Re: Samba server doesn't ask for alternate user credentials...
Dear David,
below is what you asked for, I hope it's enough, thanks.
On Fri, 2022-10-21 at 17:26 -0700, David Christensen wrote:
> On 10/21/22 05:40, nimrod wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'm running a Debian 10 Samba server with winbind and kerberos in a
> > Active Directory domain.
> >
> > Domain users can access a unique share, which is then divideded
> > into
> > different directories, each with different file system permissions,
> > based on domain users and groups. A single user can only access
> > some of
> > these directories from a Windows or Linux client (clearly joined to
> > the
> > domain) without being prompted for credentials, because the user is
> > already logged in the domain by his client machine.
> >
> > The problem is that if a user tries to access one directory he's
> > not
> > allowed to access, the server just blocks the access, without
> > giving
> > him a chance to authenticate as a different user. This would be
> > most
> > useful for technicians, who need to access some "private"
> > directories,
> > containing installation packages and activation keys for many
> > softwares, from the user client without being forced to logout from
> > the
> > client and login again with admin credentials, which is very
> > annoying
> > for them.
> >
> > Here is smb.conf:
> >
> > [global]
> > workgroup = BNCRM
> > log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
> > max log size = 1000
> > logging = file
> > panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
> > server role = member server
> > password server = dc2.bncrm.roma
> > obey pam restrictions = yes
> > unix password sync = yes
> > passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
> > passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n
> > *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully*
> > .
> > pam password change = yes
> > usershare allow guests = yes
> > kerberos method = system keytab
> > template homedir = /home/%U
> > template shell = /bin/bash
> > security = ads
> > realm = BNCRM.ROMA
> > idmap backend = tdb
> > idmap gid = 1-200
> > idmap uid = 1-200
> > winbind use default domain = yes
> > winbind refresh tickets = yes
> > winbind offline logon = yes
> > winbind enum groups = yes
> > winbind enum users = yes
> > vfs objects = acl_xattr
> > map acl inherit = Yes
> > store dos attributes = Yes
> > username map = /etc/samba/user.map
> >
> > [dati]
> > path = /data
> > valid users = @"domain users", system
> > browsable = yes
> > writable = yes
> > read only = no
> > -
> > Here is nsswitch.conf:
> >
> > passwd: files systemd winbind
> > group: files systemd winbind
> > shadow: files winbind
> > gshadow: files
> > hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns myhostname
> > networks: files
> > protocols: db files
> > services: db files winbind
> > ethers: db files
> > rpc: db files
> > netgroup: nis winbind
> > sudoers: files winbind
> >
> > pam.d/common-auth
> >
> > auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure
> > auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_winbind.so krb5_auth
> > krb5_ccache_type=FILE cached_login try_first_pass
> > auth requisite pam_deny.so
> > auth required pam_permit.so
> > ---
> > Finally, krb5.conf:
> >
> > [libdefaults]
> > default_realm = BNCRM.ROMA
> > kdc_timesync = 1
> > ccache_type = 4
> > forwardable = true
> > proxiable = true
> > fcc-mit-ticketflags = true
> >
> > [realms]
> > BNCRM = {
> > kdc = 192.168.0.195
> > kdc = 192.168.0.190
> > admin_server = 192.168.0.195 192.168.0.190
> > }
> >
> > [domain_realm]
> > .bncrm.roma = BNCRM.ROMA
> > bncrm.roma = BNCRM.ROMA
> > ---
> > I'm not sure it's enough, feel free to ask anything you need.
> >
> > Thanks in advance and best regards.
