Regards

Sarosh Varghese
Infinity Tech Group
201 621 5802
201 490 5315
201 489 3500
201 489 2039 (fax)
Email - [EMAIL PROTECTED]
www.infigroup.com
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Re: adding values to keys

[Steve Holden]

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Thu, 14 Feb 2008 23:55:21 -0800 (PST), Brandon
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
>> Hi all,
>>
>> I'm not sure if I'm calling the right method in a dictionary.  I have:
>>
>> for k,v in dict.items():
> 
>   Don't call your dictionary "dict" -- that overloads the builtin
> function...
> 
Allow me to pick a nit here: dict is a type, not a function (though as 
you clearly know, it's callable).

>>  NT = k,range(alpha,omega)#where alpha and omega are
> 
>   What are you doing with the "v"... If all you need is the key, then
> don't use the .items() method.
> 
>> previously defined as 1 and 4, respectively
>>  print NT
>>
>> which gives:
>> ('w', [0,1,2,3])
>> ('x', [0,1,2,3])
>> ('y', [0,1,2,3])
>> ('z', [0,1,2,3])
>>
>> And now I want a master dictionary like: [{'w': [0],[1],[2],[3]},

Do you want some variation on one of the following?

 >>> dct = {
...   'w': "something",
...   'z': "something else",
...   'x': "doesn't really matter",
...   'y': "because the values aren't used"
... }
 >>> mylst = [ [k, [[x] for x in range(4)]] for k in dct]
 >>> mylst
[['y', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]], ['x', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]], ['z', [[0], 
[1], [2], [3]]], ['w', [[0], [1], [2], [3
 >>> from pprint import pprint
 >>> pprint(tuple(mylst))
(['y', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]],
  ['x', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]],
  ['z', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]],
  ['w', [[0], [1], [2], [3]]])
 >>> pprint(dict(mylst))
{'w': [[0], [1], [2], [3]],
  'x': [[0], [1], [2], [3]],
  'y': [[0], [1], [2], [3]],
  'z': [[0], [1], [2], [3]]}
 >>>

>   That is already impossible to achieve... you've specified four
> 1-element lists without packaging them into either a list or tuple of
> their own.
> 
>> {'x': [0]...]
>>
>> So I try:
>>
>> MT = {}
>> MT.fromkeys(NT[0], range(alpha,omega))
> 
>   Note that NT is a single tuple -- your previous loop throws away the
> prior value and binds a new tuple each time. AND IT IS A TUPLE = ('z',
> [0, 1, 2, 3]), NT[0] is just "z" -- it does not have "keys" to use in
> the "fromkeys()" method.
> 
>> print MT
>>
>> but this only returns:
>> {}
>> {}
>> {}...
>>
>> Anybody see what I'm doing wrong?  Any advice is much appreciated.
>>
Well, one of the things you are doing wring is failing to specify your 
problem fully, but that's pretty normal for people overwhelmed by trying 
to come to terms with early programming tasks: I assume you'll learn 
better in time :-)
> 
>   Show us code that can be executed -- even if it doesn't produce the
> results you expect -- as the snippets you gave can't be run as is...
> 
> 
 adict = { "x" : "something",
> ...   "y" : "else",
> ...   "z" : "entirely"}
 bdict = adict.fromkeys(["y", "x"], range(3))
 print bdict
> {'y': [0, 1, 2], 'x': [0, 1, 2]}
> 
>   Note that you don't even need "adict" for that...
> 
 bdict = {}.fromkeys(["y", "x"], range(3))
 print bdict
> {'y': [0, 1, 2], 'x': [0, 1, 2]}
> 
 cdict = {}.fromkeys(adict.keys(), "Lookie Here!!!")
 print cdict
> {'y': 'Lookie Here!!!', 'x': 'Lookie Here!!!', 'z': 'Lookie Here!!!'}
> 
>   Do any of the above give any enlightenment?
> 
trying-to-help-ly y'rs  - steve
-- 
Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266   +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC  http://www.holdenweb.com/

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Re: Turtle graphics speed(). Seems broken

[Stefan Behnel]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> I think the speed function may be broken from the turtle graphics
> package
> 
> 
> "from turtle import *
> 
> speed('fastest')
> 
> forward(50)"
> 
> 
> I have tried all of the different speed settings, but I get no change
> in the turtle's speed does anyone know how to fix this?

Use "xturtle"? :)

http://ada.rg16.asn-wien.ac.at/~python/xturtle/

Stefan
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RELEASED zif.sedna 0.9 beta2

[Jim Washington]

zif.sedna provides python access to the very cool XML database, Sedna, 
available at http://modis.ispras.ru/sedna/, under Apache 2.0 license.

It's not about kool-aid or sit-ups.  It's another option for storing, 
modifying, and retrieving hierarchical data.

zif.sedna is available from the Python Package Index.

zif.sedna provides a dbapi-like interface (connections and cursors).

zif.sedna provides a database adapter for Zope(3) and now has preliminary 
instructions for use with pylons.

Sedna is a product of the Sedna Team at the Institute for System 
Programming, Russian Academy of Sciences .

zif.sedna is just an adapter package.

-Jim Washington
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Turtle graphics speed(). Seems broken

[Alexander . Oot]

I think the speed function may be broken from the turtle graphics
package


"from turtle import *

speed('fastest')

forward(50)"


I have tried all of the different speed settings, but I get no change
in the turtle's speed does anyone know how to fix this?
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Pop-up Menu of a Graphics Image?

[W. Watson]

Is there a library that contains a pop-up menu class from a mouse click on a 
graphics image?
-- 
  Wayne Watson (Nevada City, CA)

Web Page: 
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Re: Pop-up Menu of a Graphics Image?

[Jon "Fluffy" Saul]

On Fri, Feb 15, 2008 at 9:55 AM, W. Watson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Is there a library that contains a pop-up menu class from a mouse click on a
>  graphics image?
>  --
>   Wayne Watson (Nevada City, CA)
>
> Web Page: 
>  --
>  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
What exactly do you mean by "library that contains a pop-up menu class from a
mouse click on a graphics image"
If I deciphered the sentence correctly, then TKinter, win32 and GTK API's can do
what you want.
Probably others too.

-- 
Push the envelope. Watch it bend.
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Solve a Debate

[nexes]

Alright so me and my friend are having argument.

Ok the problem we had been asked a while back, to do a programming
exercise (in college)
That would tell you how many days there are in a month given a
specific month.

Ok I did my like this (just pseudo):

If month = 1 or 3 or etc 
noDays = 31
Elseif month = 4 or 6 etc 
noDays = 30
Else
noDays = 29
(we didn't have to take into account a leap year)

He declared an array and assigned the number of days in a month to its
own element in an array. Now
I realise that in this example it would not make a difference in terms
of efficiency, but it is my belief that if
there is more data that needed to be assigned(i.e. a couple megs of
data) it would be simpler (and more efficient) to
do a compare rather then assigning all that data to an array, since
you are only going to be using 1 value and the rest
of the data in the array is useless.

What are everyone else's thoughts on this?
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Accessing Oracle/Access database py2.4

[Ahmed, Shakir]

I was used import odbc  to connect oracle or access table before, now I
switched to python 2.4 and is giving me error message. I appreciate any
help on that. 

 

Thanks

sh

 

 

 

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Re: copying files through Python

[Jeff Schwab]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On Feb 13, 10:50 pm, Lalit <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
>> I need to write a program which would transfer files under one folder
>> structure (there are sub folders) to single folder.
> 
> 
> 
> find /fromdir -exec mv {} /todir \; -print
> 
> 

-type f
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Re: Looking for a Python Program/Tool That Will Add Line Numbers to a txt File

[Steve Holden]

W. Watson wrote:
> Thanks. I found this to work:
> 
> input_file=open('junkin.txt','r')
> output_file=open('junkout.txt','w')
> for (line_cnt, each_line) in enumerate(input_file):
>  output_file.write('%4d '%(line_cnt+1)+each_line)

You can improve this slightly by using string formatting more fully:

 output_file.write("%4d %s" % (line_ct+1, each_line))

> output_file.close()
> input_file.close()
> 
regards
  Steve
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Holden Web LLC  http://www.holdenweb.com/

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Re: How do I execute a command from within python and wait on that command?

