Musicology with Lilypond
Dear Friends; Musicologists need more than writing pure music scores. They must be able to embed the score of music samples into their scientific texts. And they must be able to integrate the symbols of the functional harmony theory into the score of their music samples. For using Lilypond with LaTeX there exists a well established method to embed the scores into the texts: lilypond-book. But there does not exist a good, sufficient and appropriate method to integrate the analysis symbols into the scores. (Unfortunately, you cannot combine the LaTeX and the Lilypond techniques, because lilypond-book finally embeds a picture into the LaTeX code). Howsoever, the needs of a LaTeX loving musicologists can completely be fulfilled by using LaTex + MusixTeX + harmony (a LaTeX package). (see attached file cadenca2-by-musixtex-harmony.png) But in this case, the musicologist must unfortunately deal with the awkward syntax of MusixTeX which he probably does not want. Hence we have a problem: either we use Lilypond (and cannot express, what we have to do) or we use MusixTex (and reduce our productivity). For solving this challenge, I started to develop a GUILE based Lilypond library named 'harmonyli' which follows the idea(s) of the LaTeX package harmony. I published it under the MIT license in a github repository [ https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli ]. (If you feel, that another license would better fit the needs and habits of the Lilypond community, feel free to make respective proposals). This repository contains the lib and an example (including a Makefile). This example is the Lilypond code of the MusixTex-eample above (see attached file cadenca2-by-lilypond-harmonyli.png) As you can see, the lilypond result is still a bit ugly, especially if you compare it with the MusixTeX solution. Hence, I need your help for improving the lib 'harmonyli': a) How can we place the number under the main functional symbols (T, D, S, Tp, Sp Dp, Tg, Sg, etc) [ this number indicates which tone is played by th bass ] exactly in the middle of the functional harmony symbols? b) how can we place the stack of numbers right aside of the main symbol as a superscriptblock really near by the symbol and without losing the feature, that each number of the stack can contain more than only one number (for enabling us to express grace notes like D4>3)? c) How can we align the symbols in a better way - just as it is done by the orginal LaTeX lib harmony? d) how can we enforce that the next note is printed into the staff if and when the analysis symbol of the note before is completely printed? e) How can we enforce that all analysis symbols are printed in row with suffcient space between them to understand them correctly? f) How can cross out the main harmony symbols for indicating that the base tone is missed (=not played)? Do we need additional symbols in a extra font or is there a technique to strike out any text? g) How can we condense / refactor the code so, that we do not have to write the same code twice or more. If you need to see the existing code, have a look at https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli/blob/master/inc.harmonyli.ly . I appreciate any help you can give. I want to develop a perfect tool for musicologists - simply because I need it for a larger work of myself ;- ) How can you help me? Feel free a) to comment this mail b) to clone the rep, integrate your improvements and resend a pull request c) become an official developer by sending me your github account So: many thanks for your support beforehand, I am looking forward to your proposals. heartfully your Karsten -- Karsten Reincke/\/\ (+49|0) 170 / 927 78 57 Im Braungeröll 31 >oo< mailto:k.rein...@fodina.de 60431 Frankfurt a.M. \/http://www.fodina.de/kr/
Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
Dear Friends; Musicologists need more than writing pure music scores. They must be able to embed the score of music samples into their scientific texts. And they must be able to integrate the symbols of the functional harmony theory into the score of their music samples. For using Lilypond with LaTeX there exists a well established method to embed the scores into the texts: lilypond-book. But there does not exist a good, sufficient and appropriate method to integrate the analysis symbols into the scores. (Unfortunately, you cannot combine the LaTeX and the Lilypond techniques, because lilypond-book finally embeds a picture into the LaTeX code). Howsoever, the needs of a LaTeX loving musicologists can completely be fulfilled by using LaTex + MusixTeX + harmony (a LaTeX package). (see attached file cadenca2-by-musixtex-harmony.png) But in this case, the musicologist must unfortunately deal with the awkward syntax of MusixTeX which he probably does not want. Hence we have a problem: either