>
>
> Please run the following command and post your complete console
> session
> (prompts, commands entered, output displayed):
>
> # cat /etc/debian_version ; uname -a
11.5
Linux PC-GIULIANO.BNCRM.ROMA 5.10.0-18-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.140-1
(2022-09-02) x86_64 GNU/Linux
> Please run the following command and post your complete console
> session
> for any Samba, winbind, Kerberos, and/or other relevant packages you
> have installed:
>
> # dpkg-query -W
samba 2:4.13.13+dfsg-1~deb11u5
winbind
krb5-config 2.6+nmu1
krb5-doc
krb5-k5tls
krb5-kdc
krb5-locales 1.18.3-6+deb11u2
krb5-user 1.18.3-6+deb11u2
>
>
> David
>
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I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
Subject: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus Good day from Singapore, I am posting here because UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus is powered by Debian GNU/Linux 9. I have found many reference guides on installing SSL certificate in UniFi Cloud Key. Please refer to the following list. [1] How to install a SSL Certificate on Unifi Cloud Key Link: https://community.ui.com/questions/How-to-install-a-SSL-Certificate-on-Unifi-Cloud-Key/944dbbd6-cbf6-4112-bff5-6b992fcbf2c4#:~:text=Rename%20your%20purchased%20SSL%20certificate,Upload%20to%20Cloud%20Key%E2%80%9D%20folder.&text=Before%20we%20restart%20our%20Cloud,your%20SSL%20certificate%20is%20installed [2] How to install an SSL Certificate on Unifi Cloud Key? Link: https://www.ssldragon.com/blog/install-ssl-certificate-on-unifi-cloud-key/ [3] Protect the UniFi Cloud Key with a custom SSL certificate Link: https://clemens.ms/protect-the-unifi-cloud-key-with-a-custom-ssl-certificate/ [4] Deploy dehydrated generated certificate to Unifi controller Link: https://gist.github.com/jrotello/18ab3e1982d46b04a269dfbc63aa097f [5] How to quickly setup SSL certificate on Unifi Cloud Key Link: https://community.ui.com/questions/How-to-quickly-setup-SSL-certificate-on-Unifi-Cloud-Key/d991c17f-d7e0-4778-be83-f2a91c47bc63 [6] Unable to import the certificate into keystore Link: https://community.ui.com/questions/Unable-to-import-the-certificate-into-keystore/c9a42223-1d36-40bf-954a-059508d52263 However, only 2 reference guides worked for me. They are: [A] How to quickly setup SSL certificate on Unifi Cloud Key (Java method) Link: https://community.ui.com/questions/How-to-quickly-setup-SSL-certificate-on-Unifi-Cloud-Key/d991c17f-d7e0-4778-be83-f2a91c47bc63 [B] Unable to import the certificate into keystore Link: https://community.ui.com/questions/Unable-to-import-the-certificate-into-keystore/c9a42223-1d36-40bf-954a-059508d52263 I shall detail my attempts at following the instructions below. It is not possible to install SSL certificate in the UniFi Cloud Key using Web GUI at all. The only way to do it is through the Command Line Interface (CLI). There is no other way out. 1st Attempt FAILED - following the guide at https://www.ssldragon.com/blog/install-ssl-certificate-on-unifi-cloud-key/ == openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.key 2048 openssl req -new -batch \ -subj "/C=SG/ST=Singapore/L=Singapore /O=Teo-En-Ming-Corporation/OU=IT/CN=cloudkey.teo-en-ming-corp.com /emailAddress=c...@teo-en-ming-corp.com" \ -key /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.key \ -out /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.csr Upload the primary SSL certificate cloudkey.crt to /root cp /root/cloudkey.crt /etc/ssl/private/ openssl pkcs12 -export -in /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.crt -inkey /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.key -out /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.p12 -name unifi -password pass:temppass keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass aircontrolenterprise -destkeypass aircontrolenterprise -destkeystore /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore -srckeystore /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass temppass -alias unifi Importing keystore /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.p12 to /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore... Existing entry alias unifi exists, overwrite? [no]: yes Warning: The JKS keystore uses a proprietary format. It is recommended to migrate to PKCS12 which is an industry standard format using "keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore -destkeystore /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore -deststoretype pkcs12". keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass temppass -destkeypass temppass -destkeystore /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore -srckeystore /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass temppass -alias unifi Importing keystore /etc/ssl/private/cloudkey.p12 to /usr/lib/unifi/data/keystore... keytool error: java.io.IOException: Keystore was tampered with, or password was incorrect mkdir /root/backup mv cloudkey.csr /root/backup/ mv cloudkey.p12 /root/backup/ tar -cvf cert.tar * chown root:ssl-cert /etc/ssl/private/* chmod 640 /etc/ssl/private/* apt-get install nano cp /etc/default/unifi /root/backup/ nano /etc/default/unifi UNIFI_SSL_KEYSTORE=/etc/ssl/private/unifi.keystore.jks cd /etc/ssl/private cp cloudkey.crt /usr/lib/unifi/ cd /root cp gd_bundle-g2-g1.crt /usr/lib/unifi/ cd /usr/lib/unifi root@Teo-En-Ming-Corporation:/usr/lib/unifi# java -jar lib/ace.jar import_cert cloudkey.crt gd_bundle-g2-g1.crt Unable to import the certificate into keystore root@Teo-En-Ming-Corporation:/usr/lib/unifi# java -jar lib/ace.jar import_cert cloudkey.crt Unable to import the certificate into keystore cd /root/backup/ cp cloudkey.p12 /usr/lib/unifi cd /usr/lib/unifi root@Teo-En-Ming-Corporation:/usr/lib/unifi# java -jar lib/ace.jar import_cert cloudkey.p12 Unable to import the certificate into keystor
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
On Tue, Oct 25 2022 at 09:56:50 PM, Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming wrote: > Subject: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL > Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus > > Good day from Singapore, > > I am posting here because UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus is powered by Debian > GNU/Linux 9. > You should contact ubiquiti support, since they're the actual experts on the hardware and software they've sold you. Start here https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us If you can't find what you need in their documentation and other articles there, go to https://account.ui.com/mysupport to speak to support personnel. You'll have much better chances of actually solving problems that way. It would require a unifi expert (or possible, advanced unifi users) to know how ubiquiti have modified debian for their hardware. There is a non-zero chance such people are present on debian-user, but why not make use of the support you've presumably paid for? > -- regards, kushal
