desktop computer
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Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
Peter Pei wrote: > One bad design about elementtree is that it has different ways parsing a > string and a file, even worse they return different objects: > 1) When you parse a file, you can simply call parse, which returns a > elementtree, on which you can then apply xpath; ElementTree doesn't support XPath. In case you mean the simpler ElementPath language that is supported by the find*() methods, I do not see a reason why you can't use it on elements. > 2) To parse a string (xml section), you can call XML or fromstring, but > both return element instead of elementtree. This alone is bad. To make > it worse, you have to create an elementtree from this element before you > can utilize xpath. a) how hard is it to write a wrapper function around fromstring() that wraps the result Element in an ElementTree object and returns it? b) the same as above applies: I can't see the problem you are talking about. Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Cheat sheet
En Sat, 29 Dec 2007 06:58:27 -0200, ZeD <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�: > Michele Simionato wrote: > >> Nowadays file is no more an alias for open. > > curious... maybe it's me, but I can't find a "What's New in Python" where > this is said... See Misc/NEWS: - Patch #1479181: split open() and file() from being aliases for each other. > also, in 2.6 docs (and also in 2.5) remains this footer: > http://docs.python.org/dev/library/stdtypes.html#id14 > http://www.python.org/doc/2.5/lib/bltin-file-objects.html#foot4449 > > file() is new in Python 2.2. The older built-in open() is an alias for > file(). I can't see that footer in the current docs. But in some places it says "if the file was created with the open() built-in function, then..." that now might be confusing. Being open!=file, each one can have a different docstring. open() just wraps file(), they have the same behavior [but open is a function and file is a type] -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
Hi, Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string? Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of only ascii characters? Thank you. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M'I.5'P ersecution Moles tation du ring Trave l
MI5 Persecution:. Molestation during Travel MI5s persecution of me varies in intensity. Since 1990 it has. been steady for perhaps 80% of the time; there was. a notable quiet period in 1993, and another quiet period in Jan-Feb 1995, as. well as a hiatus in the first two months of 1999. It puzzles me that. they cease and restart, seemingly without any logic. or reason. But one aspect of MI5s activities against me which is relatively predictable is this weeks articles. topic, which is Molestation during Travel. Almost every time I cross the. Atlantic, go to the Continent or even try to enjoy a holiday in this country,. you can bet that MI5 will be there doing their utmost. to wreck it all. This aspect. of the harassment is particularly relevant as I will be travelling to Europe again in a months time,. with naturally the Minidisc recorder in. tow; so it will be interesting to see if I can record the abuse which will. almost certainly take place, either on the Tube going to the airport, at the. airport, on the flight, in the terminal building - MI5 have. previously instituted instances of abuse at each of these locations, so well see how much taxpayers money they waste this time, and. whether it will prove possible to capture their abuse. on minidisc. Read about the MI5 Persecution. on the Web June 1992. in Polands mountain resort of Zakopane The persecution started in June 1990, and for the. first two years I stayed in the UK apart from a couple of brief day trips to. Calais. By the summer of 1992 Id had enough of being cooped up. in England with abusive fellow employees egged. on by an abusive secret police service, and decided to spend 10 days in southern Poland, on what was intended to be a holiday. at the mountain resort. town of Zakopane. Unfortunately the psychopaths of the Security. Service were not willing to allow me. to enjoy a holiday in peace and quiet. The journey to Zakopane was by. coach from the meeting point at Londons Victoria coach station (National Express). followed by ferry followed by another coach across Europe. As we left Victoria a youth and his girlfriend started a. loud tirade of abuse directed at "this bloke", where the "bloke". was never named,. but it was very clear that the "bloke" was myself. The youth said "they" had "found somebody from his. school, and he was always really stressed at school,. a real psycho". Again, the label "they" was not elaborated on, but it. was clear that "they" = the persecutors from MI5. The boy also said, "he was in a bed and breakfast for only. one night and they got. him". By a not unexpected coincidence I had been in a B&B in Oxford a week previously,. which had been booked from work; other things lead me to the conclusion. that the company's offices were bugged for most of the. 2 1/2 years that I was there, so "they" would have known a room in the B&B had been booked. After a. few minutes of this I went back to where they were sitting and asked where they were. travelling. The boy named a village in France, and the girl's giggling. suddenly ceased; presumably it permeated to her brain cell what the purpose of the. boy's abuse was. It is now. very clear to me that MI5 were trying to have me incarcerated, assaulted or killed on this trip. across Europe. The degree of verbal violence inescapably leads to this conclusion. When we arrived. at our destination, it became clear that many. people, both in our tour group and its guide, and among the ordinary residents of the town,. knew there was a movement under way to. "get" me. MI5 employed many people and significant resources for an action which. they knew would only take a maximum of ten days. A commercial operation would never have felt. able to waste such resources on such an unproductive and. temporary action; only a state-sponsored, taxpayer-funded entity like. the Security Service would be able. to be so wasteful. To give some examples of what happened in those ten. days; I was walking in some woods outside the town, when. a Polish woman, looking at me, said the English "shit" in a. strongly Polish-accented voice. For the first three years 1990-92 MI5 had been. trying to force this word on me. Another example; I was walking near my. "hotel" when a mother said laughing to her child, "a wiesz ze to prawdziwy wariat" which means. "you know hes a real madman". And the "TV reacting" happened there too; on Polish TV, a. bemused looking journalist said to another, "to jest. sprawa Anglikow", which means "its the concern of the English", in other words, none. of our business, despite what the English are trying to force down. our throats. Just before we left for. home, I went with some others from our group to a nearby bar. There a man. shouted at me the same sexual obscenity which MI5 have constantly thrown at me these last three years. I think MI5 try. to justify their various terms of abuse by repeating. them at me until I say them, either while conscious or while talking in. my sleep; a
TK 8.5
Hello, First of all, I beg you pardon for my poor english... You probably know it, but a new version of Tcl/TK has arrived : http://groups.google.fr/group/comp.lang.tcl/browse_frm/thread/747fcc9df3274310/ With TK8.5, I found the look and feel better that in the past : http://wiki.tcl.tk/13636 It would be great to have the same look with TkInter... 1) Did you know if a future version of Python/Tkinter will use Tk 8.5 ? And when ? 2) Is it a way to use Tk 8.5 with the present version of Python (2.5) ? 3) Or may be it's possible to already have a similar and good look with the present version of TK[inter] included in the last version of Python (2.5.1) ? Can you give me informations (or links, etc...) about this three questions ? Thanx in advance !!! Leon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tab indentions on different platforms?
* Steven D'Aprano (Sun, 30 Dec 2007 23:28:50 -) > On Sun, 30 Dec 2007 20:33:19 +, Thorsten Kampe wrote: > > * Steven D'Aprano (Sun, 30 Dec 2007 00:37:32 -) > >> On Sat, 29 Dec 2007 15:29:25 +, Thorsten Kampe wrote: > >> > I'd personally go for spaces because: > >> > > >> > 1. I don't like things I cannot see (control characters) > >> > >> You can see spaces but not tabs? Your editor is pretty weird. In all > >> the editors I've every used, both spaces and tabs show up as empty > >> white space. > > > > That's because the editor displays those invisible tab control > > characters as something they're not: spaces. > > Editors display tab characters as "indent to next tab stop". That's what > they're for, and any editor that doesn't behave that way is buggy. > > Tab characters are no more invisible than space characters. How can you > see space characters but not tabs? Why aren't space characters invisible > too? Why do you dislike tabs *specifically* because they are invisible, > but like invisible spaces? If you can't see spaces then that's your problem. I can see (identify) spaces (at least at the beginning of a line). > >> > 2. I never had problems with spaces but plenty with tabs > >> > >> What problems have you had with tabs that aren't related to buggy > >> applications or users that mix tabs and spaces? > > > > Fortunately I don't remember every incident when I stumbled about > > something weird behaving or looking. One thing I do remember is reading > > python source code (not my own) with a pager. The source code was badly > > indented. The pager was not "buggy". > > Given the constraints of the typical pager one-line display, and the > tendency of pagers I've seen to arbitrarily drop leading whitespace *of > any sort* from the start of lines, I'd like to know how you could tell > the indentation was wrong. It was obvious because the blocks didn't make sense. The problem with tabs is that they're interpreted: by Python and by the editor or pager to display them. Spaces are just spaces. Thorsten -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help please with code to find and move files.
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 05:09:37 -0200, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribió: > I am sorry if I was not clear in what I was trying to achieve. All I > wanted was simple way to achieve what windows does when you use search > for Files or Folders, and all the files that mach two words like foo > and bar in the file name to be moved or copied to a specified folder, > duplicates should not be copied just skipped. I think John Machim comments addressed most -if not all- your potential problems. You should be able to modify your script to met your goals; just do it one step at a time. Omit the actual file copy at first, just print what you would do. See what happens, fix the iteration if needed, once you print the right set of files try to actually copy them. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M-I, 5`Pers ecution - MI5 are Afra id to Ad mit Theyre B ehind the Persecut ion
MI5 are Afraid to Admit They're Behind the. Persecution MI5 have issued a formal denial of any involvement in my life to. the Security Service. Tribunal, as you might expect them to; but, more importantly, the persecutors have never denied that theyre. from the Security Service, despite several years of accusations from my corner. on usenet. and in faxed articles. I am not surprised that the Security Service Tribunal found "no determination in your favour". I am however. a little surprised. that the persecutors have refused to confirm my identification of them; by doing so, they implicitly admit. that my guess was right. "No determination in your favour" says the. Security Service Tribunal In 1997,. I made a complaint to the Security Service Tribunal, giving only the bare outlines of my case. I do. not think it would have made very much difference if Id made a much more. detailed complaint, since the Tribunal has no ability to perform. investigatory functions. It can only ask MI5 if they have an interest in a subject, to. which MI5 are of course free to be "economical with. the truth". A couple of months after my complaint the Tribunal replied. that; The Security Service Tribunal have now investigated your. complaint and have asked me to inform. you that no determination in your favour has been made on. your complaint. Needless to say this reply didnt surprise me. in the slightest. It is a well established fact that the. secret service are a den of liars and the Tribunal a toothless watchdog,. so to see them conforming to these stereotypes might be disappointing. but unsurprising. It is noteworthy that the Tribunal never gives. the plaintiff information on whether the "no determination in your favour" is. because MI5 claims to have no interest. in him, or whether they claim their interest is "justified".. In the 1997 report of the Security Service Commissioner he writes that "The ambiguity of the terms in. which the notification of the Tribunals decision is expressed is. intentional", since a less ambiguous answer. would indicate to the plaintiff whether he were indeed under MI5 surveillance. But I. note that the ambiguity also allows MI5 to get away with lying to the question of their interest. in me; they can claim to the Tribunal. that they have no interest, but at a future date, when it becomes clear that they did indeed place me under surveillance and. harassment, they can claim their interest was "justified" - and. the Tribunal will presumably not admit that in their previous reply MI5 claimed to have. no interest. "He doesnt know who we. are" In early January 1996. I flew on a British Airways jet from London to Montreal; also present. on the plane, about three or four rows behind me, were two young men,. one of them fat and voluble, the other silent. It was quite clear that these two had been planted. on the aircraft to "wind me up". The. fat youth described the town in Poland where I had spent Christmas, and made some unpleasant personal. slurs against me. Most interestingly, he. said the words, "he doesnt know who we are". Now I find. this particular form of words very interesting, because while it. is not a clear admission, it is only a half-hearted attempt at denial of my guess that "they" = "MI5". Had my guess been wrong, the. fat youth would surely have said. so more clearly. What he was trying to do was to half-deny. something he knew to be true, and he was limited to making statements which he knew to be not false; so he. made a lukewarm denial which on the face of it means nothing, but in fact acts as. a confirmation of my guess of. who "they" are. On one of the other occasions when I saw the persecutors. in person, on the BA flight to Toronto in June 1993, one of the group of four. men said, "if he tries to run away well find him". But the other three. stayed totally quiet and avoided eye contact. They did so. to avoid being apprehended and identified - since if they. were identified, their employers would have been revealed,. and it would become known that it was the secret services who were behind. the persecution. Why are MI5 So. Afraid to admit their involvement? If you think. about it, what has been going on in Britain for the last nine years is simply beyond belief. The. British declare themselves to be "decent" by definition, so when they engage. in indecent activities such as the persecution of a mentally ill person, their decency "because. were British" is still in the forefront. of their minds, and a process of mental doublethink kicks in,. where their antisocial and indecent activities are blamed on the victim. "because its his fault were persecuting him", and their self-regard and self-image. of decency remains untarnished. As remarked in another article some time ago, this process. is basically the same as. a large number of Germans employed fifty years ago against Slavic "untermenschen" and the Jewish "threat". - the Germans declared, "Germans are known to be de
Re: Tab indentions on different platforms?
