aptitude why (Was: Re: After software update systemd runs into timeouts)
David Wright writes: > On Wed 05 Aug 2020 at 22:53:26 (+0200), Urs Thuermann wrote: > > > Should this be considered a bug? Shouldn't 'aptitude why' show the > > packages that depend on it? > > Why not read the man page: > >Note >aptitude why does not perform full dependency >resolution; it only displays direct relationships >between packages. For instance, if A requires B, C >requires D, and B and C conflict, âaptitude why-not Dâ >will not produce the answer âA depends on B, B >conflicts with C, and D depends on Câ. > >By default aptitude outputs only the "most installed, >strongest, tightest, shortest" dependency chain. That is, >it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are >installed or will be installed; it looks for the strongest >possible dependencies under that restriction; it looks for >chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and it >looks for the shortest dependency chain meeting those >criteria. These rules are progressively weakened until a >match is found. This is exactly what made me think it is a bug. aptitude should show the strongest chain, and "Depends" is stronger than "Recommends". But aptitude shows a "Recommends" although a "Depends" exists: $ aptitude why libpam-systemd i systemd Recommends libpam-systemd $ aptitude why policykit-1 libpam-systemd i A policykit-1 Depends libpam-systemd But now I see reason: policykit-1 is also installed only because virt-manager *recommends* libvirt-daemon-system which depends on policykit-1: $ aptitude why virt-manager libpam-systemd i virt-manager Recommends libvirt-daemon-system (>= 1.2.7) i A libvirt-daemon-system Dependspolicykit-1 i A policykit-1 Dependslibpam-systemd But since that chain is longer, aptitude shows the recommendation of systemd. In the output of aptitude purge in my other mail I hadn't realized that libvirt-daemon-system is also only automatically installed. But thanks anyway for pointing out these sections of the man page. I wasn't aware of all the details and now understand better what aptitude does. urs
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/5/2020 9:11 AM, Stefan Monnier wrote: I prefer DAR for several reasons. First of all, as I mentioned before, DAR is the only backup solution of which I am aware that can restore not only deleted or corrupted files, but which can also restore deletions. This means DAR can restore any or all files one chooses in a batch, but then if requested can go back and delete files which were deleted at a later time but prior to additional DAR backups. I find it hard to believe that it's a rare feature. The system I use (`bup`) does support that as well (every backup is (more or less) a Git commit, so it doesn't distinguish full-backups from incrementals), but it doesn't bother to mention it probably because it's very basic. Uh-uh. Full, incremenal, and decremental backups are all completely different than deletion restoral. A GIT commit is somewhat similar, as is a VM snapshot, but they also are not quite the same. All I can say is, "I suggest you read all the features - it is quite a long list - and try it."
Find latest netinstall iso
Hello, I try to setup a service that build a headless netinstall iso. Is there a way to find the latest version number? I think grep the https://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/ site is not the best option. Best regards
Re: Find latest netinstall iso
Hi. On Thu, Aug 06, 2020 at 12:14:23PM +0200, basti wrote: > Hello, > I try to setup a service that build a headless netinstall iso. > Is there a way to find the latest version number? > > I think grep the https://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/ site is not the best > option. Will parsing [1] do, for instance searching kernel-image? Reco [1] http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/udeb.list
Re: Find latest netinstall iso
Thanks, I get it.
FYI:
curl -sl
ftp://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/current/amd64/iso-cd/
| grep -m 1 -Po "[0-9.]{1,}(?=-amd64-netinst\.iso)"
On 06.08.20 12:36, Reco wrote:
> Hi.
>
> On Thu, Aug 06, 2020 at 12:14:23PM +0200, basti wrote:
>> Hello,
>> I try to setup a service that build a headless netinstall iso.
>> Is there a way to find the latest version number?
>>
>> I think grep the https://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/ site is not the best
>> option.
>
> Will parsing [1] do, for instance searching kernel-image?
>
> Reco
>
> [1]
> http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/udeb.list
>
Re: delimiters with more than one character? ...
On Thu, Aug 06, 2020 at 11:57:47AM +0900, John Crawley wrote:
> I likely don't have a sufficient grasp of that "spirit" to comment there :)
> but as for "hideously slow", remain to be convinced. Bash string
> modifications seem to be pretty fast. Would very long strings requiring
> multiple runs of the loop slow it down excessively?
Absolutely.
> Adding this:
>
> for i in {1..10}
> do
> _S+=$del$_S
> done
>
> to multipy the string by 1024 gave times of ~3.9s and ~4.0s.
For short strings, doing this sort of parsing in bash is fine. But as
you can see, on large inputs, it does not scale well. The fact that each
iteration makes a *copy* of nearly the entire remaining input doesn't
help matters, either -- right off the bat, that algorithm makes the run
time explode, even before you take into account bash's 100% interpreted
runtime slowness.