[Rafael Sachetto]

os.system(command)

or

proc = popen2.Popen3(command)
proc.wait()

2008/2/15, black_13 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> how do i exec a command (such as xcopy) from with win32 python and
>  wait on that command
>  to come to completion? and also cleanly terminate the command shell?
>  thanks
>  black_13
>
> --
>  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
Rafael Sachetto Oliveira

Sir - Simple Image Resizer
http://rsachetto.googlepages.com
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linux disc space

[DataSmash]

I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
Thanks for your help!
R.D.
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Re: How to increase the APR cache size?????

[Steve Holden]

Manikandan R wrote:
> Hai Friends,
>  How can we increase the ARP cache size?

Why do you want to? The answer is operating-system-specific anyway.

>  For storing a single entry how many bytes will it takes?

The answer is operating-system-specific. Why is this important to you?

>  What is the default ARP cache size? (Plz mention you 
> are saying in bytes or in number of entries it can store)
> 
The answer is operating-system-specific.

> Thank's and Regard's,
> R.Manikandan.
> 
I fail to see what this has to do with Python. Did I stumble into 
alt.random.questions by mistake?

regards
  Steve
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Holden Web LLC  http://www.holdenweb.com/

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Re: Solve a Debate

[Tim Chase]

> Ok the problem we had been asked a while back, to do a programming
> exercise (in college)
> That would tell you how many days there are in a month given a
> specific month.
> 
> Ok I did my like this (just pseudo):
> 
> If month = 1 or 3 or etc 
> noDays = 31
> Elseif month = 4 or 6 etc 
> noDays = 30
> Else
> noDays = 29
> (we didn't have to take into account a leap year)
> 
> He declared an array and assigned the number of days in a month to its
> own element in an array. Now
> I realise that in this example it would not make a difference in terms
> of efficiency, but it is my belief that if
> there is more data that needed to be assigned(i.e. a couple megs of
> data) it would be simpler (and more efficient) to
> do a compare rather then assigning all that data to an array, since
> you are only going to be using 1 value and the rest
> of the data in the array is useless.
> 
> What are everyone else's thoughts on this?

Well, the standard library offers its opinion:

  >>> import calendar
  >>> calendar.mdays
  [0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
  >>> month = 2
  >>> calendar.mdays[month]
  28

If you want the actual number of days, taking leap-years into
consideration

  >>> calendar.monthrange(2008,2)[1]
  29
  >>> calendar.monthrange(2007,2)[1]
  28

So the answer is "mu"...let Python do the work for you :)

-tkc




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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2008-02-15, Mark Dickinson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>> If you're doing such serious number-crunching that you really
>> want to handle NANs, you're probably not writing in Python
>> anyway.

I disagree completely.  I do a lot of number crunching in
Python where I want IEEE NaN and Inf behavior.  Speed is a
completely orthogonal issue.

> If you're worried about speed, then I agree you probably
> shouldn't be writing in Python.

Even if you are worried about speed, using tools like like
numpy can do some pretty cool stuff.

> But I can imagine there are use-cases for nonstop arithmetic
> with nans and infs where speed isn't the topmost concern.

Frankly, I don't see that speed has anything to do with it at
all.  I use Python for number-crunching because it's easy to
program in.  When people complain about not getting the right
results, replying with "if you want something fast, don't use
Python" makes no sense.

-- 
Grant Edwards   grante Yow! I put aside my copy
  at   of "BOWLING WORLD" and
   visi.comthink about GUN CONTROL
   legislation...
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Re: Solve a Debate

[Quentin Gallet-Gilles]

If the data becomes much bigger, change your way of storing it, not the
code. You don't want to code hundreds of "if - elif - else" because you have
hundreds of different data, right ? TheDailyWTF is full of horror stories
like this, by the way ;-)
Data growth shouldn't result in modification in logic code.

Also I find that avoiding conditionals is always a win. That's in the spirit
of the pythonic way of removing what would be an if-elif chain (or a switch
statement in another language) by a dict-based dispatch.

Returning to your month exercise... Since "code is data", assigning the
numbers of days or comparing the month number in if statements is basically
the same. In the end, you have twelve different values stored in one way or
another in your program and loaded in RAM at execution time.

Therefore, I find the array solution (or whatever storage you wish to use)
better by all counts.

Cheers,
Quentin

On Fri, Feb 15, 2008 at 5:24 PM, nexes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Alright so me and my friend are having argument.
>
> Ok the problem we had been asked a while back, to do a programming
> exercise (in college)
> That would tell you how many days there are in a month given a
> specific month.
>
> Ok I did my like this (just pseudo):
>
> If month = 1 or 3 or etc 
>noDays = 31
> Elseif month = 4 or 6 etc 
>noDays = 30
> Else
>noDays = 29
> (we didn't have to take into account a leap year)
>
> He declared an array and assigned the number of days in a month to its
> own element in an array. Now
> I realise that in this example it would not make a difference in terms
> of efficiency, but it is my belief that if
> there is more data that needed to be assigned(i.e. a couple megs of
> data) it would be simpler (and more efficient) to
> do a compare rather then assigning all that data to an array, since
> you are only going to be using 1 value and the rest
> of the data in the array is useless.
>
> What are everyone else's thoughts on this?
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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Re: How do I execute a command from within python and wait on that command?

[Matt Nordhoff]

Rafael Sachetto wrote:
> os.system(command)
> 
> or
> 
> proc = popen2.Popen3(command)
> proc.wait()

I don't know about "cleanly terminat[ing] the command shell", but you
should use the subprocess module now, not any of the other functions
scattered around.
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Re: Floating point bug?

[Zentrader]

I disagree with this statement
But that doesn't change the fact that it will expose the same
rounding-errors as floats do - just for different numbers. 
The example used has no rounding errors.  For anything less that 28
significant digits it rounds to 1.0.  With floats 1.0/3 yields
0.1<-- on my machine.  Also you can compare two
decimal.Decimal() objects for equality.  With floats you have to test
for a difference less than some small value.  BTW, a college professor
who also wrote code for a living made this offhand remark "In general
it is best to multiply first and then divide."  Good general advice.
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Re: Looking for a Python Program/Tool That Will Add Line Numbers to a txt File

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

> See Subject. It's a simple txt file, each line is a Python stmt, but I need
> up to four digits added to each line with a space between the number field
> and the text. Perhaps someone has already done this or there's a source on
> the web for it. I'm not yet into files with Python. A sudden need has burst
> upon me. I'm using Win XP.

I'm not sure why you need the line numbers inserted into the file.
Alot of
editors will display and print line numbers.

My Visual Studio IDE displays file line numbers (it's an option) and
prints
them.  I believe there's a free Express Edition that you can download.

Also, check out http://www.textpad.com/ .  I think you can download an
evaluation copy.

HTH
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Steve Holden]

Mark Dickinson wrote:
> On Feb 14, 11:09 pm, John Nagle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>  You also need to think about how conditionals interact with
>> quiet NANs.  Properly, comparisons like ">" have three possibilities:
> 
> True.  There was a recent change to Decimal to make comparisons (other
> than !=, ==) with NaNs do the "right thing":  that is, raise a Python
> exception, unless the Invalid flag is not trapped, in which case they
> return False (and also raise the Invalid flag).  I imagine something
> similar would make sense for floats.
> 
>> True, False, and "raise".  Many implementations don't do that well,
>> which means that you lose trichotomy.  "==" has issues; properly,
>> "+INF" is not equal to itself.
> 
> I don't understand:  why would +INF not be equal to itself?  Having
> INF == INF be True seems like something that makes sense both
> mathematically and computationally.
>  [...]

There are an uncountable number of infinities, all different.

regards
  Steve
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Re: XML pickle

[castironpi]

On Feb 15, 12:07 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On Feb 15, 11:10 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > > > Can you use set( '{ss}Type' ) somehow?
>
> > > What is 'ss' here? A prefix?
>
> > > What about actually reading the tutorial?
>
> > >http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#namespaces
>
> > > > And any way to make this look
> > > > closer to the original?
>
> > > What's the difference you experience?
>
> Something else that crept up is:
>
> 
> 
>   
>   
>   
>     
>   
> 
>
> Which xmlns:ns1 gets "redefined" because I just didn't figure out how
> get xmlns:ns0 definition into the Workbook tag.  But too bad for me.