* Steven D'Aprano (Mon, 31 Dec 2007 00:05:15 -) > On Sun, 30 Dec 2007 20:41:09 +, Thorsten Kampe wrote: > > Anyway: the consequence of your well done argumentation is that > > someone editing Python code has to use a specialised editor to prevent > > screwing up tab indented code - and that's bad. > > You just need to use an editor that inserts tab characters when the tab > key is pressed, just like you use an editor that inserts s characters > when the s key is pressed. If people didn't insist on using spaces where > tabs are called for, there would be no problem, and you wouldn't need a > specialized editor to prevent screwing up space-indented code. You completely miss the point. Ben (and me answering him) was talking about tab indented code that gets screwed up by spaces by people who can't see the tabs. Read Ben's article again. Thorsten -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 2:20 am, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a > string? > Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a > python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of > only ascii characters? > > Thank you. def ascii_chars(string): return ''.join(char for char in string if ord(char) < 128) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 1:20 pm, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a > string? > Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a > python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of > only ascii characters? > > Thank you. Use this function -- def omitNonAscii(nstr): sstr='' for r in nstr: if ord(r)<127: sstr+=r return sstr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 7:20 pm, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a > string? > Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a > python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of > only ascii characters? > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M'I.5,Persecution No Justi ce fo r the Vi ctims of MI5
MI5 Persecution. Update: Friday 11 June, 1999 Harassment. in a pub in Clapham, Tuesday lunchtime Once a month, or once every other month, I meet a Polish friends of. mine who lives in Clapham North, and sometimes we go to. a particular pub near where he lives. The last time. was some two months ago; I did not have my minidisc-walkman. with me, and consequently was seriously harassed by people MI5 had instructed to harass me, in the. pub. This Tuesday, 8 June 1999, we again went to the same pub for. a pre-meal drink. This time I did have my minidisc-walkman with. me. As you can guess, we were followed into the pub. by a couple of young people (Im getting older and. older - isnt it funny how the MI5 agents all look young these days?). They started talking about my situation,. in particular some travel I had booked the previous day. Unfortunately, they were talking. fairly quietly,. and my minidisc didnt pick up their speech. MI5s schizophrenic reasoning is that simultaneously I am very. important and worthy of their acts of persecution,. and I am also totally unimportant and their abuse of. me "doesnt matter". Perhaps they should test their agents and managers. for obsessive personalities or psychotic features in the same way. as employees are drug-tested. MI5 might lose their "worst cases" employees if. some psychological testing were applied to their recruitment. procedure. Toothless. Watchdogs. What a Surprise. Recently I have been. engaging in communications with two watchdogs, the Security Service Tribunal which deals. with complaints against the security service (and always clears. MI5 of any wrongdoing), and the Data Protection Registrar, which is mandated to investigate misuse. of personal data held on. computer. In. a letter to Nick Brooks, Security Service Tribunal secretary, dated 20 April, I asked him if the Tribunal, as. an allegedly independent body, had the means to investigate complaints against MI5 other than asking MI5. to themselves investigate. complaints. To my disappointment, his reply two weeks later answered the question only indirectly,. in the negative. Whatever the reader might. think of the merits of the case I have been. putting before you in faxed articles this last year and half, you will surely recognise that it is a significant anomaly for. the Tribunal to have no independent. means of investigating complaints, particularly given the view expressed even. by previous home secretaries that the security services. are untrustworthy. MI5 Persecution:. No Justice for the Victims of MI5 In a previous article I detailed the similarities. between the current MI5 Persecution in England, and other historical instances of. similar persecution, notably that. by the Nazi Germans in the thirties and forties. The Germans persecuted first the. mentally ill, the epileptics and those. suffering from schizophrenia, then moved on to racial groups; in todays Britain the persecution is again directed at. those with mental illness, which the. British in their cowardice find easier than taking on racial groups. as the Germans did. But just as in Thirties Germany there was no recourse against a malign and omnipotent state, so the. MI5 Secret Police in the modern British Fascist State allow. no justice for their victims. No Recourse Against the Security Services. Illegal Harassment It has become apparent to me over the last nine years just how loaded. the dice are in todays Britain, a. fundamentally fascist country which masquerades as a democracy. Britain is a democracy in name only;. the Establishment, the defence and MI5 secret police are always. there, regardless of which party has been voted into power most. recently - and from "New Labours" conduct in office one. finds it difficult to tell them apart from Old Tories,. in their crackdowns on the sick and vulnerable in society. In thirties Germany the victims of the Nazi regime. had no legal recourse against their State oppressors; and in todays Fascist. British state, the victims of the Establishment and. its MI5 Secret Police similarly have no recourse against the illegal. state-funded and organised oppression. There is supposed to. be a mechanism for dealing with MI5 crimes, in the shape of the Security Service Tribunal and Commissioner;. yet these have never found favour of a plaintiff. One might. as well ask the Nazi SS to investigate crimes against epileptics or Jews as ask the. Security Service Tribunal to investigate MI5 crimes. against British citizens; it is quite obvious what the answer is going to be, regardless of what you say to. them, and what evidence you provide.. The Tribunal and Commissioner are a mere formality, a whitewashing body to give the Secret Services a veneer. beneath which they. hide their shabby criminality. "Institutional Racism" and Bigotry. in the Metropolitan Police The recent inquiry into the racist murder. of Stephen Lawrence found clear evidence of systematic and deliberate racism in the. Metro
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 7:20 pm, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a > string? > Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a > python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of > only ascii characters? > OK, I'll bite: why do you want to throw data away? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M`I'5.Persecu tion - M I5 Hav e System atically Dest royed My Li fe
MI5. Have Systematically Destroyed My Life This is getting depressing. From the feedback Ive received, the. recipients of these faxes are tired of hearing my complaints,. and in truth I am tired of sending them.. The reason I havent yet ceased sending faxes is because I cannot think of any other effective means. of replying to MI5s actions against me, and I feel I have to. do something to try to defend myself. Three/four. years ago I got the MI5 harassment out of my system by posting about it on Internet newsgroups,. and for a few months this tactic was quite effective - I received (and indeed still do today). support from newsgroup. regulars, and felt I could make my voice heard and break the MI5 monopoly on access to the. British media. But that was years ago, and today nobody gives a tinkers cuss about my internet posts - so I. have sought to escalate matters by communicating directly with the. politicians who allegedly say how this country is supposed. to be run. Of course, its quite expensive to. keep up a campaign of fax messages for many weeks. Each set of faxes. takes approx 50 hours to send over the weekend, and costs perhaps 35. My phone bill for the last. quarter was 350. These. figures are naturally insignificant compared to what MI5 have been. spending against me over a similar period. It also takes a lot of time and energy to create a new article every week, and try. and find new and fresh aspects and viewpoints on MI5s persecution of me. I. am beginning to run out of. both new topics and energy to write these articles. So I have a suggestion to put before the MI5 persecutors who. have been wrecking my life since 1990. In a few days time. I will be going on holiday to Poland and. Germany, for a couple of weeks. Previously, almost every time I have travelled by plane, or gone. anywhere on holiday, the MI5 "wreckers" have been most assiduous. in destroying these trips. My suggestion is; if. MI5 leave me alone on this next trip, I will cease transmitting these articles. If, however, there are any clear. instances of harassment (and I am very capable of recognising. MI5 harassment when I see it), then I will make. public these instances and publish any recordings I may make of them, and, unwillingly. and unhappily, continue the articles. Read about the MI5 Persecution on the. Web Keith Hill MP (Labour - Streatham),. my elected representative, as ever refuses. to help. MI5 Refuse to Allow me to have. a Normal Life Its kind of difficult to contemplate having. a normal existence when you know your entire. house is bugged from top to bottom, for audio and, very unpleasantly, video; when your employment is systematically. destroyed, over and over again; when every time you. leave the country your travel is disrupted by MI5 plants on the plane yelling abuse at you.. you get the idea. I would like to have. some semblance of a normal life, like my Polish and English friends do. But MI5 have made this. impossible, and they have leached massive resources from the taxpayer to institute a. life not worthy of the name. on me. A few years ago MI5 were very open about their aims in. persecuting me. They were shouting "suicide" at me, both in Canada where. I lived at the time, and during my occasional visits to London. You. cant get much clearer than that.. There have been instances as recently as a few weeks ago. of this intention being voiced by their side; on 15 April 1999, a woman at the. next ticket counter at the Royal Festival Hall said; "it would kill it,. you know, it would just be overkill... they can't stop can. they" meaning that "they" were. trying to "kill it" i.e. me and they "cant stop". The. audio file is at; I wonder why they "cant stop".. Nobody (who doesnt know already) believes my claims -. so what difference would it make, if they were to "stop" persecuting me? Perhaps what this persons remarks. indicates, is the depth of the obsession MI5 have with this. case. They have chosen at random a person. from the general population, and done their worst to ruin my life. What is wrong with these people,. that they persecute a national of the country whose citizens they are supposed to. protect? No. Chance of a Harassment-Free Job Since the harassment started in 1990 I have had. three jobs, the first near Guildford, the second in Oxford, and the. third overseas in Canada. All three jobs have been systematically destroyed by MI5.. It is so ironic that MI5 employs a team of. agents, each well compensated for their efforts, to persecute just one person paid a mere fraction of what. they get for their "work". In fact, it. is a joke that MI5 is allocated resources for this sort of effort. If. this area of government were run along commercial lines then MI5 would be very rapidly closed down, they. produce nothing of any value, instead spending their. time obsessed with the bugging and surveillance of their. former employees like Shayler, dangerous subversives like Straw and Mandelson,
Re: evolution-python
eloi-ribeiro.blogspot.com schrieb: > Hi everyone, > > I would like to use a python script to export (save as...) all my > contacts in Evolution to VCard format (.vcf). I am a beginner so I > don't knock how to use evolution-python module. The second part of the > script would be to make inserts to a database, at these second part, I > think I can menage my self. > > Thanks in advance and happy new year to everyone, > > Eloi You can use /usr/lib/evolution/2.12/evolution-addressbook-export Egon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M-I 5.Pe rsecution . Ha rassment throu gh the Ra dio
MI5 Persecution. Update: Friday 9 July, 1999 Harassment in Poland,. July 1999 And still it continues in my last fax I said. that provided MI5 made no attempts at. harassment during my two-week holiday this summer, or after I returned to England, then. I would discontinue these faxes. Unfortunately MI5 have continued to harass me, both. during the holiday and after my return to London. I really dont want to continue these. articles, since they take. up so much time and effort, not to mention expense; but the Security Service. wont even let me have a holiday in peace and quiet, so I have to make. further efforts to bring their activities out into the open. In early July I visited my aunt and. her family in Poland. On Saturday 3 July 1999, I went to a family barbecue at. an allotment outside the city.. One of my aunts family has previously shown himself to be in the "enemy" camp, by saying the. Polish equivalent of "something wrong with him", and various other unprovoked insults.. It is disappointing that one of my family could forsake. the usual ties of blood and take part in the actions against me, but thats the way it is. This. guy turned up at the barbecue,. and started making insults against me. In particular, he started to say something about the. video camera which I had brought along on the trip, and the relevance of the video-camera to my fight. against the persecution. It. seemed pretty obvious to me that my enemies had told him to turn up. to this occasion, and most likely schooled him in precisely what words to say; since hes an unintelligent person. and would not be able to think for himself what insults. to make against me. Harassment in. London, week ending Friday 9 July 1999 Got back to. London Wednesay afternoon. Two incidents on the Underground returning from the airport. Unfortunately I. wasnt recording because I wasnt expecting trouble, so these slipped through the net. One. of these was verbal sexual abuse, of the type Ive heard many,. many times before these last three-and-a-half. years. Yesterday, Thursday 8/July/1999, I switched on. Heart FM which had never "got at" me before. and the presenter started making jokes about "mad, crazy" etc. Again, wasnt recording this because Id. never had any trouble from this. radio station and wasnt expecting any. Also yesterday, on a bus (155?) from Balham to Clapham, a. couple of girls started harassing me with taunts of "crazy". By. now I was expecting trouble and recorded an audio file of this instance of abuse, at web. URL; The cynical reader might think my demeanour or behaviour had given. rise to the taunts of "crazy" recorded above. But I assure you. my behaviour on the bus would not have made anyone think I was ill; and the. taunts the previous day were the same sexual. words as previously; so I'm quite sure that. these incidents are either deliberately staged, or indicative of an overall high level of. awareness among the London public, particularly in the. part of London where I live. Keith Hill MP (Labour - Streatham), my elected. representative, as ever refuses. to help. MI5 Persecution: Harassment through the. Radio One. of the aspects of the MI5 persecution has been harassment through the broadcast. and print media; and one of the aspects of harassment through the broadcast media. is being "got at" by radio presenters. This being "got at" from the radio takes various forms, the most. obvious form being through overt or hidden words and insults. But there. are other, subtler forms. In Canada a couple of years ago, I used to listen to the. local radio stations every morning driving to. work, and listened to the music only, switching. between radio station presets rapidly as soon as a presenters voice came on, so that I would. not be subjected to any verbal harassment by. the D.J.s. But they found a way around this; they kept on playing the same song, every bl**dy morning. at the same time, which had the words. "all coming back to me"; the perceptive reader will remember that the words "coming back" have special. meaning (see the Private Eye cover at. web URL; for the hidden. meaning). And thats not. the only time theyve allowed the songs themselves to be used as abuse against me; many. years ago Radio-1 in the UK did exactly the same, and the DJ even made it explicitly clear by. saying, "dont you sometimes. feel as if the songs were made just for you". "We should be done for. attempted manslaughter" says Chris Tarrant Capital Radio DJs have been "in on it" from the start. One of. the first things I heard in the summer of 1990 was from a Capital DJ. who said, "If he listens to Capital then he can't be. all bad" (supportive, you see. We're not bastards). Much of. what came over the radio in 1990 is now so far away the precise. details have been obliterated by time. No diary was kept. of the details, and although archives if they exist may give pointers, the ambiguity of what broadcasters said would leave that open.