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
I always contact the manufacturer of the screws used in the products I buy rather than the company who assembled the product using said screws. :) - chris On Tue, Oct 25, 2022 at 1:31 PM Kushal Kumaran wrote: > On Tue, Oct 25 2022 at 09:56:50 PM, Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming < > tdtemc...@gmail.com> wrote: > > Subject: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL > > Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus > > > > Good day from Singapore, > > > > I am posting here because UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus is powered by Debian > > GNU/Linux 9. > > > > You should contact ubiquiti support, since they're the actual experts on > the hardware and software they've sold you. > > Start here https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us > > If you can't find what you need in their documentation and other > articles there, go to https://account.ui.com/mysupport to speak to > support personnel. > > You'll have much better chances of actually solving problems that way. > It would require a unifi expert (or possible, advanced unifi users) to > know how ubiquiti have modified debian for their hardware. There is a > non-zero chance such people are present on debian-user, but why not make > use of the support you've presumably paid for? > > > > > -- > regards, > kushal > >
Re: Exécuter un fichier exe en ligne de commande
On Tuesday 25 October 2022 18:39:23 Maude Summerside wrote: > > On 2022-10-24 09:55, Th.A.C wrote: > >> Je recherche un moyen simple d’exécuter un fichier exe en ligne de > >> commande (exe qui n’a pas d’interface graphique). > > Programme DOS? > > Si oui, tu peux essayer DosBox. > > Je m'en sers pour jouer à de vieux jeux... Et installer le conteneur Docker, en le formatant en Dos ou FAT-32 ? Bonne soirée.
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
> I always contact the manufacturer of the screws used in the products > I buy rather than the company who assembled the product using > said screws. Indeed, Ubiquity uses Debian as part of their devices a bit like other companies use screws. Except AFAIK they don't use Debian as-is, so getting good help directly from Debian is yet a bit harder. Stefan
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Re: Some of the parameters used in my genisoimage command don't produce a bootable ISO image
Hi, Mario Marietto wrote: > I've realized that as soon as a > new kernel has been installed by the user,logos and images > should be added automatically inside the initrd.img* file. For > this reason,I've created the bash script below. It works,I've > tested it. Now I should understand where to place it and which > stage of the linux booting is the better one to invoke it. > I would like to read your suggestions. I have to confess that i quite lost track of your adventure. But if you want to execute your script each time the system boots, won't your initrds grow and grow and grow ? cpio -A does not overwrite old files in the archive but just appends a new version of the file. At least i cannot spot code which would detect a newly installed kernel. Have a nice day :) Thomas
Re: Some of the parameters used in my genisoimage command don't produce a bootable ISO image
On 2022-10-25, Thomas Schmitt wrote: > Hi, > > Mario Marietto wrote: >> I've realized that as soon as a >> new kernel has been installed by the user,logos and images >> should be added automatically inside the initrd.img* file. For >> this reason,I've created the bash script below. It works,I've >> tested it. Now I should understand where to place it and which >> stage of the linux booting is the better one to invoke it. >> I would like to read your suggestions. > > I have to confess that i quite lost track of your adventure. +1
Re: memtest86+ v6.0 Released
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Re: Some of the parameters used in my genisoimage command don't produce a bootable ISO image
You are right. The kernel file grows and grows and grows. I never said that it's perfect. You seem to understand well what I'm trying to do and you are able to give good suggestions. It's me that I'm not a pro. I'm a hobbyist. Anyway,you suggested the road to take. It seems that there isn't any CPIO parameter that overwrites the old image. Is this correct ? I remember that the old method (unpack and repack the files inside the kernel image) failed. I'm not able to understand why. Some one of you gave a look at the commands that I have used ? Men,I try to do my best,but as I said,I'm not a pro. I presume that,if there isn't any CPIO parameter that overwrites the old image,the only chance that I have to avoid that the kernel file grows forever is to unpack,delete the unwanted files and repack it. If you agree with that,I wish to use that method. But to do that I need someone of you give me some indication about how it didn't work. Below I have repeated the commands that I have used,since the older ones may get lost in the space : cd /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot gunzip initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64.gz : has been produced a cpio file called : initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ cpio -idv < initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ : it has been unpacked and then I've copied the files inside a folder called initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 cd /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64/ cp /usr/share/plymouth/debian-logo.png /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64/usr/share/plymouth/ cp /usr/share/plymouth/themes/homeworld/debian.png /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64/usr/share/plymouth/themes/homeworld cp /usr/share/plymouth/themes/homeworld/logo.png /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64/usr/share/plymouth/themes/homeworld mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64- cd /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64- find . -print -depth | cpio -ov > ../initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 : generated the cpio file called initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 cd .. gzip initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 : generated the gzip file called " initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64" cd /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-root/boot/ mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ cp /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64.gz /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-root/boot/ size of the new (initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64) file is 178.4 MiB (187,099,720 byte),of the old one is : 78.8 MiB (82,661,551 byte) ; so probably there is something not good if the sizes are so different ? I tried to boot the new ISO image generated by cubic but I've got the following error : https://ibb.co/GCBFcpK that's it. Or maybe another solution is to append a new image inside the kernel image only when a new kernel is detected. In this case I need to study deeply how to do that. At the moment I have no idea. Il giorno mar 25 ott 2022 alle ore 21:20 Thomas Schmitt ha scritto: > Hi, > > Mario Marietto wrote: > > I've realized that as soon as a > > new kernel has been installed by the user,logos and images > > should be added automatically inside the initrd.img* file. For > > this reason,I've created the bash script below. It works,I've > > tested it. Now I should understand where to place it and which > > stage of the linux booting is the better one to invoke it. > > I would like to read your suggestions. > > I have to confess that i quite lost track of your adventure. > > But if you want to execute your script each time the system boots, won't > your initrds grow and grow and grow ? cpio -A does not overwrite old files > in the archive but just appends a new version of the file. > > At least i cannot spot code which would detect a newly installed kernel. > > > Have a nice day :) > > Thomas > > -- Mario.
Simple HTML & CSS code.
Hi,
Off scope but I don't know a better place to ask.
If this HTML text is in a file, a browser should be able to render it.
Test.html
body { color: black; background: white; }
div.inline { display: inline; justify-content: space-between; }
leftright
In bullseye, Firefox-esr, "leftright" is rendered at the left edge of
the window.
CSS "inline" puts the two words on a line as expected.
I included "justify-content: space-between" with the objective of
putting "left" at the left of the window and "right" at the right.
Why doesn't it work? How should it be fixed?
Thanks, ... P.
Re: Some of the parameters used in my genisoimage command don't produce a bootable ISO image
I wrote this a few days ago, but then you posted a follow-up to the same post that used a different method, and so I never bothered to send this. I don't know how other people's tolerance compares with mine, but I tried to follow some of what you did and was frustrated by what seemed to be inconsistencies, so I gave up. Anyway, seeing that others are lost, for one reason or another, I just thought I'd let you see my criticisms, in case they're of any help. They're easily dealt with and will make your postings more robust and easier to understand, for some at least. I haven't used cpio myself since the turn of the millenium, when I used to frequently clone one system from another (I had a number of identical machines). So on reading about your duplicate filenames, the first thing I did was confirm my understanding by checking with a toy example (posted earlier). I would suggest you play with toys likewise, concentrating on one aspect with each toy, before you put it all together. On Sat 22 Oct 2022 at 22:45:20 (+0200), Mario Marietto wrote: > Il giorno sab 22 ott 2022 alle ore 18:02 Andrew M.A. Cater ha scritto: > > On Sat, Oct 22, 2022 at 05:13:18PM +0200, Thomas Schmitt wrote: > > > Mario Marietto wrote: > > > > I'm trying to change the pictures inside the /live/initrd.gz file. > > > > > > I really wonder where this file comes from. > > > > > > > BUT after having "burned" another ISO image using Cubic,I've seen that > > it > > > > still uses the old images that I have previously added inside the > > > > /live/initrd file. I don't understand why ? It seems that this file is > > > > re-generated taking the files from somewhere else. > > > > > > Prime suspect would be Cubic. The "u" in in its name means "Ubuntu". > > > So it probably makes assumptions which the Debian Live ISO does not > > > fulfill. Did you follow the advise of "Cubic PPA (cubic-wizard)" in > > > https://answers.launchpad.net/cubic/+question/703422 > > > to ask your question on the "official web site" ? > > > > Further to this: if you are dealing with Debian-live images as your base, > > use Debian tools. If you're dealing with Ubuntu images use Ubuntu-based > > PPAs. In general, they really don't mix - to the extent that there's > > a whole section on the Debian wiki to this effect. > > > > https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian > > > > The number of people working on Debian-live images at any one time is > > small: if you can't raise anyone, then I might also suggest having > > a chat with Roland Clobus who is working on making live images > > work reproducibly with the Reproducible build project. > > > > https://wiki.debian.org/DebianLive > > > > I see you're already contributing on the debian-live mailing list > > so should find the appropriate people there. highvoltage, of course, > > is also the Debian Project leader so is very busy with everything > > else and not necessarily debian-live build problems. > > > > > > So. What's my problem ? > > > > > > It could be that you try to squeeze the square block into the round hole. > > > Either eliminate Cubic from your proceedings or ask its developer via > > > https://github.com/PJ-Singh-001/Cubic/issues > > > This is what I did. I gone into this folder : > /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot/ and I > have renamed the file "initrd.gz" into "initrd_.gz" and I've burnt a new > ISO image. I have soon realized that that file has been regenerated. The > initrd_.gz file disappeared and a new initrd.gz file appeared when,in > CUBIC,I have chosen which kernel bootstrap,as you can see here : > https://ibb.co/Xy0nKtL ; So. I suppose that the file that I should alter is > called "initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64" because I have chosen that kernel > version on the Cubic tab. And this is what I tried to do,but it didn't > work. This is the commands that I have issued : I don't know why you don't cut and paste the output of your commands, instead of just writing a narrative. And if you put a timestamp and $PWD into your prompt, and listed the files in directories as you generated them, then you and we both could audit what you've done. > cd /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/custom-disk/boot I don't think you ever move higher than /home/ziomario/Scrivania/PassT-Cubic/Debian-new/ so there's no need to clutter the post by typing it over and over. $PWD = custom-disk/boot/ > gunzip initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64.gz : has been produced a cpio file called > : initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 Hmm. Well that's the first oddity. Where did the gzipped initrd.img come from? > mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ A .cpio custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ > cpio -idv < initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ : it has been unpacked and then > I've copied the files inside a folder called initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 I'd like to see your copy command. Anyway … $PWD = custom-disk/boot/ A .cpio custom-disk/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ A tree r