Re: aptitude why (Was: Re: After software update systemd runs into timeouts)
Urs Thuermann wrote: > $ aptitude why libpam-systemd > i systemd Recommends libpam-systemd > $ aptitude why policykit-1 libpam-systemd > i A policykit-1 Depends libpam-systemd > > But now I see reason: policykit-1 is also installed only because > virt-manager *recommends* libvirt-daemon-system which depends on > policykit-1: > > $ aptitude why virt-manager libpam-systemd > i virt-manager Recommends libvirt-daemon-system (>= 1.2.7) > i A libvirt-daemon-system Dependspolicykit-1 > i A policykit-1 Dependslibpam-systemd > > But since that chain is longer, aptitude shows the recommendation of > systemd. In the output of aptitude purge in my other mail I hadn't > realized that libvirt-daemon-system is also only automatically > installed. Interesting bit here: libvirt-daemon-system supplies the startup scripts for libvirtd, both sysvinit style and systemd style. It has no other function. If you want to use sysvinit *and* libvirtd, you either need to write your own scripts or extract them from the .deb and not install it, because the Depends will end up installing systemd-sysv and thus replacing init. libvirt-daemon-system ought to be two packages, or the sysvinit scripts ought to be included with libvirt-daemon. In unstable, it becomes two packages. -dsr-
Re: aptitude why (Was: Re: After software update systemd runs into timeouts)
On Thu, Aug 6, 2020, 7:42 AM Dan Ritter wrote: > Urs Thuermann wrote: > > $ aptitude why libpam-systemd > > i systemd Recommends libpam-systemd > > $ aptitude why policykit-1 libpam-systemd > > i A policykit-1 Depends libpam-systemd > > > > But now I see reason: policykit-1 is also installed only because > > virt-manager *recommends* libvirt-daemon-system which depends on > > policykit-1: > > > > $ aptitude why virt-manager libpam-systemd > > i virt-manager Recommends libvirt-daemon-system (>= 1.2.7) > > i A libvirt-daemon-system Dependspolicykit-1 > > i A policykit-1 Dependslibpam-systemd > > > > But since that chain is longer, aptitude shows the recommendation of > > systemd. In the output of aptitude purge in my other mail I hadn't > > realized that libvirt-daemon-system is also only automatically > > installed. > > Interesting bit here: libvirt-daemon-system supplies the startup > scripts for libvirtd, both sysvinit style and systemd style. It > has no other function. > > If you want to use sysvinit *and* libvirtd, you either need to > write your own scripts or extract them from the .deb and not > install it, because the Depends will end up installing > systemd-sysv and thus replacing init. > I wonder what our colleagues, over at Devuan are doing about this. I copied the Devuan Developers list, and will follow their responses on my ProtonMail account. > > libvirt-daemon-system ought to be two packages, or the sysvinit > scripts ought to be included with libvirt-daemon. > > In unstable, it becomes two packages. > Kenneth Parker
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On Thu, 6 Aug 2020 05:02:17 -0500 Leslie Rhorer wrote: > On 8/5/2020 9:11 AM, Stefan Monnier wrote: > >>I prefer DAR for several reasons. First of all, as I mentioned > >>before, DAR is the only backup solution of which I am aware that can > >>restore not only deleted or corrupted files, but which can also > >>restore deletions. This means DAR can restore any or all files one > >>chooses in a batch, but then if requested can go back and delete > >>files which were deleted at a later time but prior to additional > >>DAR backups. > > > > I find it hard to believe that it's a rare feature. > > > > The system I use (`bup`) does support that as well (every backup is > > (more or less) a Git commit, so it doesn't distinguish full-backups from > > incrementals), but it doesn't bother to mention it probably because it's > > very basic. > > Uh-uh. Full, incremenal, and decremental backups are all completely > different than deletion restoral. A GIT commit is somewhat similar, as > is a VM snapshot, but they also are not quite the same. > > All I can say is, "I suggest you read all the features - it is quite a > long list - and try it." I (and I suspect others here) are still pretty confused about what you are trying to explain to us. Here's what I do, and do not, understand: * Incremental and differential backups are backups of the delta between the last full backup and the current system state (either individually [differential] or collectively [incremental]) * I have no idea (nor do Google, DuckDuckGo, or Wikipedia) what a "decremental backup" is. * Borg doesn't fit the "full / differential / incremental" paradigm neatly, but it certainly has some of the advantages of differential / incremental backups (plus others that classic differential / incremental ones do not have, such as deduplication - i.e., if the backup source contains multiple copies of some data, that dataonly needs to be stored once in the backup target). * I don't know exactly what you mean by "deletion restoral", but Borg (and, I assume, many other good backup solutions) offers a flexible variety of methods to restore deleted files, and / or to restore a snapshot of the backup source as it existed at a given point in time: https://docs.borgbase.com/restore/ If you are willing to explain further, that would be appreciated. Thanks! Celejar