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 2:54 am, abhishek <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Use this function -- > > def omitNonAscii(nstr): > sstr='' > for r in nstr: > if ord(r)<127: > sstr+=r > return sstr Learn the ways of the generator expression you must. See Dan Bishop's post. -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M'I`5 Pers ecution Thr ee Year s of MI5 Persecution Fa xes
Three Years of. "MI5 Persecution" Faxes Ten Thousand Faxes,. and Still No Breakthrough In the last three years I have sent. at least 5,301 faxes directly from my computer, and 4,478 faxes through Demons extremely. useful TPC.INT service, to politicians and the media, in. the subject of the "MI5 Persecution". This has obviously cost me quite. a lot of money, not to mention time and effort. The aim of all this communication has been. to try to put discussion of the "MI5 persecution" into. the public arena; unfortunately,. this aim has not been achieved, yet. This fax will be my last transmission. for the time being, since the summer recess is almost upon. us. Depending on what the persecutors do between now and the autumn, I may or may not resume. faxing later this year. In the article dated 18/6/99 I said Id stop the articles if. MI5 left me alone; but they seem to have no fear of. these articles, since they kept pursuing me in Poland and after my return to the. UK. Again, if they leave me alone this summer then I wont have to. resume the articles in the autumn; but I think its fairly obvious that MI5 have nothing better to. do with their time than to. go after me, and its almost pointless to make this offer when I know they wont cease harassing. me. TPC.INT 1996,. 1997, 1998. Three years ago I was living in Canada, and. the only economic way of sending faxes to the UK. was through the international email-to-fax gateway TPC.INT. This. highly useful and totally free service converts emails (which. may have Postscript-formatted attachments) into faxes which it delivers to any number within the UK.. Using the telephone book, I constructed a computer database of. M.P.s fax numbers, and used this database. to deliver copies of the "FAQ - frequently asked questions" article. which Id written some time earlier. This service is still operational, but given that I have. resided in London for the last year, I do not need to use Demons service when. I can send articles directly from my own computer using its fax/modem,. which is what I. have been doing since 1998. However, instead of just sending the FAQ article, Ive been composing. articles on various aspects of MI5s treatment of me. Since their activities have been going. on for nine years now, and there have been various aspects to their actions;. they have harassed me at work, at home, through the media, etc; I have so far not run. out of things to say, particularly since their harassment of me is still. ongoing, and I have been able to record the actual words used by their. paid agents on my minidisc-walkman. Since mid-March 1999 I. have been sending these articles pretty much every. weekend. Anyway, as. mentioned above, I intend this to be the final transmission before the. summer recess, and it would be nice not to have to continue these articles in the autumn. But thats something that depends. on them, not me, and their attitude is. unfortunately clear. Why am. I sending these articles? Because I want. the harassment to stop. The cynical reader might think from these articles that I "thrive on adversity" and. would be lost without the harassment to complain about; but. that is not the case. In a perfect world I would like to return to work, in. a job unsullied by MI5s attempts to ruin it; I would like to live in a. house which wasnt bugged, with my words being repeated at me wherever I go; I would like a normal life.. I do not particularly thrive on adversity; I am beaten. down by adversity; the purpose of these faxes is to. try to bring the whole matter out into the public arena, where. the rights and wrongs would be visible to all, and once that were to happen, the adversity might cease. I have had. something approaching a. normal life a couple of times in the last nine years, but always, in the end, MI5 turn up and ruin it. I just want these people. out of. my life, permanently, and the only way of doing that is to kick this business into the public. arena, and shame MI5 so that they are incapable of. doing me further damage. Having said that, unfortunately it seems. fairly obvious by now that these faxed articles are not going to achieve that aim. Some of. the recipients know what I am saying is true; but. they choose to stay quiet - wisely, because if they were to admit the truth. of these articles, then they would bring the wrath of MI5 down on their heads. Presumably. most recipients do not know these. articles are true; their reaction to me is the same as my reaction to the other apparently. deluded people who have sent me email after. reading my webpage to tell me it happened to them too; the reaction being, "leave me alone, I dont want to know". Its sad that many M.P.s. have given. me this reaction, because my case genuinely is different; I genuinely am telling the truth, and the harassment genuinely is. happening to. me, and some recipients of this fax know this to be true. "Write to. your own M.P." My local M.P. is Mr Keith Hill, L
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a
> string?
> Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a
> python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of
> only ascii characters?
>
> Thank you.
Yes, just decode it to unicode (which you should do as the first thing for
any encoded strings) and then encode it back to ascii with error handling
set how you want:
>>> s = '\xc2\xa342'
>>> s.decode('utf8').encode('ascii', 'replace')
'?42'
>>> s.decode('utf8').encode('ascii', 'ignore')
'42'
>>> s.decode('utf8').encode('ascii', 'xmlcharrefreplace')
'£42'
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
hello, I had a program that worked perfectly well. In this program modules were dynamically added, just by putting the file in a predefined directory. Now one of the interface mechanisms was to see if some parameter was changed in a an instance, by comparing the value from the instance with its previous value This went all well, untill I added a too complex variable, then the program stopped working, without generating exceptions. So it seems that comparing a too complex value isn't allowed. the variable was something like: A = [ , , ..., [,,...], [, , ... ] ] So what I need was something like: if A != A_prev : ... do something A_prev = A And this crashes, or at least it doesn't work but also doesn't generate exceptions. It does seems to work, if A only contains 1 array. Why am I not allowed to compare A and A_prev ?? And in general, how complex might a list be to make a valid comparison, or what are the rules ? thanks, Stef Mientki -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bizarre behavior with mutable default arguments
On 30 Dec, 17:26, George Sakkis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Dec 29, 9:14 pm, bukzor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > Here's the answer to the
> > question:http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-default-values-shared-...
>
> > It looks like Guido disagrees with me, so the discussion is closed.
>
> Note that the FAQ mainly explains *what* happens, not *why* was this
> decision taken. Although it shows an example where "this feature can
> be useful", it's neither the only way to do it nor is memoization as
> common as wanting fresh default arguments on every call.
>
I'm surprised noone has said anything about the why of default
mutables. I think it is becasue it isn't easy to do it an other way.
def some_function( an_integer=1,pointless_list=[],
random_fuction_value=random_function()):
pass
To you and me it is obvious that this is an integer, a list and a
function call, but to python it is just 3 objects. Python'd have to
check each argument carefully to determine if it is mutable or not. Or
always copy each object, adding additional overhead to function calls,
and making passing arguments to functions expensive.
Even if these problems were solved, it would only make the problem
less common, not extinct.
# hypothetical
def another_function( still_alive=([],) ):
still_alive[0].append('spam')
print still_alive
>>> another_function()
(['spam'],)
>>> another_function()
(['spam', 'spam'],)
(Could of course be solved by always making deep copies of all
arguments.)
While I would welcome making mutable defaults work differently, I
don't see any way to make such a change without making unacceptable
tradeoffs.
--
Incidentally, I wrote a program a while back, with a bug caused by
mutable defaults. Never bothered to change it, it was the behaviour I
wanted, just not the one I thought I had implemented. -- Python, so
good even the bugs make the program better.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M`I,5.Persec ution ` MI 5 W ant Me to Se nd Y ou t hese Faxes
MI5 Want Me to Send You these. Faxes MI5. seem to Want to Spin this Business out for as Long as Possible The MI5 persecution has. now been going on, starting from June 1990, for well over nine years. If I. knew how to put an end to it then I would do so. Of course MI5 have indicated how they wish. to finish the matter, by finishing me off; they indicated this very. clearly years ago when they were shouting "suicide" at. me. But. a deeper truth is that the MI5 agents carrying out the persecution rely on. it for their income and their livelihood. They have absolutely no interest in anything other than spinning out the whole. business, because that is how they will maximise their earnings. from their employer for the "work". they do against me. A vital part of. the fantasy structure MI5 have created about me is that I am. somehow a worthwhile target. If you bother to read these faxes, if you browse my website, or perhaps read my posts on the uk.misc newsgroup,. you will have by now twigged. that I am a totally insignificant person who in a proper dictatorship like East Germany would not merit. five minutes of Stasi time. But Britain is improper in the methods of its. corruption, and the. Security Service seeks to present me as being a an evil fascist, an evil communist, an evil something-else, and even. a "national institution". It occurs. to me that to some extent I am playing into their hands, into their. scheme of things, by writing these articles and sending these faxes. By doing these. things, I elevate my profile, and fuel MI5s paranoid obsession with me. But to. stop sending faxes would be to give up the only hope I have of seeing their campaign "outed". and justice done. Certainly there is no. point going to the police again; and as remarked in a previous article, the Security Service Tribunal routinely. whitewashes every complaint. that is placed before it. So although MI5 seems to want me to continue sending. these faxes, doing this is the only real chance of getting this business out. into the open. And so Ill. continue trying to kick down their house of cards. At least my. situation is less serious than that of some other victims of the secret services; unlike Shayler I am not broke and exiled;. unlike Fayed I have not lost a son to the posited activities of the secret. services. All I have lost is some of my health,. some of my life, and some of my possible career. MI5s Abuse of me is. without Cause or Reason It constantly puzzles me that MI5 refuse to leave me alone,. wherever I go and. whatever I do, or rather, whatever I dont do, since Im not a very socially or otherwise active person. When I am. in England, they chase me all. over the place, and once theyve found me, they pay people to shout rude words at me. When I am in Europe, they again chase me all over. the place, and as. usual pay people to shout obscenities at me. When I am in Canada or visiting the States, they. faithfully chase me all over the place, and when they find me, pay people to. shout obscenities at me. It is hard to avoid the conclusion that these MI5 operatives who. chase me are total lunatics. You will remember from a previous. articles the assessment "MI5. Agents are Clinical Psychopaths". They have tried to blame me for. what they do and what they say; yet their lies have been wafer-thin, and are clearly seen to be oiled by the. money which they acquire from the Government, and ultimately from. the taxpayer. They have tried various lies to put the blame on me;. "we have to abuse him because hes a nutter", as. if there werent many tens of thousands of other people with schizophrenia in the United. Kingdom. Their choice of abuse words is telling; subconsciously. perhaps they realise that it is they who are the "nutters", and. they try to project their own illness onto their target. MI5 Operatives have Nothing. Else to Do With Their Time Ive seen the same "Alan Holdsworth". person three or four times over a period of several years. I. saw him at the Civic Hospital in Ottawa in the Emergency Ward, where he falsely declared his name to be "Tad"; at. Ottawa airport in summer 1998; and on board. another flight in 1995. So. what we see from the above paragraph is, the same people are delegated to watch me for many years. Without me, they wouldnt have a. job. They literally have nothing else. to do with their time, except indulge their voyeurism against me. With this observation, we come to. the core of MI5s campaign against me; these people are not fit for any. job other than the exercise of voyeurism against. me, and if sanity were to land on MI5 then they would be out of a job. If sanity were truly to. land then these people and their employers would be. prosecuted for offences under the Protection from Harassment legislation, which they are clearly. breaking. It is one of the ironies of their campaign that MI5. have been trying to make me an object of ridicule for completely trivial things I have. done, whil
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 01:09:09 -0800, John Machin wrote: > On Dec 31, 7:20 pm, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> Hi, >> >> Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a >> string? >> Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a >> python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of >> only ascii characters? >> >> > OK, I'll bite: why do you want to throw data away? Maybe he has to send the data to a device that can't deal with more than 7-bit ASCII. Maybe he's sick of seeing text with "missing character" squares all over from all the characters that his fonts can't display. Maybe the string ends up as a file name on an operating system that doesn't support unicode. Or maybe he's just a curmudgeon who thinks life was better when there were only 128 characters available. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 11:45:55 +0100, Stef Mientki wrote: > Now one of the interface mechanisms was to see if some parameter was > changed in a an instance, > by comparing the value from the instance with its previous value > > This went all well, untill I added a too complex variable, > then the program stopped working, without generating exceptions. > > So it seems that comparing a too complex value isn't allowed. Then you get the wrong impression. > the variable was something like: > > A = [ , , ..., [,,...], [, > , ... ] ] > > So what I need was something like: > if A != A_prev : > ... do something > A_prev = A > > And this crashes, or at least it doesn't work but also doesn't generate > exceptions. > It does seems to work, if A only contains 1 array. > > Why am I not allowed to compare A and A_prev ?? You are allowed and you do in the above code. > And in general, how complex might a list be to make a valid comparison, > or what are the rules ? There are no rules about the complexity. Lists are compared element wise. If the lists are of the same length and all elements at the corresponding indexes compare equal, the lists are considered equal. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
On Dec 31, 7:20 pm, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a
> string?
> Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a
> python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of
> only ascii characters?