Re: Some of the parameters used in my genisoimage command don't produce a bootable ISO image
Hi, Mario Marietto wrote: > You seem to understand well what I'm trying to do and you are > able to give good suggestions. Probably i only have a good run of guessing here. > It seems that there isn't any CPIO > parameter that overwrites the old image. Is this correct ? I am not aware of any. The nature of a sequential archive does not invite for random access changes. > I remember that > the old method (unpack and repack the files inside the kernel image) failed. > I'm not able to understand why. Understanding what special detail spoils this normally well working method whould probably be helpful for your goals. You'd have to compare what's in a working appended initrd and one that was freshly packed up and does not work. (cpio -t mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64_ > mv initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64- > find [...] | cpio -ov > ../initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64 I find your re-usal of that lengthy file name confusing. Consider to give the various intermediate archives and directories shorter names and to use the name initrd.img-5.10.0-19-amd64.gz only at the start and the end of your procedure. Hopefully this will make more clear what causes the difference in size. Comparing the cpio -t of both initrds might give important hints. > Or maybe another solution is to append a new image inside the > kernel image only when a new kernel is detected. How about storing the paths and checksums of vmlinuz and initrd in a file (or two) and comparing them with the checksums when the system boots up ? md5sum should suffice to detect any change. You'd have to determine the exact paths of the files to checksum. Maybe they even change by the installation events, so that you have to repeat that determination after each installation events. You's also have to find a safe and persistent spot in the filesystem which does not get influenced by installation events, where you can store the file with the recorded paths and checksums. Have a nice day :) Thomas
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/19/22, David Christensen wrote: > On 10/19/22 18:26, William Torrez Corea wrote: > >> The Booting is very dawdled, when I start firefox the page stays loading >> too much time and when I try to open LibreOffice or Gimp it loads the >> program very slow. In the browser I have different tabs open. > > > Please reboot, login, open a terminal, run the following command (as > root), and post the console session: > > # dmesg | egrep -i 'warn|error|fail' > > > David > > -- With kindest regards, William. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄ [36139.263576] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 104, error -32 [36144.927507] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36145.115507] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36145.383528] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36145.571565] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36146.699535] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 107, error -32 [36147.195504] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 108, error -32 [36172.347485] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36172.535556] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36172.803520] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36172.991494] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36174.119558] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 111, error -32 [36174.615525] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 112, error -32 [36181.783556] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36181.971548] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36182.239574] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36182.427514] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36183.34] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 115, error -32 [36184.051552] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 116, error -32 [36191.291485] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36191.479487] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36191.747508] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36191.935556] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36193.063526] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 119, error -32 [36193.559872] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 120, error -32 [36202.775480] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36202.963524] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36203.231549] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36203.419512] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36204.547501] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 123, error -32 [36205.043472] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 124, error -32 [36210.967490] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36211.155495] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36211.423522] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36211.611540] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36212.739538] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 127, error -32 [36213.235475] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 5, error -32 [36239.383463] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36239.571482] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36239.839471] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36240.027468] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36241.155464] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 8, error -32 [36241.651466] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 10, error -32 [36244.783523] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36244.971523] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36245.239488] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36245.427465] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36246.555469] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 13, error -32 [36247.051474] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 