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 9:07 AM, Celejar wrote: On Thu, 6 Aug 2020 05:02:17 -0500 Leslie Rhorer wrote: * Incremental and differential backups are backups of the delta between the last full backup and the current system state (either individually [differential] or collectively [incremental]) * I have no idea (nor do Google, DuckDuckGo, or Wikipedia) what a "decremental backup" is. I suggest reading the DAR features list. I will post it again: http://dar.linux.free.fr/doc/Features.html Meanwhile, a decremental backup is defines as: As opposed to incremental backups, where the older one is a full backup and each subsequent backup contains only the changes from the previous backup, decremental backup let the full backup be the more recent while the older ones only contain changes compared to the just more recent one. This has the advantage of providing a single archive to use to restore a whole system in its latest known state, while reducing the overall amount of data to retain older versions of files (same amount required as with differential backup). It has also the advantage to not have to keep several set of backup as you just need to delete the oldest backup when you need storage space. However it has the default to require at each new cycle the creation of a full backup, then the transformation of the previous full backup into a so-called decremental backup. Yes, everything has a cost! * Borg doesn't fit the "full / differential / incremental" paradigm neatly, but it certainly has some of the advantages of differential / incremental backups (plus others that classic differential / incremental ones do not have, such as deduplication - i.e., if the backup source contains multiple copies of some data, that dataonly needs to be stored once in the backup target). And how useful is that? There are very few duplicate files on my systems, because I use applications to eliminate duplicates. Eliminating duplicates in a live data repository is far more important than doing it on backup media. * I don't know exactly what you mean by "deletion restoral", but Borg (and, I assume, many other good backup solutions) offers a flexible variety of methods to restore deleted files No. It is the opposite of that. It is the option to not restore files that have been deleted since the backup, or to actively delete files during a restore. It is similar - but not the same as - directing the restore not to restore files that do not exist on the restore target. , and / or to restore a snapshot of the backup source as it existed at a given point in time: https://docs.borgbase.com/restore/ If you are willing to explain further, that would be appreciated. Thanks! Celejar
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On Thursday, August 06, 2020 10:07:59 AM Celejar wrote: > * Incremental and differential backups are backups of the delta between > the last full backup and the current system state (either individually > [differential] or collectively [incremental]) I am not Leslie Rhorer, I'm just coming out of left field, but I'd state the above a little differently (based on the reading about backups that I've done recently and past experiences). Incremental and differential backups are similar in that neither are a full backup, they are a backup of the differences between two full images (or backups, or mirrors). A differential backup (seemingly in the usage of most manufacturers) is a backup of the differences between two images but possibly not sequential images. (For example, if somehow a backup image is created every day, a differential backup could be the differences between the image on say Monday and Thursday.) In contrast (and again, seemingly in the usage of most manufacturers) is a backup of each image, for example, (in the example above), there would be an incremental backup of the differences between the Monday and Tuesday images, another incremental backup of the differences between the Tuesday and Wednesday images, and so on. > * I have no idea (nor do Google, DuckDuckGo, or Wikipedia) what a > "decremental backup" is. Perhaps he means (I shouldn't put words in his mouth) a reverse backup? Forward backups of differences are those that list the changes to make an older image into a newer image. You can do the reverse, and list the changes required to make a newer image into an older image. Believe it or not, there are sometimes advantages to that approach, which I won't get into very deeply. But one is, if you do the backups in reverse, the corrolary to that is that, the current full image is the latest, and maybe the most likely to be needed. (Of course, it takes a little longer to arrange the backups in reverse.) Another is, that if you want to get rid of older backups, that is fairly easily done by deleting the older differences. In forward backups, if you want to get rid of older backups, you have to create a "new" old / base image. There is more. > > * Borg doesn't fit the "full / differential / incremental" paradigm > neatly, but it certainly has some of the advantages of differential / > incremental backups (plus others that classic differential / > incremental ones do not have, such as deduplication - i.e., if the > backup source contains multiple copies of some data, that dataonly > needs to be stored once in the backup target). > > * I don't know exactly what you mean by "deletion restoral", but Borg > (and, I assume, many other good backup solutions) offers a > flexible variety of methods to restore deleted files, and / or to > restore a snapshot of the backup source as it existed at a given point > in time: https://docs.borgbase.com/restore/ > > If you are willing to explain further, that would be appreciated. > Thanks! > > Celejar
Kernel doesn't recognises devices on USB 3 port
There is a problem with a USB 3 port on a desktop running Debian. Until recently, a backup of the system had been regularly performed to a portable hard drive plugged into the USB 3 port. The drive had been kept permanently plugged into the port and was only mounted when a backup is required. Then one day the drive could not be mounted. Instead a message of the type 'can't find UUID=' was received. Use of commands such as lsusb, fdisk -l, lsblk, blkid showed that the kernel does not recognise the hard drive. Use of dmesg suggested that the drive itself might have a hardware problem. A new portable hard drive and a new flash drive were, in turn, plugged into the USB 3 port, but fdisk -l, lsblk and lsusb outputs suggest that neither of these devices are recognised by the kernel when in that port. Someone suggested that the desktop should be unplugged completely (I.e. at the mains), left for a few minutes and then rebooted. However, given the uncertainty of the cause of the problem with the port, I am reluctant to shut down the desktop and reboot in case the reboot fails.