>
You actually asked TWO different questions, and have got answers
mainly to the first one. Here's a very simple answer to the second
question, which has the advantage of no loss of information:
repr(your_utf8_string.decode('utf8'))
or merely
repr(your_utf8_string)
Cheers,
John
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TK 8.5
On 31 dec, 09:41, Leon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > 2) Is it a way to use Tk 8.5 with the present version of Python (2.5) ? > > Can you give me informations (or links, etc...) about this three > questions ? These links might help: http://tkinter.unpythonic.net/wiki/TileWrapper http://tkinter.unpythonic.net/wiki/UsingTile http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread569032.html http://groups.google.nl/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/6d55b53f8a4ee0ea/a4ac5ea08bf00521?hl=nl#a4ac5ea08bf00521 Caveat: I collected these links, but haven't yet tried the described techniques...use at yout own risk! Best regards, Marc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M, I.5'Persec ution MI5 In sist tha t the se F axes mu st Con tinue
MI5 Persecution. Update: Friday 31 March, 2000 22,544 Faxes Delivered in Three Years, and Still No. Breakthrough In the last three. years I have sent at least 22,544 faxes to recipients in the UK, of. which at least 13,974 have gone to Westminster. Last weekend alone I sent 832 completed faxes to. politicians, the media and various others,. on the subject of MI5s mistreatment of me these last ten years. I believe some of the recipients know of. MI5s actions against me in the last decade; yet they maintain. strict "omerta" in fear of the security services persecution actions. being made public. MI5 Insist that these Faxes. must Continue Between September 1999. and mid-January 2000, the persecutors, whoever they might be, mostly left me alone. I counted only three incidents. in almost five months - which is. a lower rate than at any time since June 1990, when this. business started. By. leaving me alone for several months, the "oppressors" were making an implicit assurance that they would. continue to leave me alone in the future. On 11 January. I posted to an internet newsgroup accepting what I saw as their assurance of no further harassment, stating that I. would cease sending these faxes - which is the only thing I do in my defence. - if they continued to leave me alone.. And for two weeks I did indeed refrain from distributing these. articles. But MI5 acted in bad faith. From the last week of January until. the beginning of March, they resumed. their hate campaign against me with a vengeance. They even put people in my road three times in. February, one instance of which I recorded. They. resumed their normal behaviour of bugging. my phone and house, listening to where I would go, and then placing people in that. location to "aggravate and annoy" me. What MI5 did in February is plainly. a contravention of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, since it has caused me. "alarm and distress" as specified in the Act. But it is a waste of time going to. the police with a complaint, since the police have done, and will. do, absolutely nothing. I complained to the Metropolitan Police in 1995,. and they refused to take my complaint. When I complained again in 1999, the. detective sergeant laughed at. my complaint, with the words, "It's an absolute load of rubbish. I don't investigate rubbish. I can't be more blunt or to. the point than that." It is useful. to remember that the Met also treated Stephen Lawrences parents with similar discourtesy; police prejudices are. similar in my case, so I can take some comfort from that case. and hope that one day I will get a fair. hearing. MI5 acted in bad faith,. but they also acted with arrogance. They do not care if I send 800 faxes every weekend, since they know I. cannot prove my claims, and. the recent Shayler case shows how weak external oversight is of. the secret services. But they acted with more than arrogance - the MI5 agents actually want my faxes to continue, they insist that these. faxes continue, since my communications give them an excuse to continue. their activities, and continue in. the paid employ of the secret service. Despite their use of diverse. proxies over the last ten years, it is the same MI5 officers behind the campaign all the time - I have seen. one of them on three occasions in Canada over a. period of years, and it is a safe belief that that same person continues to be paid for his "work" in. harassing me in London now.. The average cost of an MI5 employee is some 75,000 per annum, so one may infer that their officers. are amply compensated; their insistence that "hostilities" are maintained is understandable when. placed in. this light. 12152 -- Posted via NewsDemon.com - Premium Uncensored Newsgroup Service --->>http://www.NewsDem -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unexpected __metaclass__ method behavior
Well, you see, I have some database functions that deal with "things" which are either classes or instances thereof. I though polymorphism would be a nice way to handle them identically, like: def do(thing): thing.Foo() do(t) do(Test) But never mind, I now understand that Test.__dict__ can contain only one entry for 'Foo', and that this must be matched. Kind regards, Sebastian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
M.I 5-Perse cution ` 22,5 44 + 837 = 23 ,381
MI5. Persecution Update: Friday 7 April, 2000 22,544 +. 837 = 23,381 Last weekend I delivered another 837 faxes to politicians and the. media on the subject. of the security service conspiracy which has destroyed my life.. This brings the total in the last three years to at least 23,381. These totals do not include. partially delivered faxes. Some. of the recipients of these faxes must know that what I say is true; and I hope to motivate those people to acknowledge the reality. of the. harassment which has followed me for ten years. It takes much time to transmit these. articles, but as OCG MD Simpson-Wells said to me in 1992, you have to be a good. communicator if you are to succeeed. Harassment in. February 2000 Following a quiet. period of almost five months, the persecution resumed with a vengeance in. late January/February 2000. At this time I was at home in Clapham, London and was. a relatively easy target for the persecutors. They have my house bugged, for audio. and I believe video in some. rooms as well; so they can find out easily where I will be going on a particular day, and place people in. that location to mouth words of abuse at me. (I know the last sentence. sounds like classic paranoia, but it happens to. be true, and some of the people reading this know it to be true.) On Friday 11 February 2000 I went shopping in Croydon, to buy a. watch at H. Samuels jewellers in the Whitgift Centre. While I was. there two youths came into the shop, one of them quietly uttered an obscenity at me,. and they immediately walked out.. They showed no interest in the shop. That Sunday I met with a friend in Clapham, who started needling. me about "do you know anything about the CIA. and FBI?". Rather unsubtle, and worrying considering Ive known this guy for. 20 years. From the words and demeanour. of this "friend" and others in February, I saw that the persecutors have again been trying. to separate from me what remains of my social. life. Incidents in. my Road in February MI5 very. rarely place people in my home road to harass me, but such was their persecutory fervour in February that they did so on three. separate occasions. On the first such occasion,. I was met my two youths who, grinning, said a deeply offensive sexual obscenity. at me - at which I coughed at them, so. they called me a "wanker". This incident is safely recorded on minidisc-walkman, but because of the. offensive nature of their abuse the recording will. not be made public. Another. incident very early in the morning of Sunday 20/Feb/2000 occurred outside my home, following an evening in Croydon with. some schoolfriends.. Again there were two youths - for some reason the persecutors always. travel in twos or threes, very rarely is there just one of them - perhaps they need. a group to bolster their courage, perhaps just one of them wouldnt have the guts to say something unpleasant. One. of the youths said quietly, and bitterly, "shitty, very. shitty". Anyway, in March there were no further incidents near my house. in in my road, and. our neighbours are very well disposed towards us, so let us hope that the current quiet. continues. 13814 -- Posted via NewsDemon.com - Premium Uncensored Newsgroup Service --->>http://www.NewsDem -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a > string? > Let say I have a string in python (which is utf8 encoded), is there a > python function which I can convert that to a string which composed of > only ascii characters? I'd recommend to rethink this approach. In the worst case the result is an empty string... ;-) Ciao, Michael. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TK 8.5
Leon wrote: > 1) Did you know if a future version of Python/Tkinter will use Tk 8.5 ? > And when ? We are planing to use Tcl/Tk 8.5 for Python 2.6 and 3.0. The topic is currently being discussed but nothing has been decided yet. > 2) Is it a way to use Tk 8.5 with the present version of Python (2.5) ? No, not yet. It may be possible to back port Tcl Tk 8.5 support from 2.6 to 2.5 once we have finished the migration to 8.5. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
using super
Hi I'm trying to make a method call automatically to its super using this syntax: class A: chained = ['pr'] def pr(self): print 'Hello from A' class B(A): def pr(self): print 'Hello from B' chain(B, A) b = B() b.pr() b.pr() will print Hello from B Hello from A I'm doing it using the 'chained' attribute in class A, and with this function: def chain(cls, sup): for m in dir(cls): if callable(getattr(cls, m)) and m in cls.chained: cm = getattr(cls, m) def m2(*p): cm(*p) return getattr(sup, m)(*p) setattr(cls, m, m2) return cls which seeks for all 'chained' methods and adjusts them accordingly. (had there been class decorators the syntax would have been simpler, something like class A: @make_chained def pr(): print 'Hello from A' @chained class B: def pr(): print 'Hello from B' ) My problem is this: Currently I pass the base class to 'chain' - chain(B, A) I prefer to write chain(B) and let 'chain' use the super of B. So: def chain(cls): for m in dir(cls): if callable(getattr(cls, m)) and m in cls.chained: print 'chaning', cls, m cm = getattr(cls, m) def m2(*p): cm(*p) return getattr(super(cls), m)(*p) setattr(cls, m, m2) This is probably wrong because I don't give the object instance to super (I don't have it!) and I also get the error TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj Can you please help me with this? Thanks iu2 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 11:45:55 +0100, Stef Mientki wrote: > hello, > > I had a program that worked perfectly well. In this program modules were > dynamically added, just by putting the file in a predefined directory. > > Now one of the interface mechanisms was to see if some parameter was > changed in a an instance, > by comparing the value from the instance with its previous value > > This went all well, untill I added a too complex variable, then the > program stopped working, without generating exceptions. What do you mean "stopped working"? > So it seems that comparing a too complex value isn't allowed. the > variable was something like: > > A = [ , , ..., [,,...], [, > , ... ] ] Doesn't seem complex to me, and I daresay probably not to Python either -- although a lot depends on what "ndarray" and "colour" are. > So what I need was something like: > if A != A_prev : > ... do something > A_prev = A > > And this crashes, or at least it doesn't work but also doesn't generate > exceptions. It "crashes"? Explain please. > It does seems to work, if A only contains 1 array. > > Why am I not allowed to compare A and A_prev ?? And in general, how > complex might a list be to make a valid comparison, or what are the > rules ? As complicated as you like. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: Is there a string function to trim all non-ascii characters out of a string
Hallöchen! Paul McGuire writes: > On Dec 31, 2:54 am, abhishek <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> >> Use this function -- >> >> def omitNonAscii(nstr): >> sstr='' >> for r in nstr: >> if ord(r)<127: >> sstr+=r >> return sstr > > > Learn the ways of the generator expression you must. > Stupid me! How could I miss such a lovely feature in the language? Tschö, Torsten. -- Torsten Bronger, aquisgrana, europa vetus Jabber ID: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (See http://ime.webhop.org for further contact info.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 05:47:31 -0800, iu2 wrote: > Hi > > I'm trying to make a method call automatically to its super using this > syntax: [snip code] I'm not sure if this is your only problem or not, but super() only works with new-style classes, not with classic classes. You must inherit from object, or it cannot possibly work. Change "class A" to "class A(object)". However, I suspect your approach may be too complicated. Try this: def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. def f(self, *args, **kwargs): result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) S = super(self.__class__, self) getattr(S, meth.__name__)(*args, **kwargs) return result f.__name__ = "chained_" + meth.__name__ return f class A(object): def foo(self, x): print "I am %s" % self return x class B(A): @chain def foo(self, x): print "This is B!!!" return x + 1 >>> a = A() >>> a.foo(5) I am <__main__.A object at 0xb7cf676c> 5 >>> b = B() >>> b.foo(5) This is B!!! I am <__main__.B object at 0xb7cf68ac> 6 -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python Trajectory Module?
Greetings, I was wondering if there was a python Module/Library out there that handles some trajectory/physics stuff like moving an object along a straight path in an X,Y 2D (or 3D) plane or calculating parabolic arcs. I'd really settle for just the moving of an object along a straight line. I know it's not terribly difficult to implement this on your own, but I'd rather not re-invent the wheel if someone else already did a good job of it the first time. Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: TK 8.5
Christian Heimes wrote: > Leon wrote: > >> 2) Is it a way to use Tk 8.5 with the present version of Python (2.5) ? > > No, not yet. It may be possible to back port Tcl Tk 8.5 support from 2.6 > to 2.5 once we have finished the migration to 8.5. Actually, you can. I'm using a custom-built Python that links to 8.5 with no problem. However, you do have to use some additional modules (referenced in another post) to get things working properly. --Kevin -- Kevin Walzer Code by Kevin http://www.codebykevin.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
usage of file separator
in my code i am iterating thru a list of filenames (like 'image1.jpg' etc) and appending them to fully qualified directory names for x in imagefilenames: imgfile=folder+"/"+x newimgfilenamelist.append(imgfile) sothat finally i can get items like c:/mycode/image1.jpg etc from the newimgfilenamelist on windows this will work..but how do i make it work on other os? Being a beginner i couldn't figure out how to solve this using os.path can anyone help? sorry if this is a silly qn dn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
Steven D'Aprano wrote: > ... > I'm not sure if this is your only problem or not, but super() only works > with new-style classes, not with classic classes. You must inherit from > object, or it cannot possibly work. > > Change "class A" to "class A(object)". Absolutely correct. However, the suggested simpler code cannot work on any released Python: > def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. > def f(self, *args, **kwargs): > result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) > S = super(self.__class__, self) This line is the problem. The class parameter needs to be the class name (B in this case) in which the chaining method is defined, not that of the object itself. > getattr(S, meth.__name__)(*args, **kwargs) > return result > f.__name__ = "chained_" + meth.__name__ > return f > > > class A(object): > def foo(self, x): > print "I am %s" % self > return x > > class B(A): > @chain > def foo(self, x): > print "This is B!!!" > return x + 1 You'll see the problem once you figure out what goes wrong with: class C(B): @chain def foo(self, x): print "This is C!!!" return x + 2 C().foo(5) As to the original idea, better to give it up. Typically code for a "chained" method "foo" that returns a result will want to (in some way) use the result from that call in forming its result. Python's super allows you to place that call where it belongs in your code (perhaps after some logging is enabled, for example) and not just "at the spot the guru insists the chaining happens." The recursion- like call to the super method is placed explicitly in Python so you can see how it works. If super is too tough to explain, I expect single inheritance is all you are using. simply remind people to call A.foo(self, ) within the definition of foo in B. --Scott David Daniels [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 12:08:43 -0200, Steven D'Aprano <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�: > On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 05:47:31 -0800, iu2 wrote: > >> I'm trying to make a method call automatically to its super using this >> syntax: > > > def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. > def f(self, *args, **kwargs): > result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) > S = super(self.__class__, self) > getattr(S, meth.__name__)(*args, **kwargs) > return result > f.__name__ = "chained_" + meth.__name__ > return f > > > > class A(object): > def foo(self, x): > print "I am %s" % self > return x > > class B(A): > @chain > def foo(self, x): > print "This is B!!!" > return x + 1 If you later inherit from B and try to @chain a method, nasty things happen... The problem is that the two arguments to super (current class, and actual instance) are *both* required; you can't fake the first using self.__class__. But you can't refer to the current class inside the decorator, because it doesn't exist yet. You could use the decorator to just "mark" the function to be chained, and then -with the help of a metaclass- do the actual decoration when the class is created. def chain(meth): """Mark a method to be "chained" later""" meth.chained = True return meth def chain_impl(cls, meth): """The original decorator by SD'A""" def f(self, *args, **kwargs): result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) S = super(cls, self) getattr(S, meth.__name__)(*args, **kwargs) return result f.__name__ = "chained_" + meth.__name__ return f class ChainedType(type): def __new__(meta, name, bases, dic): cls = super(ChainedType, meta).__new__(meta, name, bases, dic) # replace functions marked "to be chained" with its decorated version for name, value in dic.iteritems(): if getattr(value, 'chained', False): setattr(cls, name, chain_impl(cls, value)) return cls class A(object): __metaclass__ = ChainedType def foo(self, x): print "I am %s" % self return x class B(A): @chain def foo(self, x): print "This is B!!!" return x + 1 class C(B): @chain def foo(self, x): print "This is C!!!" return x + 2 py> a = A() py> a.foo(5) I am <__main__.A object at 0x00A3C690> 5 py> b = B() py> b.foo(5) This is B!!! I am <__main__.B object at 0x00A3CA90> 6 py> c = C() py> c.foo(5) This is C!!! This is B!!! I am <__main__.C object at 0x00A3C830> 7 The approach above tries to stay close to the chain decorator as originally posted. There are other ways that you can search for in the Python Cookbook. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
PyPy-Sprint 12th-19th January Leysin, Switzerland
= PyPy Leysin Winter Sprint (12-19th January 2008) = .. image:: http://www.ermina.ch/002.JPG The next PyPy sprint will be in Leysin, Switzerland, for the fifth time. This is a fully public sprint: newcomers and topics other than those proposed below are welcome. -- Goals and topics of the sprint -- * Like previous winters, the main side goal is to have fun in winter sports :-) We can take a couple of days off for ski; at this time of year, ski days end before 4pm, which still leaves plenty of time to recover (er, I mean hack). * the overall idea of the sprint is to continue working on making PyPy ready for general use. A few more specific tasks: - app-level ctypes: getting to a basically usable point would be really nice. - JIT: there is a long-standing timeshifter refactoring, towards making the JIT be more interpreter-like. Starting it during the sprint might be a good way to share some of the knowledge of how the JIT really works. Alternatively, we can work on supporting ootype in the timeshifter. - Testing: e.g. we run various nightly test runs but the results are not summarized in a single page yet. - LLVM: llvm 2 is now at version 2.1 and nicely stable again. Our llvm backend has improved in the last few months, but refactoring it together with the genc backend to share code more directly would be a nice task. * We are open to all sorts of other tasks during the sprint, just propose something. --- Location & Accomodation --- Leysin, Switzerland, "same place as before". Let me refresh your memory: both the sprint venue and the lodging will be in a very spacious pair of chalets built specifically for bed & breakfast: http://www.ermina.ch/. The place has a good ADSL Internet connexion with wireless installed. You can of course arrange your own lodging anywhere (so long as you are in Leysin, you cannot be more than a 15 minute walk away from the sprint venue), but I definitely recommend lodging there too -- you won't find a better view anywhere else (though you probably won't get much worse ones easily, either :-) I made pre-reservations in the Chalet, so please *confirm* quickly that you are coming so that we can adjust the reservations as appropriate. The rate so far has been around 60 CHF a night all included in 2-person rooms, with breakfast. There are larger rooms too (less expensive) and maybe the possibility to get a single room if you really want to. Please register by svn: http://codespeak.net/svn/pypy/extradoc/sprintinfo/leysin-winter-2008/people.txt or on the pypy-sprint mailing list if you do not yet have check-in rights: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/pypy-sprint You need a Swiss-to-(insert country here) power adapter. There will be some Swiss-to-EU adapters around - bring a EU-format power strip if you have one. --- Exact times --- Officially, 12th-19th January 2008. Both dates are flexible, you can arrive or leave earlier or later. We will give introductions and tutorials depending on who needs them, either on the 13th or the 14th. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie: Why doesn't this work
Hi Python Community:
Despite my new-ness to Python I have alreadhy been able to do some (I
think) amazing things. It is a truly elegant and smart language.