In Economics, they call it "Economy to Scale"- the effect, and the
point, and past it, where the cost to produce N goods on a supply
curve on which 0 goods costs 0 exceeds that on one on which 0 goods
costs more than 0: the opposite of diminishing returns.  Does the
benefit of encapsulating the specifics of the XML file, including the
practice, exceed the cost of it?

For an only slightly more complex result, the encapsulated version is
presented; and the hand-coded, unencapsulated one is left as an
exercise to the reader.

book= Workbook()
sheet= Worksheet( book, 'WSheet1' )
table= Table( sheet )
row= Row( table, index= '2' )
style= Style( book, bold= True )
celli= Cell( row, styleid= style )
datai= Data( celli, 'Number', '123' )
cellj= Cell( row )
dataj= Data( cellj, 'String', 'abc' )

46 lines of infrastructure, moderately packed.  Note that:

etree.XML( etree.tostring( book ) )

succeeds.
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Re: What's "the standard" for code docs?

[Torsten Bronger]

Hallöchen!

Preston  Landers writes:

> [...]
>
> I've been using effbot's PythonDoc for a while, but it seems like
> "the new standard" (if there is one) is docutils and restructured
> text (ReST.)  Is that accurate?

In my opinion this is true.  And with Epydoc being the best tool for
generating documentation from the source code, Epydoc+reST is the
way to go.

Tschö,
Torsten.

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Re: XML pickle

[castironpi]

> > Can you use set( '{ss}Type' ) somehow?
>
> What is 'ss' here? A prefix?
>
> What about actually reading the tutorial?
>
> http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#namespaces
>
> > And any way to make this look
> > closer to the original?
>
> What's the difference you experience?

Target:



 
  
   
abc
123
   
  
 


It helped get me the working one, actually-- the tutorial.  'ss' is,
and I don't know the jargon for it, a local variable, or namespace
variable, prefix?, or something. xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-
com:office:spreadsheet".  The ElementMaker example is closest, I
think, but it's working, so, ...

I'm more interested in a simplification of the construction code, and
at this point I can get goofy and brainstorm.  Ideas?




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Re: Accessing Oracle/Access database py2.4

[M.-A. Lemburg]

On 2008-02-15 17:06, Ahmed, Shakir wrote:
> I was used import odbc  to connect oracle or access table before, now I
> switched to python 2.4 and is giving me error message. I appreciate any
> help on that. 

The win32 odbc module is very old and no longer maintained.

If you're looking for a reliable ODBC module, please have a
look at our mxODBC package for Python:

http://www.egenix.com/products/python/mxODBC/

Thanks,
-- 
Marc-Andre Lemburg
eGenix.com

Professional Python Services directly from the Source  (#1, Feb 15 2008)
>>> Python/Zope Consulting and Support ...http://www.egenix.com/
>>> mxODBC.Zope.Database.Adapter ... http://zope.egenix.com/
>>> mxODBC, mxDateTime, mxTextTools ...http://python.egenix.com/


 Try mxODBC.Zope.DA for Windows,Linux,Solaris,MacOSX for free ! 


   eGenix.com Software, Skills and Services GmbH  Pastor-Loeh-Str.48
D-40764 Langenfeld, Germany. CEO Dipl.-Math. Marc-Andre Lemburg
   Registered at Amtsgericht Duesseldorf: HRB 46611
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Re: QOTW: Re: dream hardware

[Jeff Schwab]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On Feb 14, 10:50 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Aahz) wrote:
>> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>> Steven D'Aprano  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>
>>> On Tue, 12 Feb 2008 10:05:59 -0800, castironpi wrote:
 What is dream hardware for the Python interpreter?
>>> I'm not sure that the Python interpreter actually does dream, but if it's
>>> anything like me, it's probably a giant computer the size of a bus, made
>>> out of broccoli and oven-roasted garlic, that suddenly turns into
>>> Sylvester Stallone in a tutu just before my program returns its result.
>> IHNTA, IJWTSA
> 
> IJWTW?  Anyone set up to profile CPython?... or step through?

I give up.  Is there a phrasebook somewhere, or do I need to hire an 
interpreter?

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returning regex matches as lists

[Jonathan Lukens]

I am in the last phase of building a Django app based on something I
wrote in Java a while back.  Right now I am stuck on how to return the
matches of a regular expression as a list *at all*, and in particular
given that the regex has a number of groupings.  The only method I've
seen that returns a list is .findall(string), but then I get back the
groups as tuples, which is sort of a problem.

Thank you,
Jonathan
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Re: What's "the standard" for code docs?

[Jeff Schwab]

Preston Landers wrote:
> Hey guys and gals.  What are all the cool kids using these days to
> document their code?  My goal is to create in-line documentation of
> each package/module/class/method and create some semi-nice looking (or
> at least usable) packaged documentation from it, in HTML and/or PDF
> format.
> 
> I've been using effbot's PythonDoc for a while, but it seems like "the
> new standard" (if there is one) is docutils and restructured text
> (ReST.)  Is that accurate?
> 
> Just from glancing at some samples of ReST the actual format looks
> much easier to work with in "plain text" in the text editor.
> PythonDoc has not been very popular with my team due to its HTML-ish
> nature and I think ReST will gain more acceptance.  Of course I don't
> want to bother making the jump from PythonDoc to docutils if that
> project is somehow a dead end.

Currently using doxygen.
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Re: linux disc space

[Chris]

On Feb 15, 7:10 pm, DataSmash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
> can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
> k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
> I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
> any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
> Thanks for your help!
> R.D.

import os, statvfs
s = os.statvfs(".")
freebytes = s[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * s[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]

HTH,
Chris
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Re: linux disc space

[DataSmash]

On Feb 15, 1:32 pm, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Chris wrote:
> > On Feb 15, 7:10 pm, DataSmash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >> I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
> >> can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
> >> k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
> >> I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
> >> any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
> >> Thanks for your help!
> >> R.D.
>
> > import os, statvfs
> > s = os.statvfs(".")
> > freebytes = s[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * s[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]
>
> Is it worth distinguishing free bytes from available bytes?  I've never
> seen them differ, and I'm not sure how they ever would...
>
>  import os
>  import statvfs
>
>  def free_bytes(path):
>  stats = os.statvfs(path)
>  return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BFREE]
>
>  def avail_bytes(path):
>  stats = os.statvfs(path)
>  return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]
>
>  if __name__ == '__main__':
>  import sys
>  for path in sys.argv[1:]:
>  print "%s:" % path,
>  print "%dK free," % (free_bytes(path) / 1024),
>  print "%dK available" % (avail_bytes(path) / 1024)


Chris,
Much thanks.  That's just what I need.

Jeff,
Not sure what's taking up the "available" space, but it's about 12GB
on my system.
Interesting.

Thanks.
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Carl Banks]

On Feb 14, 11:09 pm, John Nagle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>  You also need to think about how conditionals interact with
> quiet NANs.  Properly, comparisons like ">" have three possibilities:
> True, False, and "raise".  Many implementations don't do that well,
> which means that you lose trichotomy.  "==" has issues; properly,
> "+INF" is not equal to itself.

I'm pretty sure it is.  It certainly is on my machine at the moment:

>>> float(3e300*3e300) == float(2e300*4e300)
True

Are you confusing INF with NAN, which is specified to be not equal to
itself (and, IIRC, is the only thing specified to be not equal to
itself, such that one way to test for NAN is x!=x).


>  For Python, I'd suggest throwing a Python exception on all errors
> recognized by the FPU, except maybe underflow.  If you're doing
> such serious number-crunching that you really want to handle NANs,
> you're probably not writing in Python anyway.

Even if that were entirely true, there are cases where (for example)
you're using Python to glue together numerical routines in C, but you
need to do some preliminary calculations in Python (where there's no
edit/compile/run cycle but there is slicing and array ops), but want
the same floating point behavior.

IEEE conformance is not an unreasonable thing to ask for, and "you
should be using something else" isn't a good answer to "why not?".