Re: non-smart debian phone
Dan Hitt wrote: > Does anybody have any experience along these lines, or advice? there is nothing running debian out there AFAIK. The cheap phones without touch screen run something like KAI OS. There might be something around SailfishOS Community, that would be open source, but I don't remember exactly. AFAI Kai OS was the mozilla mobile project that got further developed by Google, but it is not Android, so you have limitations. The SM-J337A is an Android phone. If you are sick of Android, take a look at jolla.com and Sailfish OS. It still has some limitations compared to Android, but it can not be compared at all as it is completely different approach (IMO of course). I jumped on it after the N9, which was running debian, retired. It is effort to put Sailfish on it, but once there it is OK. Again there are some issues, so educate yourself if you go this way or the other.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On Thu, 6 Aug 2020 10:04:28 -0500 Leslie Rhorer wrote: > On 8/6/2020 9:07 AM, Celejar wrote: > > On Thu, 6 Aug 2020 05:02:17 -0500 > > Leslie Rhorer wrote: > > > * Incremental and differential backups are backups of the delta between > > the last full backup and the current system state (either individually > > [differential] or collectively [incremental]) > > > > * I have no idea (nor do Google, DuckDuckGo, or Wikipedia) what a > > "decremental backup" is. > > I suggest reading the DAR features list. I will post it again: > > http://dar.linux.free.fr/doc/Features.html > > Meanwhile, a decremental backup is defines as: > > As opposed to incremental backups, where the older one is a full backup > and each subsequent backup contains only the changes from the previous > backup, decremental backup let the full backup be the more recent while > the older ones only contain changes compared to the just more recent > one. This has the advantage of providing a single archive to use to > restore a whole system in its latest known state, while reducing the > overall amount of data to retain older versions of files (same amount > required as with differential backup). It has also the advantage to not > have to keep several set of backup as you just need to delete the oldest > backup when you need storage space. However it has the default to > require at each new cycle the creation of a full backup, then the > transformation of the previous full backup into a so-called decremental > backup. Yes, everything has a cost! Ah, okay. So IIUC, each time you backup you do a full backup, and you then convert the previous backups into the reverse of the more common incremental / differential backups. I certainly don't see much advantage to this over a typical incremental / differential backup scheme, and why it's worth paying the cost that you acknowledge, but if that's what you want, go for it. > > * Borg doesn't fit the "full / differential / incremental" paradigm > > neatly, but it certainly has some of the advantages of differential / > > incremental backups (plus others that classic differential / > > incremental ones do not have, such as deduplication - i.e., if the > > backup source contains multiple copies of some data, that dataonly > > needs to be stored once in the backup target). > > And how useful is that? There are very few duplicate files on my > systems, because I use applications to eliminate duplicates. > Eliminating duplicates in a live data repository is far more important > than doing it on backup media. Why do you consider it far more important? And do your applications cover the case where multiple non-identical files share some data chunks? > > * I don't know exactly what you mean by "deletion restoral", but Borg > > (and, I assume, many other good backup solutions) offers a > > flexible variety of methods to restore deleted files > > No. It is the opposite of that. It is the option to not restore files > that have been deleted since the backup, or to actively delete files > during a restore. It is similar - but not the same as - directing the > restore not to restore files that do not exist on the restore target. Okay, but I'm not really getting the use case for this. You want to restore files, but not files that have been deleted - so that means you only want to restore files that still exist (but have been altered)? Or are you saying that there's some way to distinguish between accidental and deliberate deletion? The way I see it, if I'm restoring an entire system snapshot, I want things back the way they were. If I want a specific file back, I know what I want, whether I deleted it or altered it and want the original back. If a disk (or disk array) fails, is there any way to know what files on it may have been deleted since the last backup? In other words, in what real world scenario is it useful to tell the restore program "restore everything except for files that have been deleted since the backup"? If a disk fails, I want everything back from the last backup, and I have no way of knowing (except for my rather unreliable memory) what exactly has changed or been deleted since that backup. If I have specific files that I've deleted or altered and I want the originals back, I just restore those files manually. Celejar
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