Yet, I can not seem to get a handle on something simple.
I would like to make a class which has private varaiables fName and
lName. It should have a property "name" which can get or set a name.
Something like as follows:
class Person:
def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
self.__fName = fName
self.__lName = lName
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == "name":
return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
# this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
if attr == "name":
self.__fName, self.__lName = value
P = Person()
P.name = ("Joe", "Smith")
print P.name
This fails with the following note:
>>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 20, in
print P.name
File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 8, in __getattr__
return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'str'
I don't understand why this fails. I thought perhaps I need to make
the __getattr__ function like this
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == "name":
return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
elif attr == "__fName":
return self.__fName
elif attr == "__lName":
return self.__lName
But that still fails.
Can someone please tell me what I am doing wrong?
Thansk in advance,
Chris ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Sub-classing unicode: getting the unicode value
>>> How does my object get its own value? >> def __unicode__(self): >> return unicode(self) > > I get an endless recursion with this. I see. That worked fine in Python 2.4, but give a stack overflow in Python 2.5. Depending on your exact class definition, something like return super(unicode, self).__getitem__(slice(0,len(self))) should work. > I must admit, though, that I probably overestimate the costs > connected with unicode(my_excerpt) because Gabriel is probably right > that no real conversion takes place. A mere attribute lookup may > still be cheaper, but only very slightly. I don't understand that remark. To implement the conversion in the way you want it to be, it definitely needs to produce a copy of self. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help building python installer
> Now i want to build an msi installer out of this. What's procedure > that I should follow for this ?? See Tools/msi. Notice that this (*) isn't supported, so you are on your own; you probably need to change msi.py Regards, Martin (*) Packaging a Python installer that was built with MSVC 8. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: usage of file separator
[EMAIL PROTECTED]: > for x in imagefilenames: > imgfile=folder+"/"+x > newimgfilenamelist.append(imgfile) > > [..] how do i make it work on other os? from os.path import join #.. imgfile=join(folder, x) -- Thomas Wittek Web: http://gedankenkonstrukt.de/ Jabber: [EMAIL PROTECTED] GPG: 0xF534E231 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
dont loose packages
Hi, I am trying to write a program that will work on a machine which is between a client and a server. What i want is to simulate the bridging process. So the program should take the packages and able to send them to the other interface. I dont want to loose package and i want efficiency. I tried to write a program in a multithreaded way but i couldnt get an effciency. I used scapy and its sniff method to sniff packages. I am not sure the right way to solve the problem with Python. I will be happy if you help me with your ideas? -- Oğuz Yarımtepe www.yarimtepe.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Dec 31)
QOTW: "I find the best approach is to use multiple languages." - Roger Binns "All generators can be re-written with classes using the iterator protocol." - Jean-Paul Calderone Mutable default arguments revisited: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/33b7b1a1f62c9d91/ itertools.dropwhile/takewhile might be deprecated: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/8e19a68c0047430a/ Getting n items at a time from a generator: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/4696a3b3e1a6d691/ A design decision: have an Article class, want a list of all Articles: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/9be37092d1c3c465/ Looking for a common API for parallel processing: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/57ef7cf6fc5e49b2/ Why is pythonXX.dll installed in a system directory, and not besides the python executable? http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/1c165cabaa7208eb/ Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in these pages: Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional center of Pythonia http://www.python.org Notice especially the master FAQ http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the marvelous daily python url http://www.pythonware.com/daily Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new) World-Wide Web articles related to Python. http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL are utterly different in their technologies and generally in their results. Just beginning with Python? This page is a great place to start: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers The Python Papers aims to publish "the efforts of Python enthusiats": http://pythonpapers.org/ The Python Magazine is a technical monthly devoted to Python: http://pythonmagazine.com Readers have recommended the "Planet" sites: http://planetpython.org http://planet.python.org comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software. Be sure to scan this newsgroup weekly. http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python.announce Python411 indexes "podcasts ... to help people learn Python ..." Updates appear more-than-weekly: http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html Steve Bethard continues the marvelous tradition early borne by Andrew Kuchling, Michael Hudson, Brett Cannon, Tony Meyer, and Tim Lesher of intelligently summarizing action on the python-dev mailing list once every other week. http://www.python.org/dev/summary/ The Python Package Index catalogues packages. http://www.python.org/pypi/ The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references to all sorts of Python resources. http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/ Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group mailing lists http://www.python.org/sigs/ Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're subject with a vision of what the language makes practical. http://www.pythonology.com/success The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python Consortium as an independent nexus of activity. It has official responsibility for Python's development and maintenance. http://www.python.org/psf/ Among the ways you can support PSF is with a donation. http://www.python.org/psf/donate.html Kurt B. Kaiser publishes a weekly report on faults and patches. http://www.google.com/groups?as_usubject=weekly%20python%20patch Although unmaintained since 2002, the Cetus collection of Python hyperlinks retains a few gems. http://www.cetus-links.org/oo_python.html Python FAQTS http://python.faqts.com/ The Cookbook is a collaborative effort to capture useful and interesting recipes. http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python Many Python conferences around the world are in preparation. Watch this space for links to them. Among several Python-oriented RSS/RDF feeds available are http://www.python.org/channews.rdf http://bootleg-rss.g-blog.net/pythonware_com_daily.pcgi http://python.de/backend.php For more, see http://www.syndic8.com/feedlist.php?ShowMatch=python&ShowStatus=all The old Python "To-Do List" now lives principally in a SourceForge reincarnation.
Re: at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
On Dec 31, 2:45 am, Stef Mientki <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > So what I need was something like: > if A != A_prev : > ... do something > A_prev = A If A_prev is not declared prior to the if statement, you will get an error when you try to compare the non-existing variable to A. This code will work, at least for the snippet you provided. A_prev="" if A != A_prev : ... do something A_prev = A Please cut and paste the exact error message in the future. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
Stef Mientki wrote: > hello, > > I had a program that worked perfectly well. > In this program modules were dynamically added, > just by putting the file in a predefined directory. > > Now one of the interface mechanisms was to see if some parameter was > changed in a an instance, > by comparing the value from the instance with its previous value > > This went all well, untill I added a too complex variable, > then the program stopped working, without generating exceptions. > > So it seems that comparing a too complex value isn't allowed. > the variable was something like: > > A = [ , , ..., [,,...], [, > , ... ] ] > > So what I need was something like: >if A != A_prev : >... do something >A_prev = A > > And this crashes, or at least it doesn't work but also doesn't generate > exceptions. > It does seems to work, if A only contains 1 array. > > Why am I not allowed to compare A and A_prev ?? > And in general, how complex might a list be to make a valid comparison, > or what are the rules ? I suspect that some of the objects in A have either undefined (or ill-defined) comparison methods, so that the overall list comparison does not do what you expect. I'm not sure what ndarray and color are, but check their comparison methods (you know, __cmp__, __lt__, __eq__, etc). (If that isn't clear, please see http://effbot.org/pyref/__lt__.htm.) --Hans -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Trajectory Module?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb: > Greetings, > > I was wondering if there was a python Module/Library out there that > handles some trajectory/physics stuff like moving an object along a > straight path in an X,Y 2D (or 3D) plane or calculating parabolic > arcs. I'd really settle for just the moving of an object along a > straight line. > > I know it's not terribly difficult to implement this on your own, but > I'd rather not re-invent the wheel if someone else already did a good > job of it the first time. Maybe the ODE library and it's Python-wrapping PyODE are useful for you. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Trajectory Module?
On Dec 31, 9:40 am, "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Greetings, > > I was wondering if there was a python Module/Library out there that > handles some trajectory/physics stuff like moving an object along a > straight path in an X,Y 2D (or 3D) plane or calculating parabolic > arcs. I'd really settle for just the moving of an object along a > straight line. > > I know it's not terribly difficult to implement this on your own, but > I'd rather not re-invent the wheel if someone else already did a good > job of it the first time. > > Thanks! Try VPython. -- Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bizarre behavior with mutable default arguments
On Dec 31, 10:58 am, Odalrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 30 Dec, 17:26, George Sakkis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > On Dec 29, 9:14 pm, bukzor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > Here's the answer to the > > > question:http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-default-values-shared-... > > > > It looks like Guido disagrees with me, so the discussion is closed. > > > Note that the FAQ mainly explains *what* happens, not *why* was this > > decision taken. Although it shows an example where "this feature can > > be useful", it's neither the only way to do it nor is memoization as > > common as wanting fresh default arguments on every call. > > I'm surprised noone has said anything about the why of default > mutables. I think it is becasue it isn't easy to do it an other way. [...] There is an easy enough way: evaluate default values when the function is called rather than when it is defined. This behaviour comes with its own caveats as well I imagine, and it's not 'as easy' to implement as the current one. What's good about the current behaviour is that it is easy to reason with (once you know what happens), even though you almost have to get bitten once. But using this to have static variable is extremely ugly IMHO. -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
Perhaps you'd be better off using a standard property? Within your Person
class, you can define a property 'name' to handle what you're trying to do:
Python 2.5 (r25:51918, Sep 19 2006, 08:49:13)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5341)] on darwin
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
Personal firewall software may warn about the connection IDLE
makes to its subprocess using this computer's internal loopback
interface. This connection is not visible on any external
interface and no data is sent to or received from the Internet.
IDLE 1.2
>>>
>>> class Person(object):
def __init__(self, fname, lname):
self.fname = fname
self.lname = lname
def get_name(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.fname, self.lname)
def set_name(self, name):
self.fname, self.lname = name
name = property(get_name, set_name)
>>> p = Person('first', 'last')
>>> p.name
'first last'
>>> p.name = ('first2', 'last2')
>>> p.name
'first2 last2'
>>>
I found http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm#properties to be
a pretty good reference.
Thanks,
Jeff
On 12/31/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> Hi Python Community:
>
> Despite my new-ness to Python I have alreadhy been able to do some (I
> think) amazing things. It is a truly elegant and smart language.
>
> Yet, I can not seem to get a handle on something simple.
>
> I would like to make a class which has private varaiables fName and
> lName. It should have a property "name" which can get or set a name.
> Something like as follows:
>
> class Person:
> def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
> self.__fName = fName
> self.__lName = lName
>
> def __getattr__(self, attr):
> if attr == "name":
> return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
>
> def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
> # this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
> if attr == "name":
> self.__fName, self.__lName = value
>
>
> P = Person()
>
> P.name = ("Joe", "Smith")
>
> print P.name
>
> This fails with the following note:
>
> >>>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 20, in
> print P.name
> File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 8, in __getattr__
> return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'str'
>
> I don't understand why this fails. I thought perhaps I need to make
> the __getattr__ function like this
>
> def __getattr__(self, attr):
> if attr == "name":
> return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
> elif attr == "__fName":
> return self.__fName
> elif attr == "__lName":
> return self.__lName
>
> But that still fails.
>
> Can someone please tell me what I am doing wrong?
>
> Thansk in advance,
>
> Chris ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 14:56:02 -0200, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�:
> Hi Python Community:
>
> Despite my new-ness to Python I have alreadhy been able to do some (I
> think) amazing things. It is a truly elegant and smart language.
>
> Yet, I can not seem to get a handle on something simple.
>
> I would like to make a class which has private varaiables fName and
> lName. It should have a property "name" which can get or set a name.
> Something like as follows:
>
> class Person:
> def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
> self.__fName = fName
> self.__lName = lName
>
> def __getattr__(self, attr):
> if attr == "name":
> return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
>
> def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
> # this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
> if attr == "name":
> self.__fName, self.__lName = value
__getattr__ gets called when an attribute lookup fails in the "standard"
places. Your version, when attr is not "name", does nothing - effectively
returning None for *any* other attribute.