Carl Banks
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Re: Pop-up Menu of a Graphics Image?

[W. Watson]

I want to allow a user who is looking at a graphic to be able to right-click 
on the graphic to produce a menu of choices.

Does the PIL have something, a class or whatever? What in Tkinter would be 
useful for this purpose? GTK?

Jon "Fluffy" Saul wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 15, 2008 at 9:55 AM, W. Watson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> Is there a library that contains a pop-up menu class from a mouse click on a
>>  graphics image?
>>  --
>>   Wayne Watson (Nevada City, CA)
>>
>> Web Page: 
>>  --
>>  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>
> What exactly do you mean by "library that contains a pop-up menu class from a
> mouse click on a graphics image"
> If I deciphered the sentence correctly, then TKinter, win32 and GTK API's can 
> do
> what you want.
> Probably others too.
> 

-- 
  Wayne Watson (Nevada City, CA)

Web Page: 
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Jeff Schwab]

Steve Holden wrote:
> Mark Dickinson wrote:
>> On Feb 14, 11:09 pm, John Nagle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>  You also need to think about how conditionals interact with
>>> quiet NANs.  Properly, comparisons like ">" have three possibilities:
>>
>> True.  There was a recent change to Decimal to make comparisons (other
>> than !=, ==) with NaNs do the "right thing":  that is, raise a Python
>> exception, unless the Invalid flag is not trapped, in which case they
>> return False (and also raise the Invalid flag).  I imagine something
>> similar would make sense for floats.
>>
>>> True, False, and "raise".  Many implementations don't do that well,
>>> which means that you lose trichotomy.  "==" has issues; properly,
>>> "+INF" is not equal to itself.
>>
>> I don't understand:  why would +INF not be equal to itself?  Having
>> INF == INF be True seems like something that makes sense both
>> mathematically and computationally.
>>  [...]
> 
> There are an uncountable number of infinities, all different.

+ALEPH0?
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Re: linux disc space

[Jeff Schwab]

Chris wrote:
> On Feb 15, 7:10 pm, DataSmash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
>> can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
>> k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
>> I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
>> any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
>> Thanks for your help!
>> R.D.
> 
> import os, statvfs
> s = os.statvfs(".")
> freebytes = s[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * s[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]

Is it worth distinguishing free bytes from available bytes?  I've never 
seen them differ, and I'm not sure how they ever would...

 import os
 import statvfs

 def free_bytes(path):
 stats = os.statvfs(path)
 return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BFREE]

 def avail_bytes(path):
 stats = os.statvfs(path)
 return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]

 if __name__ == '__main__':
 import sys
 for path in sys.argv[1:]:
 print "%s:" % path,
 print "%dK free," % (free_bytes(path) / 1024),
 print "%dK available" % (avail_bytes(path) / 1024)
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Re: mmap and shared memory

[Ryan Smith-Roberts]

On Feb 11, 3:41 pm, Matias Surdi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Suppose I've a process P1, which generates itself a lot of data , for
> example 2Mb.
> Then, I've a process P2 which must access P1 shared memory and,
> probably, modify this data.
> To accomplish this, I've been digging around python's mmap module, but I
> can't figure how to use it without files.
>
> Could anybody explain me how could this be accomplished? An example will
> be very appreciated. Thanks a lot for your help.

A non-portable solution, for modern Linux systems, is to create and
mmap a file in the /dev/shm directory.  This is a more "unix-y"
solution than the SysV SHM interface mentioned elsewhere in the
thread, since it gives you files you can cat, ls, chown, etc.  Files
created in this directory may hit swap, but don't consume normal disk
space.
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Re: XML pickle

[castironpi]

> In Economics, they call it "Economy to Scale"- the effect, and the
> point, and past it, where the cost to produce N goods on a supply
> curve on which 0 goods costs 0 exceeds that on one on which 0 goods
> costs more than 0: the opposite of diminishing returns.  Does the
> benefit of encapsulating the specifics of the XML file, including the
> practice, exceed the cost of it?

And for all the management out there, yes.  As soon as possible does
mean as crappy as possible.  Extra is extra.  Assume the sooner the
crappier and the theorem follows.  (Now, corroborate the premise...)

P.S.  Gluttony is American too.
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Re: returning regex matches as lists

[Jonathan Lukens]

> What would you like to see instead?

I had mostly just expected that there was some method that would
return each entire match as an item on a list.  I have this pattern:

>>> import re
>>> corporate_names = 
>>> re.compile(u'(?u)\\b([А-Я]{2,}\\s+)([<<"][а-яА-Я]+)(\\s*-?[а-яА-Я]+)*([>>"])')
>>> terms = corporate_names.findall(sourcetext)

Which matches a specific way that Russian company names are
formatted.  I was expecting a method that would return this:

>>> terms
[u'string one', u'string two', u'string three']

...mostly because I was working it this way in Java and haven't
learned to do things the Python way yet.  At the suggestion from
someone on the list, I just used list() on all the tuples like so:

>>> detupled_terms = [list(term_tuple) for term_tuple in terms]
>>> delisted_terms = [''.join(term_list) for term_list in detupled_terms]

which achieves the desired result, but I am not a programmer and so I
would still be interested to know if there is a more elegant way of
doing this.

I appreciate the help.

Jonathan
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Mark Dickinson]

On Feb 15, 2:35 pm, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> There are an uncountable number of infinities, all different.

If you're talking about infinite cardinals or ordinals in set theory,
then yes.  But that hardly seems relevant to using floating-point as a
model for the doubly extended real line, which has exactly two
infinities.

Mark
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Re: linux disc space

[Matthew Woodcraft]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Jeff Schwab  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Available space is how much you can actually access as a non-root user. 
>   Apparently (thank you Jean-Paul), space can be reserved for superuser 
> use only; such space is "free," but not "available."

> I'm not sure how superuser-only space would be reserved in the first 
> place.  I don't see anything relevant in the fdisk man page.

Look at mkfs.

-M-

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Re: linux disc space

[Jean-Paul Calderone]

On Fri, 15 Feb 2008 11:32:09 -0800, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Chris wrote:
>> On Feb 15, 7:10 pm, DataSmash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>> I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
>>> can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
>>> k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
>>> I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
>>> any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
>>> Thanks for your help!
>>> R.D.
>>
>> import os, statvfs
>> s = os.statvfs(".")
>> freebytes = s[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * s[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]
>
>Is it worth distinguishing free bytes from available bytes?  I've never
>seen them differ, and I'm not sure how they ever would...
>
> [snip]
> 
/: 27723000K free, 15817232K available

It's common for some space to be reserved and only usable by the superuser.

Jean-Paul
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Re: Help Parsing an HTML File

[Mike Driscoll]

On Feb 15, 3:28 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hello Python Community,
>
> It'd be great if someone could provide guidance or sample code for
> accomplishing the following:
>
> I have a single unicode file that has  descriptions of hundreds of
> objects. The file fairly resembles HTML-EXAMPLE pasted below.
>
> I need to parse the file in such a way to extract data out of the html
> and to come up with a tab separated file that would look like OUTPUT-
> FILE below.
>
> Any tips, advice and guidance is greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Egon
>
> =OUTPUT-FILE=
> /please note that the first line of the file contains column headers/
> --Tab Separated Output File Begin--
> H1  H2  DIV Segment1Segment2Segment3
> RoséH1-1   RoséH2-1   RoséDIV-1  RoséSegmentDIV1-1  
> RoséSegmentDIV2-1
> RoséSegmentDIV3-1
> PinkH1-2PinkH2-2PinkDIV2-2  PinkSegmentDIV1-2   
> No-ValueNo-Value
> BlackH1-3   BlackH2-3   BlackDIV2-3 BlackSegmentDIV1-3  
> No-ValueNo-Value
> YellowH1-4  YellowH2-4  YellowDIV2-4YellowSegmentDIV1-4
> YellowSegmentDIV2-4 No-Value
> --Tab Separated Output File End--
>
> =HTML-EXAMPLE=
> --HTML Example Begin--
> 
>
> RoséH1-1
> RoséH2-1
> RoséDIV-1
> RoséSegmentDIV1-1
> RoséSegmentDIV2-1
> RoséSegmentDIV3-1
> 
> 
>
> PinkH1-2
> PinkH2-2
> PinkDIV2-2
> PinkSegmentDIV1-2
> 
> 
>
> BlackH1-3
> BlackH2-3
> BlackDIV2-3
> BlackSegmentDIV1-3
>
> YellowH1-4
> YellowH2-4
> YellowDIV2-4
> YellowSegmentDIV1-4
> YellowSegmentDIV2-4
>
> 
> --HTML Example End--