> For better performance, more space, and higher throughput, I would > probably create a RAID 4 or RAID 6 array from the external enclosure > and use it as the data repository. And you suggest I put a 4-drive enclosure in my backpack next to my laptop? Seriously? >> For the BananaPi, the suggestion is marginally less problematic but >> still: a non-trivial constraint with significant immediate downsides. > Such as? Extra space taken, extra power used 24/7 (which in turn requires an extra plug because the poor BananaPi can't provide all that power), extra costs (the single drive I use was itself more than 3/4 the price of the whole system, so adding a second drive (complete with external power supply and enclosure) would double the price of the system), Extra failures (more hardware => more failures), ... >> RAID is basically an insurance. > Not entirely. A RAID 5 or RAID 6 array is far, far faster than > a single hard drive. Right, RAID-over-USB is of course going to blow my SSD-over-SATA out of the water by a wide margin (not!). > It is also much larger than a single hard drive, sometimes at > less expense than a single large hard drive. That's great if you happen to be in that spot, but that's not my case. > It is also portable from one system to another. Unplug the array > from the laptop, plug it in to the Banana Pi, and presto! The array > is now attached to the Pi. Wonderful. But then it's not a RAID shared with the internal drive any more. So it won't protect my root partition. And if I keep my home partition in it, the "presto" comes with the footnote "after you logout and log back in" (fun!), but if I don't keep my home partition on it, then my home partition is again not protects by RAID at which point I'm starting to wonder what I would put on that RAID. > It's really not any different logically than an external drive, > except it is faster, larger, and more robust. It's no different, indeed, except a bit more expensive and bigger. But more importantly: there's a reason why I'm not using an external drive at all in the first place. >> Taking an insurance makes a lot of sense when it's important to >> spread the cost of the impact of an "event" > Or eliminate it entirely. If a disk dies in the RAID, you still have to replace it and the performance is affected for a while. The cost is never completely eliminated. >> anyway (not to mention that RAID doesn't prevent me from losing work >> when the OS or my editor crashes > Uh, yeah, it can. It definitely can be used to eliminate data loss > when the OS crashes, Of course it can't: when the OS crashes, the unsaved work in your editor is lost. And as for the work that was saved to disk, I wonder in what way RAID can improve the situation compared to a single disk (in both cases, I expect that the data will not be lost). > That is another matter. Indeed, it is probably the most likely > reason a need for a backup solution exists. For my use-case, RAID would cost a fair bit of money and inconvenience, and the benefit would be rare and minor. I suspect your "world" is one where you have U1 blades and things like that and/or where the disk's content is not 100% your own (i.e. other people depend on it), so for your use case RAID is probably a no-brainer. For me, the choice is similarly blindingly obvious but diametrically opposed because my use case is radically different. Stefan
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On Thu, 6 Aug 2020 11:11:41 -0400 rhkra...@gmail.com wrote: > On Thursday, August 06, 2020 10:07:59 AM Celejar wrote: > > * Incremental and differential backups are backups of the delta between > > the last full backup and the current system state (either individually > > [differential] or collectively [incremental]) > > I am not Leslie Rhorer, I'm just coming out of left field, but I'd state the > above a little differently (based on the reading about backups that I've done > recently and past experiences). > > Incremental and differential backups are similar in that neither are a full > backup, they are a backup of the differences between two full images (or > backups, or mirrors). > > A differential backup (seemingly in the usage of most manufacturers) is a > backup of the differences between two images but possibly not sequential > images. (For example, if somehow a backup image is created every day, a > differential backup could be the differences between the image on say Monday > and > Thursday.) > > In contrast (and again, seemingly in the usage of most manufacturers) is a > backup of each image, for example, (in the example above), there would be an > incremental backup of the differences between the Monday and Tuesday images, > another incremental backup of the differences between the Tuesday and > Wednesday > images, and so on. I think this is what I said, albeit expressed at greater length and more clearly ;) > > * I have no idea (nor do Google, DuckDuckGo, or Wikipedia) what a > > "decremental backup" is. > > Perhaps he means (I shouldn't put words in his mouth) a reverse backup? > Forward backups of differences are those that list the changes to make an > older > image into a newer image. You can do the reverse, and list the changes > required to make a newer image into an older image. > > Believe it or not, there are sometimes advantages to that approach, which I > won't get into very deeply. > > But one is, if you do the backups in reverse, the corrolary to that is that, > the current full image is the latest, and maybe the most likely to be needed. > > (Of course, it takes a little longer to arrange the backups in reverse.) Sure. But I'm not sure I see any significant advantage in this - slightly cheaper restores, at the cost of more expensive backups? Given that I do many, many backups, and very few restores, it hardly seems worth it. > Another is, that if you want to get rid of older backups, that is fairly > easily done by deleting the older differences. In forward backups, if you > want > to get rid of older backups, you have to create a "new" old / base image. True. But that work, of rebasing backups, you're going to be doing all the time with decremental, instead of just when pruning with normal incremental / differential, so how is this an advantage? Celejar
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
Leslie Rhorer wrote: > And how useful is that? There are very few duplicate files on my > systems, because I use applications to eliminate duplicates. > Eliminating duplicates in a live data repository is far more important > than doing it on backup media. > May be you misunderstand deduplication or duplication. It is not about files you have on your disk, but what is already in the backup repository, so you avoid duplicating the backup of the same file for example in each full backup. Because most of the files do not change, this is how you save that much space. If you were having files that change more often, then again it depends on how much of this files change and this much goes into the backup. In fact a backup with deduplication is a sort of always incremental, but the adventage is that you can do a full restore from any backup, which is actually cool.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