You should raise an AttributeError instead: add this line after the if:
raise AttributeError, attr
__setattr__, on the other hand, is called with *any* attempt to set an
attribute. Your version effectively makes Person "read only"; the only
attribute you can set is "name". We could fix that, but there are better
ways. Forget about __getattr__ and __setattr__ and use a property:
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
self._fName = fName
self._lName = lName
def getName(self):
return "%s %s" % (self._fName, self._lName)
def setName(self, value):
self._fName, self._lName = value
name = property(getName, setName)
Note that:
- I've inherited Person from object. Person is then a "new-style" class,
and only "new-style" classes support properties (and other goodies).
- I've used _fName instead of __fName. The single _ is an indication to
the outside "warning, this is an implementation detail, don't play with
it". (Two underscores are (rarely) used when you want to minimize name
collisions with subclasses.)
- name is now a property, associated to the two functions getName and
setName. It works the way you want:
py> p = Person("John", "Smith")
py> p.name
'John Smith'
py> p.name = "Tom", "Sawyer"
py> p.name
'Tom Sawyer'
Something I don't like in this design, is that you can't assign the
property to itself; p.name = p.name fails because the "set" expects a
tuple and the "get" returns a single string.
--
Gabriel Genellina
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
A couple items of note:
> class Person:
This should be "class Person(object)" to take advantage of some
of the features that new-style classes offer...particularly in
this case.
> def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
> self.__fName = fName
> self.__lName = lName
>
> def __getattr__(self, attr):
> if attr == "name":
> return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
>
> def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
> # this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
> if attr == "name":
> self.__fName, self.__lName = value
if the attr isn't "name", no default behavior gets called here.
The common way, with new-style classes is to add
else:
parent(Person, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
Do be aware that this has some odd behaviors when what you put in
and what you get out are different types:
>>> p1.name = ("Joe", "Smith")
>>> p2.name = p1.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "x.py", line 22, in ?
p2.name = P.name
File "x.py", line 13, in __setattr__
self.__fName, self.__lName = value
ValueError: too many values to unpack
(slightly munged traceback as it actually came from the test
input file rather than the interactive prompt)
-tim
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore it's size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
Thanks you Gabriel and Timm for your thoughtful responses. I am very
appreciative.
I had heard about the properties function, but wanted to understand
the old syntax first before I tried that. Thanks to your responses, I
was able to see what the problem was.
Here is a solution I came up with:
class Person():
def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
self.__fName = fName
self.__lName = lName
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == "name":
return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
else:
return self.__dict__[attr]
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
# this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
if attr == "name":
self.__fName, self.__lName = value
else:
self.__dict__[attr] = value
P = Person("Joe", "Smith")
print P.name
P.name = ("Jane", "Doe")
print P.name
This works as expected printing "Joe Smith" and then "Jane Doe".
To be honest, I think the above old syle (I guess) method is pretty
cool and elegant.
Thanks again and have a GREAT NEW YEAR!!
Chris ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
I didn't actually answer your question, my apologies!
The reason you're failing is due to your use of the __setattr__ call.
Remember, when you override __setattr__, you need to handle *all* of the
logic behind setting object attributes. You're only attempting to do so
when handling the 'name' property. Your __setattr__ method is going to be
called on all assignments, even those internal to the object referencing
self.
For example:
>> class Example(object):
__hidden = 1
nothidden = 2
def __getattr__(self, attr):
print 'getting %s' % attr
if attr == '__hidden':
return self.__hidden
elif attr == 'fakeme':
return 'fakeme+%s' % self.__hidden
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
print 'setting %s to %s' % (attr, value)
if attr == 'fakeme':
self.__hidden = value
The initial value of 'fakeme' is as defined:
>>> e = Example()
>>> e.fakeme
getting fakeme
'fakeme+1'
>>>
Now, we try to set it to something new using the overridden __setattr__
method:
>>> e.fakeme = 10
setting fakeme to 10
setting _Example__hidden to 10
>>>
Ah! Two calls to __setattr__! First, our explicit 'e.fakeme = 10' executes
it. Next, it's triggered again recursively when 'self.__hidden = value' is
called.
Your __init__ method itself is triggering a __setattr__ call, so the
corresponding attributes are never actually set:
>>> class Example(object):
def __init__(self, hidden=1):
self.__hidden = hidden
def __getattr__(self, attr):
print 'getting %s' % attr
if attr == '__hidden':
return self.__hidden
elif attr == 'fakeme':
return 'fakeme+%s' % self.__hidden
def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
print 'setting %s to %s' % (attr, value)
if attr == 'fakeme':
self.__hidden = value
>>> e = Example()
setting _Example__hidden to 1
>>> type (e._Example__hidden)
getting _Example__hidden
Hope that helps,
Jeff
On 12/31/07, Jeff McNeil <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> Perhaps you'd be better off using a standard property? Within your Person
> class, you can define a property 'name' to handle what you're trying to do:
>
> Python 2.5 (r25:51918, Sep 19 2006, 08:49:13)
> [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5341)] on darwin
> Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>
>
>
> Personal firewall software may warn about the connection IDLE
> makes to its subprocess using this computer's internal loopback
> interface. This connection is not visible on any external
> interface and no data is sent to or received from the Internet.
>
>
> IDLE 1.2
> >>>
>
>
> >>> class Person(object):
> def __init__(self, fname, lname):
> self.fname = fname
> self.lname = lname
> def get_name(self):
> return '%s %s' % (self.fname, self.lname)
> def set_name(self, name):
> self.fname, self.lname = name
> name = property(get_name, set_name)
>
>
> >>> p = Person('first', 'last')
> >>> p.name
> 'first last'
> >>> p.name = ('first2', 'last2')
> >>> p.name
> 'first2 last2'
> >>>
>
>
> I found http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm#properties to
> be a pretty good reference.
>
>
> Thanks,
>
>
> Jeff
>
>
>
> On 12/31/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Python Community:
> >
> > Despite my new-ness to Python I have alreadhy been able to do some (I
> > think) amazing things. It is a truly elegant and smart language.
> >
> > Yet, I can not seem to get a handle on something simple.
> >
> > I would like to make a class which has private varaiables fName and
> > lName. It should have a property "name" which can get or set a name.
> > Something like as follows:
> >
> > class Person:
> > def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""):
> > self.__fName = fName
> > self.__lName = lName
> >
> > def __getattr__(self, attr):
> > if attr == "name":
> > return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
> >
> > def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
> > # this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name
> > if attr == "name":
> > self.__fName, self.__lName = value
> >
> >
> > P = Person()
> >
> > P.name = ("Joe", "Smith")
> >
> > print P.name
> >
> > This fails with the following note:
> >
> > >>>
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 20, in
> > print P.name
> > File "C:\Python\testObject.py", line 8, in __getattr__
> > return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
> > TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'NoneType' and 'str'
> >
> > I don't understand why this fails. I thought perhaps I need to make
> > the __getattr__ function like this
> >
> > def __getattr__(self, attr):
> > if attr == "name":
> > return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName
> > elif attr == "__fName":
> > return self.__fName
> > elif attr == "__lName":
> > return self.__lName
> >
> > But that still fails.
> >
> > Can someone pl
Re: evolution-python
Thanks a lot Egon it really helped me, I have used evolution-addressbook-export --format=vcard -- output=file_name.txt by, Eloi On Dec 31, 10:47 am, Egon Frerich <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > eloi-ribeiro.blogspot.com schrieb: > > > Hi everyone, > > > I would like to use a python script to export (save as...) all my > > contacts in Evolution to VCard format (.vcf). I am a beginner so I > > don't knock how to use evolution-python module. The second part of the > > script would be to make inserts to a database, at these second part, I > > think I can menage my self. > > > Thanks in advance and happy new year to everyone, > > > Eloi > > You can use /usr/lib/evolution/2.12/evolution-addressbook-export > > Egon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: at what complexity, a comparison fails ?
Stef Mientki wrote: > hello, > > I had a program that worked perfectly well. > In this program modules were dynamically added, > just by putting the file in a predefined directory. > > Now one of the interface mechanisms was to see if some parameter was > changed in a an instance, > by comparing the value from the instance with its previous value > > This went all well, untill I added a too complex variable, > then the program stopped working, without generating exceptions. > > So it seems that comparing a too complex value isn't allowed. > the variable was something like: > > A = [ , , ..., [,,...], [, > , ... ] ] > > So what I need was something like: > if A != A_prev : > ... do something > A_prev = A > > And this crashes, or at least it doesn't work but also doesn't generate > exceptions. > It does seems to work, if A only contains 1 array. > > Why am I not allowed to compare A and A_prev ?? > And in general, how complex might a list be to make a valid comparison, > or what are the rules ? Remember that numpy arrays use rich comparisons. (ndarray1 != ndarray2) gives another array, not a boolean value. The resulting array cannot be used in an "if" clause. -- Robert Kern "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth." -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: os.fork leaving processes behind
On Dec 28, 12:11 am, "Gabriel Genellina" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'd try to use any of the existing server implementations in > SocketServer.py, but if you insist on using your own, look at the > ForkingMixin class as an example of using waitpid() to avoid having zombie > processes. > > -- > Gabriel Genellina Thanks for the excellent advice. I went with the SocketServer, and I'm quite happy with the results. I had not considered it earlier due to the atrocious documentation on the Python site. Google helped with that immensely. G -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unexpected __metaclass__ method behavior
On Dec 31, 12:06 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > Well, you see, I have some database functions that deal with "things" > which are either classes or instances thereof. I though polymorphism > would be a nice way to handle them identically, like: > > def do(thing): thing.Foo() > do(t) > do(Test) > > But never mind, I now understand that Test.__dict__ can contain only > one entry for 'Foo', and that this must be matched. > > Kind regards, > Sebastian Of course you can do this. The trick is *not* to use metaclasses! class Bar(object): def foo(self): return 'instance foo' @classmethod def classfoo(cls): return 'class foo' def do(x): if isinstance(x, type): return x.classfoo() else: return x.foo() Then: >>> bar = Bar() >>> do(bar) 'instance foo' >>> do(Bar) 'class foo' HTH -- Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 15:40:31 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�: > Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore it's > size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it > so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory As big as would fit on available memory. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
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Re: Newbie: Why doesn't this work
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 16:01:38 -0200, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�: > Thanks you Gabriel and Timm for your thoughtful responses. I am very > appreciative. > > I had heard about the properties function, but wanted to understand > the old syntax first before I tried that. Thanks to your responses, I > was able to see what the problem was. > > Here is a solution I came up with: > > class Person(): > def __init__(self, fName="", lName=""): > self.__fName = fName > self.__lName = lName > > def __getattr__(self, attr): > if attr == "name": > return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName > else: > return self.__dict__[attr] > > def __setattr__(self, attr, value): > # this assumes that value is a tuple of first and last name > if attr == "name": > self.__fName, self.__lName = value > else: > self.__dict__[attr] = value > Almost. __getattr__ is called *after* searching the name in the standard places, including self.__dict__, so there is no point in looking there again as it will fail certainly (with a KeyError instead of the right AttributeError). def __getattr__(self, attr): if attr == "name": return self.__fName + " " + self.__lName raise AttributeError, attr (__getattr__ and __setattr__ despite their names, are not very symmetrical) > To be honest, I think the above old syle (I guess) method is pretty > cool and elegant. If you have one or two special attributes, may be fine. But when you want to define many properties, it becomes unmanageable. And notice that the mere existence of those methods slows down A LOT *all* attribute accesses, not just the ones related to your special names. > Thanks again and have a GREAT NEW YEAR!! You too! -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
However some Debuggers will not show you variable's that are too big! On Dec 31, 2007 7:38 PM, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 15:40:31 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > escribi�: > > > Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore it's > > size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it > > so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory > > As big as would fit on available memory. > > -- > Gabriel Genellina > > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://search.goldwatches.com/?Search=Movado+Watches http://www.jewelerslounge.com http://www.goldwatches.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python for web...
The issue is finding a host with mod_python installed for cheap! On Dec 31, 2007 7:57 AM, David Van Mosselbeen < [EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > on Tue, 25 Dec 2007 20:42:03 -0800 (PST), [EMAIL PROTECTED] < > [EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > Hi everyone, > > > > I have to develop a web based enterprise application for my final year > > project. Since i am interested in open source, i searched the net. > > Almost 90% of them were PHP and MySQL. Cant we use python for that ? I > > tried several sites, but there is not enough tutorial for beginners > > [mod_python, PSP etc]. I couldnt find any detailed book, not even a > > single book :( All the python books are covering only CGI part) > > > > Any suggestions? Any recommended book? > > > > Execuse my English. > > > > Thushanthan. > > You can also take a look to `webpy` and `cherrypy`. These where not yet > mentioned. > > -- > David Van Mosselbeen > http://dvm.zapto.org:8080/ > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://search.goldwatches.com/?Search=Movado+Watches http://www.jewelerslounge.com http://www.goldwatches.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in teh same way
When dealing with files you pass it an object! So make your string an object and then it should work! On Dec 31, 2007 8:17 AM, Paddy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Dec 31, 3:42 am, "Peter Pei" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > One bad design about elementtree is that it has different ways parsing a > > string and a file, even worse they return different objects: > > 1) When you parse a file, you can simply call parse, which returns a > > elementtree, on which you can then apply xpath; > > 2) To parse a string (xml section), you can call XML or fromstring, but > both > > return element instead of elementtree. This alone is bad. To make it > worse, > > you have to create an elementtree from this element before you can > utilize > > xpath. > > I haven't tried this, but you should be able to wrap your text string > so that it looks like a file using the stringio module and pass that > to elementtree: > > http://blog.doughellmann.com/2007/04/pymotw-stringio-and-cstringio.html > > - Paddy. > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://search.goldwatches.com/?Search=Movado+Watches http://www.jewelerslounge.com http://www.goldwatches.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pexpect ssh login and ls | grep
I need to ssh into a remote machine and check if mytest.log file is
there. I have setup ssh keys to handle login authentications.