Pyparsing, ElementTree and lxml are all good candidates as well.
BeautifulSoup takes care of malformed html though.

http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/
http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm
http://codespeak.net/lxml/

Mike
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RE: Solve a Debate

[Reedick, Andrew]

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:python-
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of nexes
> Sent: Friday, February 15, 2008 11:25 AM
> To: python-list@python.org
> Subject: Solve a Debate
> 
> Alright so me and my friend are having argument.
> 
> Ok the problem we had been asked a while back, to do a programming
> 
> He declared an array and assigned the number of days in a month to its
> own element in an array. Now
> I realise that in this example it would not make a difference in terms
> of efficiency, but it is my belief that if
> there is more data that needed to be assigned(i.e. a couple megs of
> data) it would be simpler (and more efficient) to
> do a compare rather then assigning all that data to an array, since
> you are only going to be using 1 value and the rest
> of the data in the array is useless.
> 
> What are everyone else's thoughts on this?


Efficient how?  

Looking up the data in a array would probably be faster (look-up tables
normally are.)  

You could make the array efficient by using pointers, gaining both space
and time efficiency.  Mon[1] and mon[3] ... would point to 31.

The array can also just be collection of pointers to the multi-megabyte
objects on disk.  Most languages have modules letting you maintain an
index in memory that points to data on disk.

If the array is static or otherwise only loaded once into memory at
startup, and you have plenty of memory and patience, then who cares if
it is inefficient?  Simple solutions are normally faster to implement.
It's not often that you need to spend three days to save three seconds.

Then there's debug and change efficiency.  An array lookup is simple to
understand and thus less prone to bugs.  It can also be easier to change
a single array element than to change a complicated formula or a cluster
of nested if-then-else statements.



*

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it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary, and/or privileged 
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Re: Floating point bug?

[Diez B. Roggisch]

Zentrader schrieb:
>> That's a misconception. The decimal-module has a different base (10
>> instead of 2), and higher precision. But that doesn't change the fact
>> that it will expose the same rounding-errors as floats do - just for
>> different numbers.
>>
>>  >>> import decimal as d
>>  >>> d = d.Decimal
>>  >>> d("1") / d("3") * d("3")
>> Decimal("0.")
> 
> Surely you jest.  Your example is exact to 28 digits.  Your attempted
> trick is to use a number that never ends (1/3=0....).  It would
> only convert back to one if you have and infinite number of
> significant digits.  That has nothing to do with the Python decimal
> module (which does what it claims).  It is one of the idiosyncrasies
> of the base 10 number system.  Remember we are working with base 10
> decimals and not fractions.

The point is that all numbering systems with a base + precision will 
have (rational) values they can't exactly represent. Q\R is of course 
out of the question by definition

And the poster I replied to said

"""
This is true.  Fortunately Python does provide a module which allows
you to work with exact floating point quantities.
"""

Which is not more true for decimal as it is for IEEE754 floating points. 
Just for other values.

Diez
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Mark Dickinson]

On Feb 14, 11:09 pm, John Nagle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>  You also need to think about how conditionals interact with
> quiet NANs.  Properly, comparisons like ">" have three possibilities:

True.  There was a recent change to Decimal to make comparisons (other
than !=, ==) with NaNs do the "right thing":  that is, raise a Python
exception, unless the Invalid flag is not trapped, in which case they
return False (and also raise the Invalid flag).  I imagine something
similar would make sense for floats.

> True, False, and "raise".  Many implementations don't do that well,
> which means that you lose trichotomy.  "==" has issues; properly,
> "+INF" is not equal to itself.

I don't understand:  why would +INF not be equal to itself?  Having
INF == INF be True seems like something that makes sense both
mathematically and computationally.

>  If you support quiet NANs, you need the predicates like "isnan".

They're on their way!  math.isnan and math.isinf will be in Python
2.6.

> C++ exception using Microsoft's compilers.  But that's not portable.
> x86 has exact exceptions, but most other superscalar machines
> (PowerPC, Alpha, if anybody cares) do not.

Interesting.  What do you mean by 'exact exception'?

>  For Python, I'd suggest throwing a Python exception on all errors
> recognized by the FPU, except maybe underflow.

Yes:  I think this should be the default behaviour, at least.  It was
agreed quite a while ago amongst the Python demigods that the IEEE
overflow, invalid and divide-by-zero signals should ideally raise
Python exceptions, while underflow and inexact should be ignored.  The
problem is that that's not what Python does at the moment, and some
people rely on being able to get NaNs and infinities the old ways.

> If you're doing
> such serious number-crunching that you really want to handle NANs,
> you're probably not writing in Python anyway.

If you're worried about speed, then I agree you probably shouldn't be
writing in Python.  But I can imagine there are use-cases for nonstop
arithmetic with nans and infs where speed isn't the topmost concern.

Mark
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Re: Floating point bug?

[Jeff Schwab]

Zentrader wrote:
> I disagree with this statement
> But that doesn't change the fact that it will expose the same
> rounding-errors as floats do - just for different numbers. 
> The example used has no rounding errors.

I think we're using the term "rounding error" to mean different things. 
  If the value 1/3 is represented as a finite sequence of threes divided 
by a power of ten (e.g. 0.), then it is 
actually representing a different value than the original 1/3 
(/1).  This is 
what most of us mean by "rounding error."  There are data types than can 
represent rational numbers exactly, such that 1 / 3 * 3 = 1.

> For anything less that 28
> significant digits it rounds to 1.0.

I'm not sure what you mean here.  Do you mean that Decimal can represent 
any sequence of up to 28 decimal digits without any loss in precision? 
No one disputes that.

> With floats 1.0/3 yields
> 0.1<-- on my machine.

Right, that is != 1/3.  But if the last digit were a 3, the number still 
would not be 1/3, only a different approximation of it.

>  Also you can compare two
> decimal.Decimal() objects for equality.  With floats you have to test
> for a difference less than some small value.

A small margin of error (epsilon) is required for both Decimal and 
floats.  Both of these data types have "floating points;" they just use 
different radixes.  Particular sorts of rounding-errors have become 
acceptable in base-10 arithmetic within certain (mainly financial) 
contexts, so Decimal is preferable for calculations in those contexts. 
For the same reason, a major U.S. stock exchange switched from base-2 to 
base-10 arithmetic a few years ago.  There's nothing inherently more 
accurate about base-10.

> BTW, a college professor
> who also wrote code for a living made this offhand remark "In general
> it is best to multiply first and then divide."  Good general advice.

It is best to keep track of how many significant digits remain in 
whatever base is being used.  "M before D" may help preserve sig. 
digits, but it is not a substitute for knowing how much error each 
calculation introduces.
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Mark Dickinson]

On Feb 15, 1:38 pm, Grant Edwards <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 2008-02-15, Mark Dickinson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> >> If you're doing such serious number-crunching that you really
> >> want to handle NANs, you're probably not writing in Python
> >> anyway.
>

Some dodgy quoting here: that wasn't me!

> I disagree completely.  I do a lot of number crunching in
> Python where I want IEEE NaN and Inf behavior.  Speed is a
> completely orthogonal issue.
>

Exactly.

Mark
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Help Parsing an HTML File

[egonslokar]

Hello Python Community,

It'd be great if someone could provide guidance or sample code for
accomplishing the following:

I have a single unicode file that has  descriptions of hundreds of
objects. The file fairly resembles HTML-EXAMPLE pasted below.

I need to parse the file in such a way to extract data out of the html
and to come up with a tab separated file that would look like OUTPUT-
FILE below.

Any tips, advice and guidance is greatly appreciated.