>> I find it hard to believe that it's a rare feature. >> The system I use (`bup`) does support that as well (every backup is >> (more or less) a Git commit, so it doesn't distinguish full-backups from >> incrementals), but it doesn't bother to mention it probably because it's >> very basic. > > Uh-uh. Full, incremenal, and decremental backups are all completely > different than deletion restoral. In `bup` you basically only have full backups (but at the cost of an incremental backup). So you never apply an incremental backup after extracting a full backup. And hence there's never any need to do "deletion restoral". Stefan
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
Leslie Rhorer wrote: > A few copies of what size? The backup server is an exact mirror of the > main server, plus several T of additional files I don't need on the main > server. The question is how much back in time you can go. If you have just a mirror - it is one copy, so you can go one step back only. I don't argue about your approach, it is your design, your servers, but in your case I would use definitely deduplication. If you have a problem with data transfer - use fiber, by that volume of data 10G is a must.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
Stefan Monnier wrote: > And you suggest I put a 4-drive enclosure in my backpack next to my > laptop? Seriously? :D +1 Stefan, I have the same situation - on the Laptop only backup works :D Basically you can forget RAID in USB2 context. I have not tried USB3, but I heard that even the spead is compareable the issue is with the controllers. This is BS idea - imagine you have a meeting and you make a presentation packing out 2-3 USB disks just to have a RAID :D This was funny!
Re: Kernel doesn't recognises devices on USB 3 port
Mick Ab wrote: > However, given the uncertainty of the cause of the problem with the port, > I am reluctant to shut down the desktop and reboot in case the reboot > fails. Do you have other ports to try? Sometimes it is dust, sometimes a blown up capacitor or whatever. Try on another PC, does it work there? And what shows your log file when you plug in the device? Are the drivers loaded?
Re: non-smart debian phone
> I plan to get a non-smart phone to replace my smart phone. > By non-smart, i mean that it does not have a touch screen. Could you clarify what you're looking for? I.e. is the presence of a touch screen the problem, or is the absence of mechanical/physical keys the problem, or is the risk of being spied on via the device the problem (... or something else)? I say that because the market is such that it might be easier to take a cheap "normal" smartphone and adapt it to your particular needs than to get what you directly wish for. [ E.g. if you're looking for a good&cheap MP3 player, a smartphone is most likely your best bet by a long shot. ] > It would be nice if it ran a free operating system, such as debian. Which part matter most: the ability to tweak/configure it, or the ethical aspect of it being truly Free, or the familiarity with Debian? Stefan
Re: non-smart debian phone
On Thu, Aug 6, 2020 at 10:31 AM Stefan Monnier wrote: > > I plan to get a non-smart phone to replace my smart phone. > > By non-smart, i mean that it does not have a touch screen. > > Could you clarify what you're looking for? I.e. is the presence of > a touch screen the problem, or is the absence of mechanical/physical keys > the problem, or is the risk of being spied on via the device the problem > (... or something else)? > > I say that because the market is such that it might be easier to take > a cheap "normal" smartphone and adapt it to your particular needs than > to get what you directly wish for. > [ E.g. if you're looking for a good&cheap MP3 player, a smartphone is > most likely your best bet by a long shot. ] > > > It would be nice if it ran a free operating system, such as debian. > > Which part matter most: the ability to tweak/configure it, or the > ethical aspect of it being truly Free, or the familiarity with Debian? > > Thanks Stefan for your reply. Thanks also Russell and Deloptes for the recommendations and leads. As to what i'm looking for, well, i'm trying to figure that out. But as far as the software goes, since i'm getting new hardware, i want to use free software if possible: i think free software advances our civilization and if my product choice can help that process along, that would be good. If i were going to get a smartphone, i would very seriously consider the Librem (puri.sm) running PureOS. But i've decided that i don't really need or want a smartphone. I want something that i can make and receive calls with (with very low frequency), and which i inspect to get the time if i'm not near my computer or a clock. I especially do not want a large, fragile touch screen. If it had a wired connection, such as USB, over which i could ssh in and fool around, that would be a nice extra. And it would be nice to be able to download voicemail into sound files on my computer. So i'm looking for recommendations or advice. And thanks again, Stefan, Russell, and Deloptes. dan
Re: non-smart debian phone