we use Lilypond (and cannot express, what we have to do) or we use MusixTex (and reduce our productivity). For solving this challenge, I started to develop a GUILE based Lilypond library named 'harmonyli' which follows the idea(s) of the LaTeX package harmony. I published it under the MIT license in a github repository [ https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli ]. (If you feel, that another license would better fit the needs and habits of the Lilypond community, feel free to make respective proposals). This repository contains the lib and an example (including a Makefile). This example is the Lilypond code of the MusixTex-eample above (see attached file cadenca2-by-lilypond-harmonyli.png) As you can see, the lilypond result is still a bit ugly, especially if you compare it with the MusixTeX solution. Hence, I need your help for improving the lib 'harmonyli': a) How can we place the number under the main functional symbols (T, D, S, Tp, Sp Dp, Tg, Sg, etc) [ this number indicates which tone is played by th bass ] exactly in the middle of the functional harmony symbols? b) how can we place the stack of numbers right aside of the main symbol as a superscriptblock really near by the symbol and without losing the feature, that each number of the stack can contain more than only one number (for enabling us to express grace notes like D4>3)? c) How can we align the symbols in a better way - just as it is done by the orginal LaTeX lib harmony? d) how can we enforce that the next note is printed into the staff if and when the analysis symbol of the note before is completely printed? e) How can we enforce that all analysis symbols are printed in row with suffcient space between them to understand them correctly? f) How can cross out the main harmony symbols for indicating that the base tone is missed (=not played)? Do we need additional symbols in a extra font or is there a technique to strike out any text? g) How can we condense / refactor the code so, that we do not have to write the same code twice or more. If you need to see the existing code, have a look at https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli/blob/master/inc.harmonyli.ly . I appreciate any help you can give. I want to develop a perfect tool for musicologists - simply because I need it for a larger work of myself ;- ) How can you help me? Feel free a) to comment this mail b) to clone the rep, integrate your improvements and resend a pull request c) become an official developer by sending me your github account So: many thanks for your support beforehand, I am looking forward to your proposals. heartfully your Karsten -- Karsten Reincke/\/\ (+49|0) 170 / 927 78 57 Im Braungeröll 31 >oo< mailto:k.rein...@fodina.de 60431 Frankfurt a.M. \/http://www.fodina.de/kr/
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
Oops, forgot to CC the list. But one more remark: You may have a look at the thread starting with https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00335.html and there especially the ZIP archive attached to https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00351.html which gives two really beautiful LilyPond renderings. Urs 27. Oktober 2019 21:48, "Urs Liska" schrieb: > Hi Karsten, > > I will have a closer look into this ASAP. > But in the meantime it may be rewarding for you to have a look at the > http://ctan.org/pkg/lyluatex > package. > > In addition I would encourage you to consider integrating your efforts with > https://github.com/openlilylib/analysis where we even have a stub for a > harmony module. > One caveat though: a "perfect" tool for musicologists will have to support > not only one style of > analysis symbols. > Regarding musicological use cases you might want to also have a look at > https://github.com/openlilylib/scholarly, > https://github.com/uliska/lyluatexmp and > https://github.com/uliska/lycritrprt (although the last two are pretty > preliminary). Maybe also > https://github.com/uliska/lilyglyphs > > Best > Urs > > Am 27. Oktober 2019 17:31:28 MEZ schrieb Karsten Reincke > : > >> Dear Friends; >> >> Musicologists need more than writing pure music scores. They must be >> able to embed the score of music samples into their scientific texts. >> And they must be able to integrate the symbols of the functional >> harmony theory into the score of their music samples. >> >> For using Lilypond with LaTeX there exists a well established method to >> embed the scores into the texts: lilypond-book. But there does not >> exist a good, sufficient and appropriate method to integrate the >> analysis symbols into the scores. (Unfortunately, you cannot combine >> the LaTeX and the Lilypond techniques, because lilypond-book finally >> embeds a picture into the LaTeX code). >> >> Howsoever, the needs of a LaTeX loving musicologists can completely be >> fulfilled by using