14, error -32 [36248.343487] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36248.531468] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36248.799523] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36248.987467] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36250.115497] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 17, error -32 [36250.611461] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 18, error -32 [36257.595489] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36257.783472] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36258.051479] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36258.239460] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36259.367484] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 21, error -32 [36259.863474] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 22, error -32 [36267.287488] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36267.475516] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36267.743487] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36267.931481] usb 1-1.5: device descriptor read/64, error -32 [36269.059449] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 25, error -32 [36269.555494] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 26, error -32 [36272.407456] usb 1-
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/19/22, David Christensen wrote: > Have you tested your system disk? To start a long test: > > 2022-10-19 18:34:55 root@laalaa ~ > # smartctl -t long /dev/sda > > Wait for test to complete, then get the report: > > 2022-10-19 18:34:55 root@laalaa ~ > # smartctl -x /dev/sda > > > Are you backing up your data to a HDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, BD-ROM, etc.? > (USB flash drives are risky for backups. SSD's are fast, but expensive.) > > > David > > -- With kindest regards, William. ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org ⠈⠳⣄ smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-5.10.0-19-amd64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Toshiba L200 (SMR) Device Model: TOSHIBA HDWL110 Serial Number:3123P05KT LU WWN Device Id: 5 39 aa2280343 Firmware Version: JU000A User Capacity:1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate:5400 rpm Form Factor: 2.5 inches Zoned Device: Device managed zones Device is:In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 5 SATA Version is: SATA 3.3, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) Local Time is:Tue Oct 25 15:30:14 2022 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled AAM feature is: Unavailable APM level is: 128 (minimum power consumption without standby) Rd look-ahead is: Enabled Write cache is: Enabled DSN feature is: Disabled ATA Security is: Disabled, NOT FROZEN [SEC1] Wt Cache Reorder: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled. Self-test execution status: ( 249) Self-test routine in progress... 90% of test remaining. Total time to complete Offline data collection:( 120) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities:(0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities:(0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability:(0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time:( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time:( 171) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGSVALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate PO-R-- 100 100 050-0 2 Throughput_Performance P-S--- 100 100 050-0 3 Spin_Up_TimePOS--K 100 100 001-1318 4 Start_Stop_Count-O--CK 100 100 000-606 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 100 100 050-0 7 Seek_Error_Rate PO-R-- 100 100 050-0 8 Seek_Time_Performance P-S--- 100 100 050-0 9 Power_On_Hours -O--CK 089 089 000-4650 10 Spin_Retry_CountPO--CK 112 100 030-0 12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000-605 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate -O--CK 100 100 000-48930 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 100 100 000-65 193 Load_Cycle_Count-O--CK 093 093 000-75472 194 Temperature_Celsius -O---K 100 100 000-43 (Min/Max 22/56) 196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 100 100 000-0 197 Current_Pending_Sector -O--CK 100 100 000-0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable CK 100 100 000-0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count-O--CK 200 200 000-7 220 Disk_Shift -O 100 100 000-0
Pacific Mackerels 500-700 grs
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Re: Simple HTML & CSS code.
On Tue, 25 Oct 2022 13:14 -0500, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Off scope but I don't know a better place to ask.
>
> If this HTML text is in a file, a browser should be able to render it.
>
>
>
>
> Test.html
>
>
>body { color: black; background: white; }
>div.inline { display: inline; justify-content: space-between; }
>
>
>
> leftright
>
>
>
> In bullseye, Firefox-esr, "leftright" is rendered at the left edge of
> the window.
>
> CSS "inline" puts the two words on a line as expected.
>
> I included "justify-content: space-between" with the objective of
> putting "left" at the left of the window and "right" at the right.
>
> Why doesn't it work? How should it be fixed?
'display:inline' is only useful if you have more than one div.
However, 'display:inline' was obviously meant for 'span', not for 'div',
but 'span' _is_ already an inline element.
What's more, the 'justify-content' property belongs to the Flexbox model,
but you have not set the 'display' property to 'flex'.
This code works better:
Test.html
left
right
BTW, 'color: black' and 'background: white' is already the default for
'body', AFAIK.
More info about the Flexbox model: www.w3schools.com/css/css3_flexbox.asp
Re: gmane.linux.debian.user: Authorization required
On Wed, 26 Oct 2022 00:04:02 +0200, Gmane Autoauthorizer wrote: > You have sent a message to be posted on the > gmane.linux.debian.user newsgroup. > > Before the message is posted on the newsgroup, you have > to confirm that you exist. Just reply to this message, and > the message will be posted. > > > You have to respond within one week. > > -- > Your friendly autoauthorizer at Gmane.io > http://gmane.io/
Re: gmane.linux.debian.user: Authorization required
Please ignore the previous messsage. Something went wrong.
Re: Simple HTML & CSS code.
On 10/25/22, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Off scope but I don't know a better place to ask.
>
> If this HTML text is in a file, a browser should be able to render it.
>
>
>
>
> Test.html
>
>
>body { color: black; background: white; }
>div.inline { display: inline; justify-content: space-between; }
>
>
>
> leftright
>
>
>
> In bullseye, Firefox-esr, "leftright" is rendered at the left edge of
> the window.