I hate I dumped posts before checking on this thread as I have comparative issues. With my own interest being the absence of a touch screen replaced by real keys. Was there a lead that matched this idea? Karen On Thu, 6 Aug 2020, Dan Hitt wrote: On Thu, Aug 6, 2020 at 10:31 AM Stefan Monnier wrote: I plan to get a non-smart phone to replace my smart phone. By non-smart, i mean that it does not have a touch screen. Could you clarify what you're looking for? I.e. is the presence of a touch screen the problem, or is the absence of mechanical/physical keys the problem, or is the risk of being spied on via the device the problem (... or something else)? I say that because the market is such that it might be easier to take a cheap "normal" smartphone and adapt it to your particular needs than to get what you directly wish for. [ E.g. if you're looking for a good&cheap MP3 player, a smartphone is most likely your best bet by a long shot. ] It would be nice if it ran a free operating system, such as debian. Which part matter most: the ability to tweak/configure it, or the ethical aspect of it being truly Free, or the familiarity with Debian? Thanks Stefan for your reply. Thanks also Russell and Deloptes for the recommendations and leads. As to what i'm looking for, well, i'm trying to figure that out. But as far as the software goes, since i'm getting new hardware, i want to use free software if possible: i think free software advances our civilization and if my product choice can help that process along, that would be good. If i were going to get a smartphone, i would very seriously consider the Librem (puri.sm) running PureOS. But i've decided that i don't really need or want a smartphone. I want something that i can make and receive calls with (with very low frequency), and which i inspect to get the time if i'm not near my computer or a clock. I especially do not want a large, fragile touch screen. If it had a wired connection, such as USB, over which i could ssh in and fool around, that would be a nice extra. And it would be nice to be able to download voicemail into sound files on my computer. So i'm looking for recommendations or advice. And thanks again, Stefan, Russell, and Deloptes. dan
Re: Kernel doesn't recognises devices on USB 3 port
> A new portable hard drive and a new flash drive were, in turn, plugged into > the USB 3 port, but fdisk -l, lsblk and lsusb outputs suggest that > neither of these devices are recognised by the kernel when in that port. I have a similar problem with my laptop with a USB 3.0 port. It works in "legacy" 2x mode and does not play nicely with most USB 3 devices. Sometimes my USB 3 devices work, sometimes they don't. A number of other people have complained about this with the general opinion being that some sort of controller/BIOS/firmware incompatibility with the Linux kernel is to blame. Others note that USB 3 is woefully fragmented with the various "generations" and minor versions not talking to each other and having varying levels of compliance. USB 4 will allegedly fix most of that. Some have found that adding a "pci=nomsi" boot parameter will fix the problem. I haven't tried this myself as I don't entirely understand how it works. Someone smarter than I probably can explain, though.
AppArmor or Telepathy error
I tried today Empathy for the first time. And I was not able to connect to my jabber server. So i dug a bit deeper, but honestly I really do not understand this: log Aug 06 19:55:19 typer dbus-daemon[3320]: [session uid=1000 pid=3320] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.Telepathy.ConnectionManager.haze' requested by ':1.66' (uid=1000 pid=4031 comm="/usr/bin/empathy-acco Aug 06 19:55:19 typer tracker-miner-f[3591]: Could not process 'file:///home/henning/%2318875467': Error when getting information for file “/home/henning/#18875467”: No such file or directory Aug 06 19:55:20 typer audit[4039]: AVC apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="/usr/lib/telepathy/telepathy-*" name="/usr/share/perl/5.28.1/strict.pm" pid=4039 comm="telepathy-haze" requested_mask="r" denied Aug 06 19:55:20 typer org.freedesktop.Telepathy.ConnectionManager.haze[3320]: Can't locate strict.pm: /usr/share/perl/5.28/strict.pm: Permission denied at /usr/lib/purple-2/XEP-0027.pl line 31. Aug 06 19:55:20 typer org.freedesktop.Telepathy.ConnectionManager.haze[3320]: BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/lib/purple-2/XEP-0027.pl line 31. Aug 06 19:55:20 typer kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1596758120.240:27): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="/usr/lib/telepathy/telepathy-*" name="/usr/share/perl/5.28.1/strict.pm" pid=4039 comm="telepat Aug 06 19:55:20 typer dbus-daemon[3320]: [session uid=1000 pid=3320] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.Telepathy.ConnectionManager.haze' * honestly it looks like apparmor is preventing a perl script to execute. I guess I should report this. Is the apparmor the right place to report? -H -- Henning Follmann | hfollm...@itcfollmann.com
Re: non-smart debian phone
On 7/8/20 5:55 am, Dan Hitt wrote: But i've decided that i don't really need or want a smartphone. I want something that i can make and receive calls with (with very low frequency), and which i inspect to get the time if i'm not near my computer or a clock. I especially do not want a large, fragile touch screen. If it's phone calls ONLY, all's good. The first SMS you send, will remind you how hard it is. Our StVincent de Paul group needed a phone - as cheap as possible. So we got a 12 button unit. (Android by the bye). It took about 2 minutes to realise our error. We had all forgotten how inconvenient it is to touch one key several times to get the letter you want. And in this case, numbers were another menu away. And it was about $10 cheaper than a low-end smart phone. Just suggesting there are practicable matters -- Keith Bainbridge keithr...@gmail.com 0447 667468
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 11:25 AM, deloptes wrote: Stefan Monnier wrote: And you suggest I put a 4-drive enclosure in my backpack next to my laptop? Seriously? Why not? Stefan, I have the same situation - on the Laptop only backup works :D Basically you can forget RAID in USB2 context. I have not tried USB3, but I heard that even the spead is compareable the issue is with the controllers. This is BS idea - imagine you have a meeting and you make a presentation packing out 2-3 USB disks just to have a RAID :D First of all, it is one small chassis, not 2 -3 separate disks. Secondly, so what? You act as if a small box sitting next to a laptop is some sort of elephant sitting in your lap. It is not difficult at all to imagine. What's difficult to imagine is using a laptop for a business presentation. I have done thousands of business presentations. Not one on a laptop. This was funny!