LaTex + MusixTeX + harmony (a LaTeX package). (see >> attached file cadenca2-by-musixtex-harmony.png) But in this case, the >> musicologist must unfortunately deal with the awkward syntax of >> MusixTeX which he probably does not want. >> >> Hence we have a problem: either we use Lilypond (and cannot express, >> what we have to do) or we use MusixTex (and reduce our productivity). >> >> For solving this challenge, I started to develop a GUILE based Lilypond >> library named 'harmonyli' which follows the idea(s) of the LaTeX >> package harmony. I published it under the MIT license in a github >> repository [ https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli ]. (If you feel, >> that another license would better fit the needs and habits of the >> Lilypond community, feel free to make respective proposals). This >> repository contains the lib and an example (including a Makefile). This >> example is the Lilypond code of the MusixTex-eample above (see attached >> file cadenca2-by-lilypond-harmonyli.png) >> >> As you can see, the lilypond result is still a bit ugly, especially if >> you compare it with the MusixTeX solution. Hence, I need your help for >> improving the lib 'harmonyli': >> >> a) How can we place the number under the main functional symbols (T, D, >> S, Tp, Sp Dp, Tg, Sg, etc) [ this number indicates which tone is played >> by th bass ] exactly in the middle of the functional harmony symbols? >> >> b) how can we place the stack of numbers right aside of the main symbol >> as a superscriptblock really near by the symbol and without losing the >> feature, that each number of the stack can contain more than only one >> number (for enabling us to express grace notes like D4>3)? >> >> c) How can we align the symbols in a better way - just as it is done by >> the orginal LaTeX lib harmony? >> >> d) how can we enforce that the next note is printed into the staff if >> and when the analysis symbol of the note before is completely printed? >> >> e) How can we enforce that all analysis symbols are printed in row with >> suffcient space between them to understand them correctly? >> >> f) How can cross out the main harmony symbols for indicating that the >> base tone is missed (=not played)? Do we need additional symbols in a >> extra font or is there a technique to strike out any text? >> >> g) How can we condense / refactor the code so, that we do not have to >> write the same code twice or more. >> >> If you need to see the existing code, have a look at >> https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli/blob/master/inc.harmonyli.ly . I >> appreciate any help you can give. I want to develop a perfect tool for >> musicologists - simply because I need it for a larger work of myself ;- >> ) >> >> How can you help me? Feel free >> a) to comment this mail >> b) to clone the rep, integrate your improvements and resend a pull >> request >> c) become an official developer by sending me your github account >>
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
Dear Urs; Many thanks for this quick and exhaustive answer! Let me briefly answer: 1) As long as lilypond-book has to be called at first and replaces the lilypond code in the LaTeX files by a section including the corresponding picture, none LaTeX code can be combined with the Lilypond code. And hence, the LaTeX package harmony cannot be used. 2) But there is no need to break up this handling! I followed your first proposal and read the respective email thread. From the viewpoint of the expresivity, http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 (mentioned in the first solution) is exactly what I've looked for (and did not find). Unfortunately, the code is not a 'library'. S, the task seems to be to modify this version. BUT THERE IS A LICENSE QUESTION (very important in the area of free software!) The example shown if you click on the graphik of http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 does not contain any license information. Does anyone know the author? Does any (provable) know, whether I may adopt this solution into 'my' library? (Its results are much better then mine!) 3) The next question is indeed, whether this result shall be integrated or is already integrated into the openlilylib. I will check this before I do the next step. with best regards Karsten On Sun, 2019-10-27 at 22:39 +, Urs Liska wrote: > Oops, forgot to CC the list. > > But one more remark: You may have a look at the thread starting with > https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00335.html and > there especially the ZIP archive attached to > https://lists.gnu.o > rg/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00351.html which gives two > really beautiful LilyPond renderings. > > Urs > > 27. Oktober 2019 21:48, "Urs Liska" schrieb: > > > Hi Karsten, > > > > I will have a closer look into this