How do I determine if mytest.log is there by using Pexpect. What I
have done so far is spawned a child for ssh.
1) Now what do I do to execute shell_cmd(ls and grep), spawn another
child?
2) Can I use the same child that was spawned for ssh, if so how?
3) After executing the ls -l|grep mystest.log, how do I get the value
from pexpect?
shell_cmd = 'ls -l | grep mytest.log'
child = pexpect.spawn ('ssh [EMAIL PROTECTED]')
#child.sendline(shell_cmd)
>>> child.sendline("ls")
3
>>> print child.before
:~[
>>> child.after
'[EMAIL PROTECTED] '
>>> child.sendline('/bin/bash', ['-c',shell_cmd])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in ?
TypeError: sendline() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given)
thanks,
joe
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bizarre behavior with mutable default arguments
On 31 Dec, 18:22, Arnaud Delobelle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Dec 31, 10:58 am, Odalrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > On 30 Dec, 17:26, George Sakkis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > On Dec 29, 9:14 pm, bukzor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > Here's the answer to the > > > > question:http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-default-values-shared-... > > > > > It looks like Guido disagrees with me, so the discussion is closed. > > > > Note that the FAQ mainly explains *what* happens, not *why* was this > > > decision taken. Although it shows an example where "this feature can > > > be useful", it's neither the only way to do it nor is memoization as > > > common as wanting fresh default arguments on every call. > > > I'm surprised noone has said anything about the why of default > > mutables. I think it is becasue it isn't easy to do it an other way. > > [...] > > There is an easy enough way: evaluate default values when the function > is called rather than when it is defined. This behaviour comes with > its own caveats as well I imagine, and it's not 'as easy' to implement > as the current one. > Adding overhead to *all* function calls, even the ones without mutable defaults. That doesn't sound like an attractive tradeoff. > What's good about the current behaviour is that it is easy to reason > with (once you know what happens), even though you almost have to get > bitten once. But using this to have static variable is extremely ugly > IMHO. > > -- > Arnaud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Trajectory Module?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > Greetings, > > I was wondering if there was a python Module/Library out there that > handles some trajectory/physics stuff like moving an object along a > straight path in an X,Y 2D (or 3D) plane or calculating parabolic > arcs. I'd really settle for just the moving of an object along a > straight line. > > I know it's not terribly difficult to implement this on your own, but > I'd rather not re-invent the wheel if someone else already did a good > job of it the first time. > > Thanks! If you combine the advice of Diez B. Roggish and Paul McGuire: Download and install VPython. Download and install PyODE. Get and run VPython Contributed program: http://www.vpython.org/contributed/visualjoints.py which shows a weight on a hinge with another attached to the ball; quite believable dynamics. Although the code is really not carefully written, looking at it may give you a sense of how little work you'll have to do to get some physics action going. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: OOP: How to implement listing al 'Employees'.
On Dec 29, 1:53 am, Petar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Let me explain how I got to this question. I had written een Article > class which handled the articles that I had. On a certain page I > wanted to show all the articles. That got me wondering about what to > do. Should I make a method in my Article.class which returned multiple > articles, or should I just use my current Article.class and fill a > list (with a loop) with articles. The first solution thus meaning > writing another method, the latter method to just use the current > Article.class and call it multiple times. A class method would be ideal for this if you have no other reason to create an Articles class: @classmethod def all(class_): ret = [] for a in THE_ARTICLES: article = class_(a) ret.append(article) return ret Definitely don't use an instance method, which is expected to operate on one article without making additional Article instances. Mark 'Blackjack' Rintsch wrote: > Then maybe it should not be a class. Maybe a function returning > `Article`\s would be enough. This is not Java, not everything > has to be stuffed into classes. True, but this function is logically related to the Article class, so it's convenient to put them together. Then the user can just "from __ import Article" rather than "from __ import Article, get_all_articles, what_was_that_other_function?". -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bizarre behavior with mutable default arguments
On Dec 31, 2007 2:08 PM, Odalrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On 31 Dec, 18:22, Arnaud Delobelle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > On Dec 31, 10:58 am, Odalrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > On 30 Dec, 17:26, George Sakkis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > > On Dec 29, 9:14 pm, bukzor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > > > Here's the answer to the > > > > > question:http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-default-values-shared-... > > > > > > > It looks like Guido disagrees with me, so the discussion is closed. > > > > > > Note that the FAQ mainly explains *what* happens, not *why* was this > > > > decision taken. Although it shows an example where "this feature can > > > > be useful", it's neither the only way to do it nor is memoization as > > > > common as wanting fresh default arguments on every call. > > > > > I'm surprised noone has said anything about the why of default > > > mutables. I think it is becasue it isn't easy to do it an other way. > > > > [...] > > > > There is an easy enough way: evaluate default values when the function > > is called rather than when it is defined. This behaviour comes with > > its own caveats as well I imagine, and it's not 'as easy' to implement > > as the current one. > > > > Adding overhead to *all* function calls, even the ones without mutable > defaults. That doesn't sound like an attractive tradeoff. > And also removing the only way you can currently do early binding in Python. I agree that it's a gotcha, but unless someone comes up with an answer to the following questions, I'll stick with the status quo (Note that this is not blind Python group-think as a previous poster implied, but a pragmatic decision that this is the most practical solution): a) If we don't evaluate default arguments at function compilation, when do we do it? b) If you do it at call time, how do you implement early binding? c) If you want to introduce new syntax for the current behavior, what is it and can you justify it? d) What are the performance implications of your proposal versus the current behavior? Note that the desired behavior can be implemented under the current behavior, at the expense of verbosity - using factories and sentinel values as the default arguments, and then expanding them in the function. It's not possible to implement the current behavior of early-bound arguments if default arguments are evaluated with every call. This alone is a good reason to keep the current behavior until someone actually has a good alternative that covers the current use cases and isn't just upset by the behavior. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Choosing a new language
Xah Lee <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >Let me tell you, since you know PHP, that PHP and Perl are practically >identical in their high-levelness or expressiveness or field of >application (and syntax), and, Perl and Python are pretty much the >same except their syntax. I agree with the fundamental sentiment here, but it's important to note that the syntax difference between Perl and Python is an enormous consideration. The biggest problem with Perl's syntax, in my view, is that it is darned near impossible to write Perl code that can be read and understood later, by anyone, including the author. I've used both languages extensively, and even with all of that experience, it takes considerable effort for me to go back to the Perl scripts I wrote 4 or 5 years ago and grasp what they actually do. With Python, on the other hand, much of the source code reads like English prose. It's certainly possible to code "write-only" sequences by abusing comprehensions and generators, but obfuscations like that are the exception rather than the rule. -- Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
On Dec 31, 11:26 am, "James Matthews" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > However some Debuggers will not show you variable's that are too big! > > On Dec 31, 2007 7:38 PM, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 15:40:31 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > escribi�: > > > > Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore it's > > > size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it > > > so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory > > > As big as would fit on available memory. Is that mean that i can deal with files with size more than 2GB only if the available memory allow -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Choosing a new language
Tim Roberts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Xah Lee <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > >Let me tell you, since you know PHP, that PHP and Perl are > >practically identical in their high-levelness or expressiveness or > >field of application (and syntax), and, Perl and Python are pretty > >much the same except their syntax. > > I agree with the fundamental sentiment here, but it's important to > note that the syntax difference between Perl and Python is an enormous > consideration. > > The biggest problem with Perl's syntax, in my view, is that it is > darned near impossible to write Perl code that can be read and > understood later, by anyone, including the author. I've used both > languages extensively, and even with all of that experience, it takes > considerable effort for me to go back to the Perl scripts I wrote 4 > or 5 years ago and grasp what they actually do. > > With Python, on the other hand, much of the source code reads like > English prose. It's certainly possible to code "write-only" > sequences by abusing comprehensions and generators, but obfuscations > like that are the exception rather than the rule. Should I start a flame war? Shouldn't I? It's New Year's Eve, after all, fits quite nicely. Perl excels on executing braindumps. Python is quite good in that area, too. Haskell, too, but only if you think Haskell. And Haskell has style. Good style. Very good style, to be exact. In the end that means that you can't read your Perl and Python programs 'cos your brain was a bit muddy at the time you wrote it. Well, with Haskell this would never happen, as you wouldn't have ever been able to write such atrocious code in the first place. You would rather think about the problem in detail, get disabused by old aunty typecheck, abstract, and write completely unintelligent code _after_ understanding that your brainmuddiness was actually complete clarity, it was the language you were trying to implement it in that made it muddy. And now please all stop posting and let me get completely drunk in relative peace. -- (c) this sig last receiving data processing entity. Inspect headers for past copyright information. All rights reserved. Unauthorised copying, hiring, renting, public performance and/or broadcasting of this signature prohibited. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
On Dec 31, 4:05 pm, "هنداوى" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Dec 31, 11:26 am, "James Matthews" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > However some Debuggers will not show you variable's that are too big! > > > On Dec 31, 2007 7:38 PM, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 15:40:31 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > > escribi�: > > > > > Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore it's > > > > size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it > > > > so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory > > > > As big as would fit on available memory. > > Is that mean that i can deal with files with size more than 2GB only > if the available memory allow No, files can be often be dealt with in manageable chunks. Instead of reading the entire file into memory, often it suffices to read in a line at a time. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
argv[0] and __file__ inconsistency
I currently use ActivePython 2.5.1. Consider the following code which I saved as cmdline.py: import sys print sys.argv[0] If I invoke this code as 'python cmdline.py', then the output is: cmdline.py If I invoke it as 'cmdline.py', then the output is: C:\Users\hai\src\python\cmdline.py The same happens for __file__. My question: do you have any suggestions for a more consistent way to figure out the full path of your script? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What's the limit of variables size in pyhton?
En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 20:05:41 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> escribi�: > On Dec 31, 11:26 am, "James Matthews" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> However some Debuggers will not show you variable's that are too big! >> >> On Dec 31, 2007 7:38 PM, Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >> wrote: >> >> > En Mon, 31 Dec 2007 15:40:31 -0200, هنداوى <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >> > escribi�: >> >> > > Python allow you to only take care about variable name and ignore >> it's >> > > size because pyhton dynamicly allocate it >> > > so what's the limit in the allocated size in the memory >> >> > As big as would fit on available memory. > > Is that mean that i can deal with files with size more than 2GB only > if the available memory allow To be more precise, that depends on the OS. On Windows there is a limit of 2GB adressable memory per process (this is unrelated to the amount of physical memory). You may increase that limit to 3GB. I think Python can handle all the memory the OS is able to provide. But do you actually have to keep the whole file in memory? -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: argv[0] and __file__ inconsistency
On Jan 1, 9:31 am, Hai Vu <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I currently use ActivePython 2.5.1. Consider the following code which > I saved as cmdline.py: > import sys > print sys.argv[0] > If I invoke this code as 'python cmdline.py', then the output is: > cmdline.py > If I invoke it as 'cmdline.py', then the output is: > C:\Users\hai\src\python\cmdline.py > > The same happens for __file__. My question: do you have any > suggestions for a more consistent way to figure out the full path of > your script? use os.path.abspath -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pexpect ssh login and ls | grep
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
crybaby <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I need to ssh into a remote machine and check if mytest.log file is
>there. I have setup ssh keys to handle login authentications.
>
>How do I determine if mytest.log is there by using Pexpect. What I
>have done so far is spawned a child for ssh.
>
>1) Now what do I do to execute shell_cmd(ls and grep), spawn another
>child?
>
>2) Can I use the same child that was spawned for ssh, if so how?
>
>3) After executing the ls -l|grep mystest.log, how do I get the value
>from pexpect?
>
>shell_cmd = 'ls -l | grep mytest.log'
>child = pexpect.spawn ('ssh [EMAIL PROTECTED]')
>#child.sendline(shell_cmd)
>
child.sendline("ls")
>3
print child.before
>:~[
child.after
>'[EMAIL PROTECTED] '
>
child.sendline('/bin/bash', ['-c',shell_cmd])
>Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "", line 1, in ?
>TypeError: sendline() takes at most 2 arguments (3 given)
.
.
.
You might like to experiment with this:
import pexpect
prompt = '\$ '
filename = "mytest.log"
password = "xx"
child = pexpect.spawn('ssh -l %s %s ' (user, host))
child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, '[Pp]assword: '])
child.sendline(password)
child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, prompt])
child.sendline("ls %s > /dev/null 2>&1; echo $?" % filename)
child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, prompt])
result = child.before
# You'll typically see "0" or "2" here, depending on
# whether filename exists or not.
print result.split('\r\n')[1]
Does this leave any questions?