Thanks,

Egon




=OUTPUT-FILE=
/please note that the first line of the file contains column headers/
--Tab Separated Output File Begin--
H1  H2  DIV Segment1Segment2Segment3
RoséH1-1RoséH2-1RoséDIV-1   RoséSegmentDIV1-1   
RoséSegmentDIV2-1
RoséSegmentDIV3-1
PinkH1-2PinkH2-2PinkDIV2-2  PinkSegmentDIV1-2   
No-ValueNo-Value
BlackH1-3   BlackH2-3   BlackDIV2-3 BlackSegmentDIV1-3  
No-ValueNo-Value
YellowH1-4  YellowH2-4  YellowDIV2-4YellowSegmentDIV1-4
YellowSegmentDIV2-4 No-Value
--Tab Separated Output File End--



=HTML-EXAMPLE=
--HTML Example Begin--


RoséH1-1
RoséH2-1
RoséDIV-1
RoséSegmentDIV1-1
RoséSegmentDIV2-1
RoséSegmentDIV3-1



PinkH1-2
PinkH2-2
PinkDIV2-2
PinkSegmentDIV1-2



BlackH1-3
BlackH2-3
BlackDIV2-3
BlackSegmentDIV1-3

YellowH1-4
YellowH2-4
YellowDIV2-4
YellowSegmentDIV1-4
YellowSegmentDIV2-4


--HTML Example End--
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Re: a question in python curses modules

[Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch]

On Fri, 15 Feb 2008 15:10:12 +, Sion Arrowsmith wrote:

> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>When the interpreter shuts down it has to remove objects.  Everything you
>>need in a `__del__()` method must be referenced by that object to be sure
>>that it is still there and not already garbage collected.  *But* it's not
>>guaranteed that `__del__()` is called at all!
> 
> This may be true, but it's not really the point here, since clearly
> __del__() *is* being called, otherwise how would the OP know that
> curses was None in it?

It's not the point the OP asked for directly but just the answer in the
first two sentences might have left the impression it's okay to use
`__del__()` for this kind of clean up if you make sure that `curses` is
bound to the object.  Then it may appear to work for the OP but it's not
guaranteed to work under all circumstances.

Ciao,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch
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Re: QOTW: Re: dream hardware

[castironpi]

On Feb 14, 10:50 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Aahz) wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> Steven D'Aprano  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> >On Tue, 12 Feb 2008 10:05:59 -0800, castironpi wrote:
>
> >> What is dream hardware for the Python interpreter?
>
> >I'm not sure that the Python interpreter actually does dream, but if it's
> >anything like me, it's probably a giant computer the size of a bus, made
> >out of broccoli and oven-roasted garlic, that suddenly turns into
> >Sylvester Stallone in a tutu just before my program returns its result.
>
> IHNTA, IJWTSA

IJWTW?  Anyone set up to profile CPython?... or step through?
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Re: Floating point bug?

[Mark Dickinson]

On Feb 15, 3:30 pm, "Diez B. Roggisch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> The point is that all numbering systems with a base + precision will
> have (rational) values they can't exactly represent. Q\R is of course
> out of the question by definition

This 'Decimal is exact' myth has been appearing often enough that I
wonder whether it's worth devoting a prominent paragraph to in the
docs.

Mark
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How do I execute a command from within python and wait on that command?

[black_13]

how do i exec a command (such as xcopy) from with win32 python and
wait on that command
to come to completion? and also cleanly terminate the command shell?
thanks
black_13
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Re: linux disc space

[Steve Holden]

Jeff Schwab wrote:
> I'm not sure how superuser-only space would be reserved in the first 
> place.  I don't see anything relevant in the fdisk man page.

The UFS and ext2 filesystem space allocation routines become very 
inefficient when free space gets too low, so for regular uses the 
filesystem is considered full before that threshold is reached. You can 
adjust the threshold setting (amon others) with tunefs.

Root uid processes can continue to use disk space after that point so 
that various daemon processes don't stop, and so that recovery actions 
can be taken.

regards
  Steve
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Re: Looking for a Python Program/Tool That Will Add Line Numbers to a txt File

[Steve Holden]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> See Subject. It's a simple txt file, each line is a Python stmt, but I need
>> up to four digits added to each line with a space between the number field
>> and the text. Perhaps someone has already done this or there's a source on
>> the web for it. I'm not yet into files with Python. A sudden need has burst
>> upon me. I'm using Win XP.
> 
> I'm not sure why you need the line numbers inserted into the file.
> Alot of
> editors will display and print line numbers.
> 
Perhaps so, but I had to insert line numbers into the code examples in 
"Python Web Programming", for example, because I annotated the code 
using the line numbers and I wasn't about to allow the publishers the 
chance to screw them up.

> My Visual Studio IDE displays file line numbers (it's an option) and
> prints
> them.  I believe there's a free Express Edition that you can download.
> 
> Also, check out http://www.textpad.com/ .  I think you can download an
> evaluation copy.
> 
None of which would have answered by use case. Besides which, maybe the 
OP was just writing a test piece ...

regards
  Steve
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Re: Solve a Debate

[Grant Edwards]

On 2008-02-15, Ivan Van Laningham <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Lookup tables are always significantly faster than a bunch of
> ifs.

Mostly always.  It depends on what you mean by "lookup table",
and it depends on how the language implements things.  If you
by "lookup table" you mean a linearly indexed array, then an
array lookup is O(1), and a series of if/then/elses is O(n).
The indexing operation is going to be faster for all practical
examples I can think of.

If by "lookup table" you mean an arbitrary mapping (e.g. a
"dict" in Python), then it depends on the hashing/searching
used to implement the lookup operation. It's possible for small
mappings using some types of keys that a series of compares
could be faster than the hashing operation.

In the general case, if the key being used consists of a lot of
bits, you might have to hash all of the bits before you can
start looking up the result. When doing compares, you can quite
after the first bit doesn't match.  IOW, you might be able to
do a lot of failed key compares in the time it takes to hash
the key.

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Re: XML pickle

[castironpi]

On Feb 15, 11:10 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > > Can you use set( '{ss}Type' ) somehow?
>
> > What is 'ss' here? A prefix?
>
> > What about actually reading the tutorial?
>
> >http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#namespaces
>
> > > And any way to make this look
> > > closer to the original?
>
> > What's the difference you experience?

Something else that crept up is:



  
  
  

  


Which xmlns:ns1 gets "redefined" because I just didn't figure out how
get xmlns:ns0 definition into the Workbook tag.  But too bad for me.
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sockets -- basic udp client

[7stud]

My question pertains to this example:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import socket, sys, time

host = sys.argv[1]
textport = sys.argv[2]

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
port = int(textport)
except ValueError:
# That didn't work.  Look it up instread.
port = socket.getservbyname(textport, 'udp')

s.connect((host, port))
print "Enter data to transmit: "
data = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
s.sendall(data)
s.shutdown(1)
print "Looking for replies; press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break to stop."
while 1:
buf = s.recv(2048)
if not len(buf):
break
print "Received: %s" % buf


As far as I can tell, the if statement:

if not len(buf):
   break

does nothing.  Either recv() is going to read some data or it's going
to block.   My understanding is that udp sockets do not have a
connection, so the server can't close the connection--hich would cause
a blank string to be sent to the client.

So, as far as I can tell, the only way that code would make sense is
if the server were programmed to send a blank string to the client
after it sent data to the client.  Is that correct?
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What's "the standard" for code docs?

[Preston Landers]

Hey guys and gals.  What are all the cool kids using these days to
document their code?  My goal is to create in-line documentation of
each package/module/class/method and create some semi-nice looking (or
at least usable) packaged documentation from it, in HTML and/or PDF
format.

I've been using effbot's PythonDoc for a while, but it seems like "the
new standard" (if there is one) is docutils and restructured text
(ReST.)  Is that accurate?

Just from glancing at some samples of ReST the actual format looks
much easier to work with in "plain text" in the text editor.
PythonDoc has not been very popular with my team due to its HTML-ish
nature and I think ReST will gain more acceptance.  Of course I don't
want to bother making the jump from PythonDoc to docutils if that
project is somehow a dead end.

thanks for any info or advice you can provide.

Preston
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Re: Accessing Oracle/Access database py2.4

[Steve Holden]

Ahmed, Shakir wrote:
> I was used import odbc  to connect oracle or access table before, now I 
> switched to python 2.4 and is giving me error message. I appreciate any 
> help on that.
> 
So this error message is a secret?