ASAP. > > But in the meantime it may be rewarding for you to have a look at > > the http://ctan.org/pkg/lyluatex > > package. > > > > In addition I would encourage you to consider integrating your > > efforts with > > https://github.com/openlilylib/analysis where we even have a stub > > for a harmony module. > > One caveat though: a "perfect" tool for musicologists will have to > > support not only one style of > > analysis symbols. > > Regarding musicological use cases you might want to also have a > > look at > > https://github.com/openlilylib/scholarly, > > https://github.com/uliska/lyluatexmp and > > https://github.com/uliska/lycritrprt (although the last two are > > pretty preliminary). Maybe also > > https://github.com/uliska/lilyglyphs > > > > Best > > Urs > > > > Am 27. Oktober 2019 17:31:28 MEZ schrieb Karsten Reincke < > > k.rein...@fodina.de>: > > > > > Dear Friends; > > > > > > Musicologists need more than writing pure music scores. They must > > > be > > > able to embed the score of music samples into their scientific > > > texts. > > > And they must be able to integrate the symbols of the functional > > > harmony theory into the score of their music samples. > > > > > > For using Lilypond with LaTeX there exists a well established > > > method to > > > embed the scores into the texts: lilypond-book. But there does > > > not > > > exist a good, sufficient and appropriate method to integrate the > > > analysis symbols into the scores. (Unfortunately, you cannot > > > combine > > > the LaTeX and the Lilypond techniques, because lilypond-book > > > finally > > > embeds a picture into the LaTeX code). > > > > > > Howsoever, the needs of a LaTeX loving musicologists can > > > completely be > > > fulfilled by using LaTex + MusixTeX + harmony (a LaTeX package). > > > (see > > > attached file cadenca2-by-musixtex-harmony.png) But in this case, > > > the > > > musicologist must unfortunately deal with the awkward syntax of > > > MusixTeX which he probably does not want. > > > > > > Hence we have a problem: either we use Lilypond (and cannot > > > express, > > > what we have to do) or we use MusixTex (and reduce our > > > productivity). > > > > > > For solving this challenge, I started to develop a GUILE based > > > Lilypond > > > library named 'harmonyli' which follows the idea(s) of the LaTeX > > > package harmony. I published it under the MIT license in a github > > > repository [ https://github.com/kreincke/harmonyli ]. (If you > > > feel, > > > that another license would better fit the needs and habits of the > > > Lilypond community, feel free to make respective proposals). This > > > repository contains the lib and an example (including a > > > Makefile). This > > > example is the Lilypond code of the MusixTex-eample above (see > > > attached > > > file cadenca2-by-lilypond-harmonyli.png) > > > > > > As you can see, the lilypond result is still a bit ugly, > > > especially if > > > you compare it with the MusixTeX solution. Hence, I need your > > > help for > > > improving the lib 'harmonyli': > > > > > > a) How can we place the number under the main functional symbols > > > (T, D, > > > S, Tp, Sp Dp,
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
Am Mo., 28. Okt. 2019 um 00:22 Uhr schrieb Karsten Reincke : > BUT THERE IS A LICENSE QUESTION (very important in the area of free > software!) The example shown if you click on the graphik of > http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 does not contain any license > information. Does anyone know the author? Does any (provable) know, > whether I may adopt this solution into 'my' library? (Its results are > much better then mine!) It's "public domain" http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/html/whatsthis.html Maybe LSR should better use GPL 3, not this deprecated one. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ Cheers, Harm
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
28. Oktober 2019 00:21, "Karsten Reincke" schrieb: > Dear Urs; > > Many thanks for this quick and exhaustive answer! Let me briefly > answer: > > 1) As long as lilypond-book has to be called at first and replaces the > lilypond code in the LaTeX files by a section including the > corresponding picture, none LaTeX code can be combined with the > Lilypond code. And hence, the LaTeX package harmony cannot be used. > OK, that's true and does not change when using lyluatex (which is a superset of lilypond-book with the (significant) advantage that it directly compiles (and caches) LilyPond code along with the LaTeX run, so there's no need for the intermediate file). When you want to have the analysis symbol aligned to the score then there's a LilyPond solution needed. > 2) But there is no need to break up this handling! I followed your > first proposal and read the respective email thread. From the viewpoint > of the