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: argv[0] and __file__ inconsistency
> use os.path.abspath Bingo! This is just what the doctor ordered. Thank you. Hai -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 08:03:22 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: > Steven D'Aprano wrote: >> ... >> I'm not sure if this is your only problem or not, but super() only >> works with new-style classes, not with classic classes. You must >> inherit from object, or it cannot possibly work. >> >> Change "class A" to "class A(object)". > Absolutely correct. > > However, the suggested simpler code cannot work on any released Python: > >> def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. >> def f(self, *args, **kwargs): >> result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) >> S = super(self.__class__, self) > This line is the problem. The class parameter needs to be the class > name (B in this case) in which the chaining method is defined, not that > of the object itself. One minor correction: the class parameter needs to be the class *itself*, not the class *name* (which would be the string "B"). I don't quite understand your description though. What do you mean "the chaining method is defined"? chain() is defined outside of a class. [snip] > You'll see the problem once you figure out what goes wrong with: >class C(B): >@chain >def foo(self, x): >print "This is C!!!" >return x + 2 > >C().foo(5) Hmmm... obviously I did insufficient testing. That's certainly a problem. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: argv[0] and __file__ inconsistency
On Mon, Dec 31, 2007 at 02:31:39PM -0800, Hai Vu wrote: > I currently use ActivePython 2.5.1. Consider the following code which > I saved as cmdline.py: > import sys > print sys.argv[0] > If I invoke this code as 'python cmdline.py', then the output is: > cmdline.py > If I invoke it as 'cmdline.py', then the output is: > C:\Users\hai\src\python\cmdline.py > > The same happens for __file__. My question: do you have any > suggestions for a more consistent way to figure out the full path of > your script? How about:: from os.path import abspath scriptname = abspath(sys.argv[0]) signature.asc Description: Digital signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
Steven D'Aprano wrote: > On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 08:03:22 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: >> Steven D'Aprano wrote: ... >>> def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. >>> def f(self, *args, **kwargs): >>> result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) >>> S = super(self.__class__, self) >> This line is the problem. The class parameter needs to be the class >> (B in this case) in which the chaining method is defined, not that >> of the object itself. > One minor correction: the class parameter needs to be the class *itself*, > not the class *name* (which would be the string "B"). Point taken. > I don't quite understand your description though. What do you mean "the > chaining method is defined"? chain() is defined outside of a class. The class where f (the chaining method) is defined; equivalently, the class in which the @chain is used. -Scott -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [OT] minimalist web server
> Using DSL (Damn Small Linux) try apache! Or you can try litehttpd > > > > Hi list, > > > > This is way off topic but maybe somebody knowledgeable can help. > > > > I'm looking for the most minimalist web server ever that does nothing > > else than return a fixed static page for every request. Regardless of > > what the request is, it just needs to be an HTTP request to port 80, > > the web server should return always the same html document. What would > > be the best choice for this? The goal is of course to minimize system > > resources in terms of memory, cpu, etc, etc. > > > > Cheers, > > Daniel I've written a *really* minimalistic web server that only serves blank pages. It's not python but C, if anyone interested: http://code.google.com/p/kwakd Happy new year to every python lover! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
You are talking shit. It is never about whether it is hard to write a wrapper. It is about bad design. I should be able to parse a string and a file in exactly same way, and that should be provided as part of the package. Looks like you are just a code monkey not a designer, so I forgive you. You didn't understand the issue I described? That's your issue. You are not at the same level to talk to me, so chill. === "Stefan Behnel" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Peter Pei wrote: >> One bad design about elementtree is that it has different ways parsing a >> string and a file, even worse they return different objects: >> 1) When you parse a file, you can simply call parse, which returns a >> elementtree, on which you can then apply xpath; > > ElementTree doesn't support XPath. In case you mean the simpler > ElementPath > language that is supported by the find*() methods, I do not see a reason > why > you can't use it on elements. > > >> 2) To parse a string (xml section), you can call XML or fromstring, but >> both return element instead of elementtree. This alone is bad. To make >> it worse, you have to create an elementtree from this element before you >> can utilize xpath. > > a) how hard is it to write a wrapper function around fromstring() that > wraps > the result Element in an ElementTree object and returns it? > > b) the same as above applies: I can't see the problem you are talking > about. > > Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
To be preise, XPath is not fully supported. Don't be a smart asshole. = "Stefan Behnel" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Peter Pei wrote: >> One bad design about elementtree is that it has different ways parsing a >> string and a file, even worse they return different objects: >> 1) When you parse a file, you can simply call parse, which returns a >> elementtree, on which you can then apply xpath; > > ElementTree doesn't support XPath. In case you mean the simpler > ElementPath > language that is supported by the find*() methods, I do not see a reason > why > you can't use it on elements. > > >> 2) To parse a string (xml section), you can call XML or fromstring, but >> both return element instead of elementtree. This alone is bad. To make >> it worse, you have to create an elementtree from this element before you >> can utilize xpath. > > a) how hard is it to write a wrapper function around fromstring() that > wraps > the result Element in an ElementTree object and returns it? > > b) the same as above applies: I can't see the problem you are talking > about. > > Stefan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 16:19:11 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: > Steven D'Aprano wrote: >> On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 08:03:22 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: >>> Steven D'Aprano wrote: ... def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. def f(self, *args, **kwargs): result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) S = super(self.__class__, self) >>> This line is the problem. The class parameter needs to be the class >>> (B in this case) in which the chaining method is defined, not that of >>> the object itself. >> One minor correction: the class parameter needs to be the class >> *itself*, not the class *name* (which would be the string "B"). > Point taken. > >> I don't quite understand your description though. What do you mean "the >> chaining method is defined"? chain() is defined outside of a class. > > The class where f (the chaining method) is defined; equivalently, the > class in which the @chain is used. So why doesn't self.__class__ work? That's the class in which @chain is used. I can clearly see that it doesn't work, I just don't understand why. I'd be inclined to chalk it up to super() being a mysterious black box that makes no sense *wink* except that the following decorator also doesn't work: def chain(meth): # A decorator for not calling super. def f(self, *args, **kwargs): result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) S = self.__class__.__base__ getattr(S, meth.__name__)(self, *args, **kwargs) return result return f -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pexpect ssh login and ls | grep
1) what are these characters:
\x1b]0;
~\x07\x1b[?1034h
in line '\x1b]0;[EMAIL PROTECTED]:[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]'?
2) Also, how come I don't get 0 or 2(excuting ls command exit code)
from result.split('\r\n')[0] or result.split('\r\n')[1] ?
This is what I get:
>>> import pexpect
>>> child=pexpect.spawn('ssh [EMAIL PROTECTED]')
>>> child.sendline("ls mytest.log > /dev/null 2>&1; echo $?")
41
>>> child.before
>>> print child.before
None
>>> print child.after
None
>>> child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, '\$ '])
1
>>> result=child.before
>>> print result.split('\r\n')[1]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]
>>> print result.split('\r\n')[0]
Last login: Mon Dec 31 20:52:09 2007 from com1
>>> print result.split('\r\n')
['Last login: Mon Dec 31 20:52:09 2007 from com1\r',
'\x1b]0;[EMAIL PROTECTED]:[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]']
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Re: ElementTree should parse string and file in the same way
On Tue, 01 Jan 2008 01:53:47 +, Peter Pei wrote: > You are talking shit. It is never about whether it is hard to write a > wrapper. It is about bad design. I should be able to parse a string and > a file in exactly same way, and that should be provided as part of the > package. Oh my, somebody decided to start the new year with all guns blazing. Before abusing anyone else, have you considered asking *why* ElementTree does not treat files and strings the same way? I believe the writer of ElementTree, Fredrik Lundh, frequents this newsgroup. It may be that Fredrik doesn't agree with you that you should be able to parse a string and a file the same way, in which case there's nothing you can do but work around it. On the other hand, perhaps he just hasn't had a chance to implement that functionality, and would welcome a patch. Fredrik, if you're reading this, I'm curious what your reason is. I don't have an opinion on whether you should or shouldn't treat files and strings the same way. Over to you... -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: dont loose packages
Oguz Yarimtepe wrote: > I am trying to write a program that will work on a machine which > is between a client and a server. What i want is to simulate the > bridging process. So the program should take the packages and able > to send them to the other interface. I dont want to loose package > and i want efficiency. Okay, you just want to simulate? For efficiency, you'd best use kernel packet filtering, e. g. netfilter (for GNU/Linux). > I tried to write a program in a multithreaded way Why? There isn't even any concurrency, just reading and writing packets in a linear fashion. > I am not sure the right way to solve the problem with Python. I > will be happy if you help me with your ideas? I think the most direct way would be using raw sockets. You could need to have root/administrator privileges. Regards, Björn -- BOFH excuse #126: it has Intel Inside -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: getting n items at a time from a generator
On Dec 27 2007, 11:31 pm, Kugutsumen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Dec 27, 7:24 pm, Terry Jones <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > > "Kugutsumen" == Kugutsumen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > > > Kugutsumen> On Dec 27, 7:07 pm, Paul Hankin <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > >> On Dec 27, 11:34 am, Kugutsumen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > >> > I am relatively new the python language and I am afraid to be missing > > >> > some clever construct or built-in way equivalent to my 'chunk' > > >> > generator below. > > > Kugutsumen> Thanks, I am going to take a look at itertools. I prefer the > > Kugutsumen> list version since I need to buffer that chunk in memory at > > Kugutsumen> this point. > > > Also consider this solution from O'Reilly's Python Cookbook (2nd Ed.) p705 > > > def chop(iterable, length=2): > > return izip(*(iter(iterable),) * length) > > > Terry > > [snip code] > > > Try this instead: > > > import itertools > > > def chunk(iterator, size): > > # I prefer the argument order to be the reverse of yours. > > while True: > > chunk = list(itertools.islice(iterator, size)) > > if chunk: yield chunk > > else: break > > Steven, I really like your version since I've managed to understand it > in one pass. > Paul's version works but is too obscure to read for me :) > > Thanks a lot again. To work with an arbitrary iterable, it needs an extra line at the start to ensure the iterator items are consumed correctly each time around the loop. It may also be better to ensure the final item is the same length as the other items - if that isn't the case (you want to know where the data really ends) then leave out the parts relating to adding the padding object. import itertools def chunk(iterable, size, pad=None): iterator = iter(iterable) padding = [pad] while True: chunk = list(itertools.islice(iterator, size)) if chunk: yield chunk + (padding*(size-len(chunk))) else: break Cheers, Nick. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: using super
Steven D'Aprano wrote: > On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 16:19:11 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: > >> Steven D'Aprano wrote: >>> On Mon, 31 Dec 2007 08:03:22 -0800, Scott David Daniels wrote: Steven D'Aprano wrote: ... > def chain(meth): # A decorator for calling super. > def f(self, *args, **kwargs): > result = meth(self, *args, **kwargs) > S = super(self.__class__, self) This line is the problem. The class parameter needs to be the class (B in this case) in which the chaining method is defined, not that of the object itself. >>> One minor correction: the class parameter needs to be the class >>> *itself*, not the class *name* (which would be the string "B"). >> Point taken. >> >>> I don't quite understand your description though. What do you mean "the >>> chaining method is defined"? chain() is defined outside of a class. >> The class where f (the chaining method) is defined; equivalently, the >> class in which the @chain is used. > > So why doesn't self.__class__ work? That's the class in which @chain is > used. OK, here's a simple 3-class example: class A(object): def meth(self): print 'A.meth:', self.__class__, '---' def pn(self): return '' class B(A): def meth(self): super(B, self).meth() print 'B.meth:', self.__class__, super(B, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' class C(B): def meth(self): super(C, self).meth() print 'C.meth:', self.__class__, super(C, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' c = C() c.meth() # Figure out why it printed what it did. # If not clear yet, how about this: for class_ in C, B: print class_.__name__, super(class_, c).pn() # And a bigger example (re-using A) to show why we class B0(A): def meth(self): super(B0, self).meth() print 'B0.meth:', self.__class__, super(B0, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' class B1(B0): def meth(self): super(B1, self).meth() print 'B1.meth:', self.__class__, super(B1, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' class B2(B0): def meth(self): super(B2, self).meth() print 'B2.meth:', self.__class__, super(B2, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' class C1(B1, B2): def meth(self): super(C1, self).meth() print 'C1.meth:', self.__class__, super(C1, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' class D1(C1): def meth(self): super(D1, self).meth() print 'D1.meth:', self.__class__, super(D1, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' d = D1() d.meth() # Figure out why it printed what it did. for class_ in D1, C1, B1, B2, B0: print class_.__name__, super(class_, d).pn() # Now (after much cogitation) might that do it? # finally, just a fillip, predict this before you run it: class E(D1, C): def meth(self): super(E, self).meth() print 'E.meth:', self.__class__, super(E, self).pn() def pn(self): return '' e = E() e.meth() for class_ in E, D1, C1, B1, B2, B0, C, B: print class_.__name__, super(class_, e).pn() > I can clearly see that it doesn't work, I just don't understand why. I'd > be inclined to chalk it up to super() being a mysterious black box that > makes no sense *wink* super (and mro) work to get to all the superclasses in an order that produces subtypes before their supertypes. The diamond inheritance examples "show" why its needed. -Scott -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bizarre behavior with mutable default arguments
On Jan 1, 3:22 am, Arnaud Delobelle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Dec 31, 10:58 am, Odalrick <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > I'm surprised noone has said anything about the why of default
> > mutables. I think it is becasue it isn't easy to do it an other way.
>
> [...]
>
> There is an easy enough way: evaluate default values when the function
> is called rather than when it is defined. This behaviour comes with
> its own caveats as well I imagine, and it's not 'as easy' to implement
> as the current one.
As Odalrick notes, there is no way to give different calls to a
function their own copies of mutable default arguments without re-
evaluating the defaults every time the function is called. The
horrendous performance implications mean that that simply isn't going
to happen. So the status quo, where the defaults are calculated once
when the function is defined and the result cached in the function
object is unlikely to change.
> What's good about the current behaviour is that it is easy to reason
> with (once you know what happens), even though you almost have to get
> bitten once. But using this to have static variable is extremely ugly
> IMHO.
The only thing it doesn't give you is a static variable that isn't
visible to the caller. Py3k's keyword-only arguments (PEP 3102) will
make those cases a little tidier, since it won't be possible to
accidentally replace the static variables by providing too many
positional arguments.
I believe the suggestion of permitting static variables after the **
entry in a function's parameter list was raised during the PEP 3102
discussions, but never gained much traction over a '_cache={}' keyword-
only argument approach (and the latter has the distinct advantage of
being *much* easier to test, since you can override the cache from the
test code to ensure it is being handled correctly).
Cheers,
Nick.
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Re: usage of file separator
> > from os.path import join > #.. > imgfile=join(folder, x) > > -- > Thomas Wittek > thanx! dn -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pdf library.
On Dec 30 2007, 5:08 am, Waldemar Osuch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Dec 29, 11:54 am,Shriphani<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > Hi, > > I am looking for a pdf library that will give me a list of pages where > > new chapters start. Can someone point me to such a module ? > > Regards, > >ShriphaniP. > > pyPdf may help you with that:http://pybrary.net/pyPdf/ I tried pyPdf for this and decided to get the pagelinks. The trouble is that I don't know how to determine whether a particular page is the first page of a chapter. Can someone tell me how to do this ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