One possibility is that you are trying to use a 2.3 extension module 
with 2.4 - that would give you problems.

regards
  Steve
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Re: Solve a Debate

[Ivan Van Laningham]

Hi All--
Lookup tables are always significantly faster than a bunch of ifs.

Metta,
Ivan

On Fri, Feb 15, 2008 at 10:10 AM, Tim Chase
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > Ok the problem we had been asked a while back, to do a programming
>  > exercise (in college)
>  > That would tell you how many days there are in a month given a
>  > specific month.
>  >
>  > Ok I did my like this (just pseudo):
>  >
>  > If month = 1 or 3 or etc 
>  > noDays = 31
>  > Elseif month = 4 or 6 etc 
>  > noDays = 30
>  > Else
>  > noDays = 29
>  > (we didn't have to take into account a leap year)
>  >
>  > He declared an array and assigned the number of days in a month to its
>  > own element in an array. Now
>  > I realise that in this example it would not make a difference in terms
>  > of efficiency, but it is my belief that if
>  > there is more data that needed to be assigned(i.e. a couple megs of
>  > data) it would be simpler (and more efficient) to
>  > do a compare rather then assigning all that data to an array, since
>  > you are only going to be using 1 value and the rest
>  > of the data in the array is useless.
>  >
>  > What are everyone else's thoughts on this?
>
>  Well, the standard library offers its opinion:
>
>   >>> import calendar
>   >>> calendar.mdays
>   [0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
>   >>> month = 2
>   >>> calendar.mdays[month]
>   28
>
>  If you want the actual number of days, taking leap-years into
>  consideration
>
>   >>> calendar.monthrange(2008,2)[1]
>   29
>   >>> calendar.monthrange(2007,2)[1]
>   28
>
>  So the answer is "mu"...let Python do the work for you :)
>
>  -tkc
>
>
>
>
>
>
>  --
>  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>



-- 
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God N Locomotive Works
http://www.pauahtun.org/
http://www.python.org/workshops/1998-11/proceedings/papers/laningham/laningham.html
Army Signal Corps: Cu Chi, Class of '70
Author: Teach Yourself Python in 24 Hours
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scary thought for consideration

[Blubaugh, David A.]

To All,


I am wondering as far as the integration of MyHDL with Python 2.5, if
there might be any potential version incompatibility issues?  What I
mean is will MyHDL not operate correctly, if it is executed with a
Python 2.5 version not a Python 2.4? I will be testing to see if this
possibility is indeed true over the weekend.  


Thanks,

David Blubaugh

This e-mail transmission contains information that is confidential and may be 
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receive this e-mail in error, please do not read, copy or disseminate it in any 
manner. If you are not the intended recipient, any disclosure, copying, 
distribution or use of the contents of this information is prohibited. Please 
reply to the message immediately by informing the sender that the message was 
misdirected. After replying, please erase it from your computer system. Your 
assistance in correcting this error is appreciated.


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Re: linux disc space

[Jeff Schwab]

Christian Heimes wrote:
> Jeff Schwab wrote:
>> I'm not sure how superuser-only space would be reserved in the first 
>> place.  I don't see anything relevant in the fdisk man page.
> 
> man mkfs
> 
> :)

Thank you.

Looks like the feature is only supported by particular file systems.  I 
don't see anything at mkfs(8), but I do (for example) see the -m flag at 
mke2fs(8).

What I've done in the past is to make the boot partition big enough for 
emergency, super-user system administration.  In the default boot 
configuration, I just don't mount /boot.  When the other partitions get 
filled up by some runaway process (which happens with surprising (to me) 
frequency), I mount the boot partition so I have some breathing room.  I 
guess the formally reserved blocks in the filesystem are meant to serve 
the same purpose.
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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2008-02-15, Mark Dickinson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Feb 15, 1:38 pm, Grant Edwards <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> On 2008-02-15, Mark Dickinson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>
>> >> If you're doing such serious number-crunching that you really
>> >> want to handle NANs, you're probably not writing in Python
>> >> anyway.
>
> Some dodgy quoting here: that wasn't me!

Yup.  That's indicated by the xtra level of ">".  Sorry if that
mislead anybody -- I accidentally deleted the nested attribute
line when I was trimming things.

>> I disagree completely.  I do a lot of number crunching in
>> Python where I want IEEE NaN and Inf behavior.  Speed is a
>> completely orthogonal issue.
>
> Exactly.

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Re: XML pickle

[castironpi]

On Feb 15, 2:58 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> > In Economics, they call it "Economy to Scale"- the effect, and the
> > point, and past it, where the cost to produce N goods on a supply
> > curve on which 0 goods costs 0 exceeds that on one on which 0 goods
> > costs more than 0: the opposite of diminishing returns.  Does the
> > benefit of encapsulating the specifics of the XML file, including the
> > practice, exceed the cost of it?
>
> And for all the management out there, yes.  As soon as possible does
> mean as crappy as possible.  Extra is extra.  Assume the sooner the
> crappier and the theorem follows.  (Now, corroborate the premise...)

The sooner the crappier or the parties waste time.
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Re: Assignment saves time?

[rpglover64]

I ran it in an interactive python shell, which might have made a
difference.

import timeit
time1=timeit.Timer('s=len(li); s==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
time2=timeit.Timer('len(li)==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
store=min(time1.repeat(5))
call=min(time2.repeat(5))
store=min(min(time1.repeat(5)),store)
call=min(min(time2.repeat(5)),call)
store
  0.25531911849975586
call
  0.25700902938842773

The difference is small enough to be insignificant, but I am curious
how it's possible and why it happened.  It's more likely a reflection
of how I timed it than anything else, isn't it?
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Re: Assignment saves time?

[rpglover64]

I ran it in an interactive python shell, which might have made a
difference.

import timeit
time1=timeit.Timer('s=len(li); s==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
time2=timeit.Timer('len(li)==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
store=min(time1.repeat(5))
call=min(time2.repeat(5))
store=min(min(time1.repeat(5)),store)
call=min(min(time2.repeat(5)),call)
store
  0.25531911849975586
call
  0.25700902938842773

The difference is small enough to be insignificant, but I am curious
how it's possible and why it happened.  It's more likely a reflection
of how I timed it than anything else, isn't it?
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Re: Email Directly from python

[Daniel Folkes]

You could always just set up a gmail account and use that SMTP.  Thats
what I do.  Then all you have to do is google search for "gmail smtp
python" and get some easy code.

You can even send attatchments really easy.

-Daniel Folkes

brad wrote:
> I'd like to send email directly from within python without having to
> rely on an external smtp server. You know, something like the good, old
> Unix...
>
> echo My_message | mail -s Subject [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
> Can Python do something similar in a portable fashion without a smtp
> server installed on the machine?
>
> Thanks,
> Brad
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Re: Looking for a Python Program/Tool That Will Add Line Numbers to a txt File

[Jeff Schwab]

W. Watson wrote:
> See Subject. It's a simple txt file, each line is a Python stmt, but I 
> need up to four digits added to each line with a space between the 
> number field and the text. Perhaps someone has already done this or 
> there's a source on the web for it. I'm not yet into files with Python. 
> A sudden need has burst upon me. I'm using Win XP.

i = 0
for line in sys.stdin:
 i += 1
 print i, line,

Or if you want consistent alignment:

i = 0
for line in sys.stdin:
 i += 1
 print "%4s" % i, line,


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Re: linux disc space

[Christian Heimes]

Jeff Schwab wrote:
> I'm not sure how superuser-only space would be reserved in the first 
> place.  I don't see anything relevant in the fdisk man page.

man mkfs

:)

Christian

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Re: linux disc space

[Jeff Schwab]

DataSmash wrote:
> On Feb 15, 1:32 pm, Jeff Schwab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> Chris wrote:
>>> On Feb 15, 7:10 pm, DataSmash <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
 I simply want to capture the free disc space in a variable so that I
 can compare changes.  I'm aware of a few commands like "df -h" or "du -
 k", but I can't figure out how to capture those values as a variable.
 I also looked at os.statvfs(), but that output doesn't seem to make
 any sense at all to me, knowing the size of the disc.
 Thanks for your help!
 R.D.
>>> import os, statvfs
>>> s = os.statvfs(".")
>>> freebytes = s[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * s[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]
>> Is it worth distinguishing free bytes from available bytes?  I've never
>> seen them differ, and I'm not sure how they ever would...
>>
>>  import os
>>  import statvfs
>>
>>  def free_bytes(path):
>>  stats = os.statvfs(path)
>>  return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BFREE]
>>
>>  def avail_bytes(path):
>>  stats = os.statvfs(path)
>>  return stats[statvfs.F_BSIZE] * stats[statvfs.F_BAVAIL]
>>
>>  if __name__ == '__main__':
>>  import sys
>>  for path in sys.argv[1:]:
>>  print "%s:" % path,
>>  print "%dK free," % (free_bytes(path) / 1024),
>>  print "%dK available" % (avail_bytes(path) / 1024)
> 
> 
> Chris,
> Much thanks.  That's just what I need.
> 
> Jeff,
> Not sure what's taking up the "available" space, but it's about 12GB
> on my system.
> Interesting.