expresivity, http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 (mentioned > in the first solution) is exactly what I've looked for (and did not > find). Unfortunately, the code is not a 'library'. S, the task seems to > be to modify this version. That's the general design of the LSR. Some people prefer that approach (with straightforward copy&paste) while others prefer a library approach. I belong to the latter and have for that reason invented openLilyLib as a LilyPond extension and package management framework. > > BUT THERE IS A LICENSE QUESTION (very important in the area of free > software!) The example shown if you click on the graphik of > http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 does not contain any license > information. Does anyone know the author? Does any (provable) know, > whether I may adopt this solution into 'my' library? (Its results are > much better then mine!) http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/html/whatsthis.html states that whatever is available through the LSR is "public domain", so you can - if you want - simply copy that snippet to your personal library and do with it whatever you want. However ... > > 3) The next question is indeed, whether this result shall be integrated > or is already integrated into the openlilylib. I will check this before > I do the next step. ... no, it isn't yet. The anaLYsis package has pretty sophisticated modules for frames and arrows, but the "harmony" module has only been created as a stub, storing some stuff from that mailing list thread for future reference (in the `harmony-initial` branch). Klaus Blum is listed in that LSR snippet as the author, and he happens to be the maintainer of the anaLYsis package, BTW. I would love to see that module be functional, especially since I urgently need a solution to update a bunch of music examples in a large document, but I haven't found the time to look into it yet. So I'd be more than willing to collaborate on that. As I wrote in a previous reply such a package will eventually have to support multiple (if not arbitrary) styles of formatting analysis symbols. However, that doesn't mean that one has to get everything right at once. It is sufficient to have such extensibility and flexibility in mind right from the start. Best Urs > > with best regards Karsten > > On Sun, 2019-10-27 at 22:39 +, Urs Liska wrote: > >> Oops, forgot to CC the list. >> >> But one more remark: You may have a look at the thread starting with >> https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00335.html and >> there especially the ZIP >> archive attached to >> https://lists.gnu.o >> rg/archive/html/lilypond-user/2019-04/msg00351.html which gives two >> really beautiful LilyPond renderings. >> >> Urs >> >> 27. Oktober 2019 21:48, "Urs Liska" schrieb: >> >> Hi Karsten, >> >> I will have a closer look into this ASAP. >> But in the meantime it may be rewarding for you to have a look at >> the http://ctan.org/pkg/lyluatex >> package. >> >> In addition I would encourage you to consider integrating your >> efforts with >> https://github.com/openlilylib/analysis where we even have a stub >> for a harmony module. >> One caveat though: a "perfect" tool for musicologists will have to >> support not only one style of >> analysis symbols. >> Regarding musicological use cases you might want to also have a >> look at >> https://github.com/openlilylib/scholarly, >> https://github.com/uliska/lyluatexmp and >> https://github.com/uliska/lycritrprt (although the last two are >> pretty preliminary). Maybe also >> https://github.com/uliska/lilyglyphs >> >> Best >> Urs >> >> Am 27. Oktober 2019 17:31:28 MEZ schrieb Karsten Reincke < >> k.rein...@fodina.de>: >> >>> Dear Friends; >>> >>> Musicologists need more than writing pure music scores. They must >>> be >>> able to embed the score of music samples into their scientific >>> texts. >>> And they must be able to integrate the symbols of the functional >>> harmony theory into the score of their music samples. >>> >>> For using Lilypond with LaTeX there
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
28. Oktober 2019 00:44, "Thomas Morley" schrieb: > Am Mo., 28. Okt. 2019 um 00:22 Uhr schrieb Karsten Reincke > : > >> BUT THERE IS A LICENSE QUESTION (very important in the area of free >> software!) The example shown if you click on the graphik of >> http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/Item?id=967 does not contain any license >> information. Does anyone know the author? Does any (provable) know, >> whether I may adopt this solution into 'my' library? (Its results are >> much better then mine!) > > It's "public domain" > http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/html/whatsthis.html > > Maybe LSR should better use GPL 3, not this deprecated one. > https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain I've read that there are jurisdictions where there isn't even a concept like "public domain". There you have an absolute copyright to what you create, and not even you yourself can waive that copyright in the sense of "no copyright" - you can just provide free licences to allow access. Best Urs > > Cheers, > Harm