>
> CSS "inline" puts the two words on a line as expected.
>
> I included "justify-content: space-between" with the objective of
> putting "left" at the left of the window and "right" at the right.
>
> Why doesn't it work?
dunno
> How should it be fixed?
I don't know how it _should_ be fixed, but this works for me
left
right
Regards,
Lee
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/25/22 14:19, William Torrez Corea wrote: On 10/19/22, David Christensen wrote: On 10/19/22 18:26, William Torrez Corea wrote: The Booting is very dawdled, when I start firefox the page stays loading too much time and when I try to open LibreOffice or Gimp it loads the program very slow. In the browser I have different tabs open. Please reboot, login, open a terminal, run the following command (as root), and post the console session: # dmesg | egrep -i 'warn|error|fail' Attachment: dmesg.txt [36139.263576] usb 1-1.5: device not accepting address 104, error -32 The kernel ring buffer has finite size. Once it has been filled, it "wraps around" -- old messages are discarded as new messages are written. The first field [36139.263576] is the number of seconds the computer has been running. You computer had been running 10+ hours when you ran dmesg(1), and the first 26139.263575 seconds of messages have been overwritten. We need to see the messages starting at time 0.00 -- e.g. when the system is booted. Please reboot and try again. David
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On Tue, Oct 25, 2022 at 05:56:33PM -0700, David Christensen wrote: > We need to see the messages starting at time 0.00 -- e.g. when the > system is booted. Please reboot and try again. Or check the /var/log/kern* files. One of them may have the full set of kernel messages from the current boot. These messages may also be hiding somewhere in journalctl.
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/25/22 14:34, William Torrez Corea wrote: On 10/19/22, David Christensen wrote: Have you tested your system disk? To start a long test: 2022-10-19 18:34:55 root@laalaa ~ # smartctl -t long /dev/sda Wait for test to complete, then get the report: 2022-10-19 18:34:55 root@laalaa ~ # smartctl -x /dev/sda Are you backing up your data to a HDD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, BD-ROM, etc.? (USB flash drives are risky for backups. SSD's are fast, but expensive.) Attachment: smartctl.txt Model Family: Toshiba L200 (SMR) Device Model: TOSHIBA HDWL110 It looks like your HDD had some DMA issues in the past, but everything looks okay now. Did your laptop come with that HDD, or did you install it later? Have you removed and reinstalled the HDD? Hard disk drives are much slower than solid-state drives. Misaligned partitions cause more slowness. Fragmented filesystems cause more slowness. A shortage of inodes causes more slowness. Please run the following commands (as root) and post the complete console session -- prompt, command entered, output displayed: # fdisk -l /dev/sda # cat /etc/fstab # mount | grep sda # df / # df -i / David
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/25/22 18:00, Greg Wooledge wrote: On Tue, Oct 25, 2022 at 05:56:33PM -0700, David Christensen wrote: We need to see the messages starting at time 0.00 -- e.g. when the system is booted. Please reboot and try again. Or check the /var/log/kern* files. One of them may have the full set of kernel messages from the current boot. Yes -- on my system: 022-10-25 18:14:12 root@laalaa ~ # cat /etc/debian_version ; uname -a 11.5 Linux laalaa 5.10.0-18-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.140-1 (2022-09-02) x86_64 GNU/Linux /var/log/kern.log contains kernel log messages: 2022-10-25 18:15:23 root@laalaa ~ # grep 'Oct 25' /var/log/kern.log | head -n 3 Oct 25 16:56:49 laalaa kernel: [0.00] Linux version 5.10.0-18-amd64 (debian-ker...@lists.debian.org) (gcc-10 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.35.2) #1 SMP Debian 5.10.140-1 (2022-09-02) Oct 25 16:56:49 laalaa kernel: [0.00] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-5.10.0-18-amd64 root=UUID=ca7232ce-9982-46a0-b7b2-ed819ed6068e ro noresume quiet Oct 25 16:56:49 laalaa kernel: [0.00] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers' David
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
On Wed, 26 Oct 2022 at 04:31, Kushal Kumaran wrote: > On Tue, Oct 25 2022 at 09:56:50 PM, Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming < > tdtemc...@gmail.com> wrote: > > Subject: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL > > Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus > > > > Good day from Singapore, > > > > I am posting here because UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus is powered by Debian > > GNU/Linux 9. > > > > You should contact ubiquiti support, since they're the actual experts on > the hardware and software they've sold you. > > Start here https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us > > If you can't find what you need in their documentation and other > articles there, go to https://account.ui.com/mysupport to speak to > support personnel. > > You'll have much better chances of actually solving problems that way. > It would require a unifi expert (or possible, advanced unifi users) to > know how ubiquiti have modified debian for their hardware. There is a > non-zero chance such people are present on debian-user, but why not make > use of the support you've presumably paid for? > > > > > -- > regards, > kushal > > Hi Kushal, Thank you for your reply. I have posted my question in Ubiquiti UniFi community forums too. If need be, I will contact Ubiquiti technical support directly. Regards, Mr. Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming Targeted Individual in Singapore