Available space is how much you can actually access as a non-root user. 
  Apparently (thank you Jean-Paul), space can be reserved for superuser 
use only; such space is "free," but not "available."

I'm not sure how superuser-only space would be reserved in the first 
place.  I don't see anything relevant in the fdisk man page.
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Re: scary thought for consideration

[Guilherme Polo]

2008/2/15, Blubaugh, David A. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
>
>
>
> To All,
>
>
> I am wondering as far as the integration of MyHDL with Python 2.5, if there
> might be any potential version incompatibility issues?  What I mean is will
> MyHDL not operate correctly, if it is executed with a Python 2.5 version not
> a Python 2.4? I will be testing to see if this possibility is indeed true
> over the weekend.
>

That depends on how "custom" your project is. Take Zope for example, a
lot of effort is being done to make it run under python 2.5.

Having a good test suite ready would be a good way to determine if it
runs correctly under python 2.5.

>
> Thanks,
>
> David Blubaugh
>
> This e-mail transmission contains information that is confidential and may
> be privileged.   It is intended only for the addressee(s) named above. If
> you receive this e-mail in error, please do not read, copy or disseminate it
> in any manner. If you are not the intended recipient, any disclosure,
> copying, distribution or use of the contents of this information is
> prohibited. Please reply to the message immediately by informing the sender
> that the message was misdirected. After replying, please erase it from your
> computer system. Your assistance in correcting this error is appreciated.
>
> --
>  http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Grant Edwards]

On 2008-02-15, Carl Banks <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>> For Python, I'd suggest throwing a Python exception on all
>> errors recognized by the FPU, except maybe underflow.  If
>> you're doing such serious number-crunching that you really
>> want to handle NANs, you're probably not writing in Python
>> anyway.
>
> Even if that were entirely true, there are cases where (for
> example) you're using Python to glue together numerical
> routines in C, but you need to do some preliminary
> calculations in Python (where there's no edit/compile/run
> cycle but there is slicing and array ops), but want the same
> floating point behavior.

Or when you're verifying/testing algorithms implemented on
another platform that follows the IEEE standard.

Or when propagating quiet NaNs and Infinities is by far the
simplest way to do what needs to be done.  Being able to feed
NaN values into a set of calculations and have outputs
dependant on invalid inputs turn out to be NaNs is just _so_
much simpler than either

 1) Having a complete set of boolean logic code in parallel to
the calculations that keeps track of what's valid and
what's not.

 2) Writing a floating point class with some sort of "valid
flag" that travels along with the values.

> IEEE conformance is not an unreasonable thing to ask for,

Especially when the hardware already provides it (or at least
provides something close enough to satisfy most of us who
whinge about such things).

> and "you should be using something else" isn't a good answer
> to "why not?".

even for Usenet. ;)

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Re: [OT] Looking for a Python Program/Tool That Will Add Line Numbers to a txt File

[Steve Holden]

I'll see your IBM 650 and raise you a Univac 418 with a FastRand drum.

regards
  Steve

W. Watson wrote:
> Good grief! You go a long way back. Want to try for an IBM 650 with a drum 
> memory?
> 
> Gabriel Genellina wrote:
>> En Thu, 14 Feb 2008 04:54:56 -0200, W. Watson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
>> escribió:
>>
>>> See Subject. It's a simple txt file, each line is a Python stmt, but I 
>>> need
>>> up to four digits added to each line with a space between the number 
>>> field
>>> and the text. Perhaps someone has already done this or there's a 
>>> source on
>>> the web for it. I'm not yet into files with Python. A sudden need has 
>>> burst
>>> upon me. I'm using Win XP.
>> This command should suffice - but you must first find a working CP/M 
>> system to use it:
>>
>> C>PIP [N] NEW.PY=OLD.PY
>>
>> (Sorry - just a a nostalgic flash!)
>>
> 


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Holden Web LLC  http://www.holdenweb.com/

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Re: returning regex matches as lists

[John Machin]

On Feb 16, 6:07 am, Jonathan Lukens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I am in the last phase of building a Django app based on something I
> wrote in Java a while back.  Right now I am stuck on how to return the
> matches of a regular expression as a list *at all*, and in particular
> given that the regex has a number of groupings.  The only method I've
> seen that returns a list is .findall(string), but then I get back the
> groups as tuples, which is sort of a problem.
>

It would help if you explained what you want the contents of the list
to be, why you want a list as opposed to a tuple or a generator or
whatever ... we can't be expected to imagine why getting groups as
tuples is "sort of a problem".

Use a concrete example, e.g.

>>> import re
>>> regex = re.compile(r'(\w+)\s+(\d+)')
>>> text = 'python 1 junk xyzzy 42 java 666'
>>> r = regex.findall(text)
>>> r
[('python', '1'), ('xyzzy', '42'), ('java', '666')]
>>>

What would you like to see instead?
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Re: Help Parsing an HTML File

[Tim Chase]

> I need to parse the file in such a way to extract data out of the html
> and to come up with a tab separated file that would look like OUTPUT-
> FILE below.


BeautifulSoup[1].  Your one-stop-shop for all your HTML parsing
needs.

What you do with the parsed data, is an exercise left to the
reader, but it's navigable.

-tkc

[1] http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/




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Re: Turn off ZeroDivisionError?

[Mark Dickinson]

On Feb 15, 5:27 pm, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> True enough, but aren't they of indeterminate magnitude? Since infinity
> == infinity + delta for any delta, comparison for equality seems a
> little specious.

The equality is okay;  it's when you start trying to apply arithmetic
laws like

a+c == b+c implies a == b

that you get into trouble.  In other words, the doubly-extended real
line is a perfectly well-defined and well-behaved *set*, and even a
nice (compact) topological space with the usual topology.  It's just
not a field, or a group under addition, or ...

Mark
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Re: Assignment saves time?

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 15 Feb 2008 18:51:19 -0200, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió:

> I ran it in an interactive python shell, which might have made a
> difference.
>
> import timeit
> time1=timeit.Timer('s=len(li); s==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
> time2=timeit.Timer('len(li)==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
> store=min(time1.repeat(5))
> call=min(time2.repeat(5))
> store=min(min(time1.repeat(5)),store)
> call=min(min(time2.repeat(5)),call)
> store
>   0.25531911849975586
> call
>   0.25700902938842773
>
> The difference is small enough to be insignificant, but I am curious
> how it's possible and why it happened.  It's more likely a reflection
> of how I timed it than anything else, isn't it?

Yes, I think it's an artifact of how you measured it. I've tried this:

import timeit
time1=timeit.Timer('s=len(li); s==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
r1 = time1.repeat(5)
print 'store', min(r1), r1
time2=timeit.Timer('len(li)==1000', 'li=range(1000)')
r2 = time2.repeat(5)
print 'call', min(r2), r2

and got the expected results:

store 0.336916842783 [0.33712636661922118, 0.34131209413486907,
0.33691684278309109, 0.33726828409755982, 0.34154312908484186]

call 0.296055783626 [0.29648125669603265, 0.29605578362613105, 0
.29716346630647195, 0.29883546651878934, 0.29798368228364236]

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