Using rumor with Docker container on MacOS
I have a friend who has seen my lilypond work and would like to get involved with lilypond. He would like to use a MIDI keyboard, rather than the keyboard, to be able to input music. Frescobaldi with rumor appears to meet his needs, except for the fact that rumor is only supported on Linux systems, and he uses MacOS I have seen no MacPorts or Homebrew solutions for using rumor. So I was hoping to set up rumor to use with one of the Docker containers for LilyDev (preferably the lilypond container, rather than the lilydev container). I have never used Docker before, but I was able to get it set up with a few false starts (thanks, Federico!). Could somebody (maybe Federico) give me some pointers on how I might add rumor to a Docker container? Or maybe set up a new Docker container? Since rumor doesn't add the music into Lilypond files, as I understand it, but instead creates music to be pasted into a lilypond source file, I think I could use rumor in a Docker container, and paste the results of a rumor run into a Frescobaldi window. Anyway, if anybody could give me a brief synopsis of how I would go about it (or even better, if somebody knows of a Docker setup, Homebrew cask, or MacPorts portfile that supports rumor), could you please let me know? Thanks, Carl
Re: Musicology with Lilypond (and now correct attachments ;-)
> Am 2019-10-28 um 00:52 schrieb Urs Liska :
>
>> It's "public domain"
>> http://lsr.di.unimi.it/LSR/html/whatsthis.html
>>
>> Maybe LSR should better use GPL 3, not this deprecated one.
>> https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain
>
> I've read that there are jurisdictions where there isn't even a concept like
> "public domain". There you have an absolute copyright to what you create, and
> not even you yourself can waive that copyright in the sense of "no copyright"
> - you can just provide free licences to allow access.
E.g. Germany and AFAIK most of Europe.
There *is* a concept of "public domain" ("gemeinfrei" in German), but it’s only
for stuff that is "out of copyright", you can’t *put* anything in public domain.
But of course you can *use* public domain stuff from other jurisdictions.
A new license for LSR would only apply to new code, you can’t put existing,
published code under a new license if you aren’t the sole author.
Greetlings, Hraban
---
fiëé visuëlle
Henning Hraban Ramm
https://www.fiee.net
Re: Using rumor with Docker container on MacOS
> Am 2019-10-28 um 02:34 schrieb Carl Sorensen : > > I have a friend who has seen my lilypond work and would like to get involved > with lilypond. > > He would like to use a MIDI keyboard, rather than the keyboard, to be able to > input music. > > Frescobaldi with rumor appears to meet his needs, except for the fact that > rumor is only supported on Linux systems, and he uses MacOS > > I have seen no MacPorts or Homebrew solutions for using rumor. So I was > hoping to set up rumor to use with one of the Docker containers for LilyDev > (preferably the lilypond container, rather than the lilydev container). > > I have never used Docker before, but I was able to get it set up with a few > false starts (thanks, Federico!). > > Could somebody (maybe Federico) give me some pointers on how I might add > rumor to a Docker container? Or maybe set up a new Docker container? Since > rumor doesn't add the music into Lilypond files, as I understand it, but > instead creates music to be pasted into a lilypond source file, I think I > could use rumor in a Docker container, and paste the results of a rumor run > into a Frescobaldi window. > > Anyway, if anybody could give me a brief synopsis of how I would go about it > (or even better, if somebody knows of a Docker setup, Homebrew cask, or > MacPorts portfile that supports rumor), could you please let me know? Did you try to just compile it on OSX? I see it depends on guile-2.0 (that might be a conflict with LilyPond, but you can probably have several versions installed) and ALSA (which is also not available on MacPorts, and I don’t know if it would work on OSX, since it probably conflicts with the sound drivers of macOS). I guess an additional problem might be that Apple severely restricts hardware access, e.g. I can’t access USB-Serial for programming microcontrollers, because Apple only allows signed drivers on current systems, even while there’s no driver necessary. Don’t know if that applies to ALSA or USB-MIDI, but I suppose. Greetlings, Hraban --- fiëé visuëlle Henning Hraban Ramm https://www.fiee.net