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
On Wed, 26 Oct 2022 at 04:54, chris wrote: > I always contact the manufacturer of the screws used in the products I buy > rather than the company who assembled the product using said screws. > > :) > Lol I don't understand. Regards, Mr. Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming Targeted Individual in Singapore
Re: I have achieved PARTIAL SUCCESS in installing Godaddy SSL Certificate in UniFi Cloud Key Gen 2 Plus
On Wed, 26 Oct 2022 at 05:34, Stefan Monnier wrote: > > I always contact the manufacturer of the screws used in the products > > I buy rather than the company who assembled the product using > > said screws. > > Indeed, Ubiquity uses Debian as part of their devices a bit like other > companies use screws. Except AFAIK they don't use Debian as-is, so > getting good help directly from Debian is yet a bit harder. > > > Stefan > > Noted. Mr. Turritopsis Dohrnii Teo En Ming Targeted Individual in Singapore
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 26/10/2022 04:34, William Torrez Corea wrote: Model Family: Toshiba L200 (SMR) I would not consider a HDD with shingled magnetic recording as a storage to install OS. This series has a CMR product, but it has another problem: 3 Spin_Up_TimePOS--K 100 100 001-1318 4 Start_Stop_Count-O--CK 100 100 000-606 193 Load_Cycle_Count-O--CK 093 093 000-75472 It has quite aggressive policy to unload heads. It happens approximately than once per minute. Following read operations may have noticeable delay. At first I suspected delays due time required to spin up stopped disk, but in your case Power_Cycle_Count = Start_Stop_Count, so your system keeps the disk spinning. 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate -O--CK 100 100 000-48930 Frequent shocks, vibration, unstable base may force heads unloading and following latency in UI. P.S. I have not managed to change heads unload timeout for Toshiba L200 using hdparm. In your case due to high G-Sense_Error_Rate increasing timeout might be dangerous.
Re: How to can make a partition in my hard disk ?
On 10/25/22 19:22, Max Nikulin wrote: On 26/10/2022 04:34, William Torrez Corea wrote: Model Family: Toshiba L200 (SMR) I would not consider a HDD with shingled magnetic recording as a storage to install OS. +1 I prefer SSD's for OS drives. I have been careful not to buy SMR drives, but AIUI they are cost effective for large sequential write workloads -- e.g. music/ photo/ video/ ISO files, backup/ archive tarballs, images/ clones, etc.. ... it has another problem: 3 Spin_Up_Time POS--K 100 100 001 - 1318 4 Start_Stop_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 606 193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--CK 093 093 000 - 75472 It has quite aggressive policy to unload heads. It happens approximately than once per minute. Following read operations may have noticeable delay. At first I suspected delays due time required to spin up stopped disk, but in your case Power_Cycle_Count = Start_Stop_Count, so your system keeps the disk spinning. 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate -O--CK 100 100 000 - 48930 Frequent shocks, vibration, unstable base may force heads unloading and following latency in UI. Good insights. Here are some other smartctl(8) report values that might be related to slowness: Device Statistics (GP Log 0x04) Page Offset SizeValue Flags Description ... 0x02 0x010 4 48930 --- Overlimit Shock Events ... 0x03 0x028 4 36105 --- Read Recovery Attempts SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11) ... 0x0009 4 106670 Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy The drive operating vibration specification is only 1.0 G (5 to 500 Hz): https://www.toshiba-storage.com/products/toshiba-internal-hard-drives-l200/ I wonder if the OP is using the laptop in a moving vehicle, while riding public transportation, or is handling it roughly (?). P.S. I have not managed to change heads unload timeout for Toshiba L200 using hdparm. In your case due to high G-Sense_Error_Rate increasing timeout might be dangerous. So, you own one of these drives? David
Peculiarities of Toshiba L200 2.5in HDD
On 26/10/2022 10:42, David Christensen wrote: P.S. I have not managed to change heads unload timeout for Toshiba L200 using hdparm. In your case due to high G-Sense_Error_Rate increasing timeout might be dangerous. So, you own one of these drives? I have a Toshiba L200 HDWK105 SATA 3 500G CMR disk as a secondary storage. I do not like that heads unload timeout is just a few seconds and such state is hidden, so udisks2 wakes it up every 10 minutes to poll for its SMART state. I see a lot of warnings in docs for HDD tools and I am unsure how to stay on the safe margin during experiments. I do not expect anything directly related to the original subject in this thread, but to not hijack this thread, you may ask your questions e.g. in response to https://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/?m=tbohk8$60u$1...@ciao.gmane.io