Re: delimiters with more than one character? ...
On 2020-08-06 20:33, Greg Wooledge wrote:
For short strings, doing this sort of parsing in bash is fine. But as
you can see, on large inputs, it does not scale well. The fact that each
iteration makes a *copy* of nearly the entire remaining input doesn't
help matters, either -- right off the bat, that algorithm makes the run
time explode, even before you take into account bash's 100% interpreted
runtime slowness.
Thanks for the insights.
So, re: the OP's question, it's possible in bash, but there's unlikely
to be an efficient way for long strings.
But (unwilling to give up) IF it can be guaranteed that the string will
never contain newlines, then this is about 16x faster than the
snip-and-loop version:
---
#!/bin/bash
_S=' 34 + 45 \| abc \| 1 2 3 \| c\|123abc '
del='\|'
mapfile -t arr <<< ${_S//"${del}"/$'\n'}
declare -p arr
---
Seems to accept unusual characters and empty items.
Awk can ignore newlines, but a lot of the other shell tools are
line-based anyway.
--
John
Re: non-smart debian phone
Dan Hitt wrote: > If i were going to get a smartphone, i would very seriously consider the > Librem (puri.sm) running PureOS. > > But i've decided that i don't really need or want a smartphone. I want > something that i can make and receive calls with (with very low > frequency), and which i inspect to get the time if i'm not near my > computer or a clock. I especially do not want a large, fragile touch > screen. If it had a wired connection, such as USB, over which i could ssh > in and fool around, that would be a nice extra. And it would be nice to > be able to download voicemail into sound files on my computer. > > So i'm looking for recommendations or advice. 750,- compared to 25$ Kai OS phone - you have some room in between :D AS people said if you don't need SMS or some specific online service new generation of those cheap phones will suite you https://www.kaiostech.com/explore/devices/
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
Leslie Rhorer wrote: > First of all, it is one small chassis, not 2 -3 separate disks. > Secondly, so what? You act as if a small box sitting next to a laptop > is some sort of elephant sitting in your lap. It is not difficult at > all to imagine. What's difficult to imagine is using a laptop for a > business presentation. I have done thousands of business presentations. > Not one on a laptop. I don't know from which universe you came here, honestly :D, sorry, I don't mean to hurt you ... it is just (lets say) some untraditional thinking. You must know that this is a public list that stays in the memory of the Earths internet for long time. The questions here should have suitable answers. This is the only motivation I write to this thread. Not that someone reads this and thinks those debian users are all freaks and if you see someone walking around with a pack of external drives, must have read this thread. regards
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 11:15 AM, deloptes wrote: Leslie Rhorer wrote: A few copies of what size? ??The backup server is an exact mirror of the main server, plus several T of additional files I don't need on the main server. The question is how much back in time you can go. If you have just a mirror - it is one copy, so you can go one step back only. Which is why I have offline archival backups in addition to the mirror. Since this is primarily a media server, more than 21T of the files will never change. More than 1/2 of the files are at least 5 years old: root@RAID-Server:/# find /RAID/ | wc -l 382489 root@RAID-Server:/# find /RAID/ -mtime +365 | wc -l 352044 root@RAID-Server:/# find /RAID/ -mtime +730 | wc -l 286695 root@RAID-Server:/# find /RAID/ -mtime +1825 | wc -l 244813 root@RAID-Server:/# find /RAID/ -mtime +3650 | wc -l 22954 Almost all the files older than 1 year are new, not modified. Note also that while there are 382489 files on the array, about 3000 are considerably larger than 1G, representing more than 70% of the space on the drive. Not one of these files are duplicates at any level. The majority of the remaining files (275729) are less than 10K each. Even if every one were a duplicate, that only represents less than 1.5G of uncompressed storage. The vast majority of those never change, either. In reality, the savings would be zilch. I don't argue about your approach, it is your design, your servers, but in your case I would use definitely deduplication. And save what? About 0.002%. There are maybe 100 duplicate files larger than 50K on my server, excluding hard links and temporary files. The hard links are handled expeditiously by DAR. Temporary files don't get backed up. If you have a problem with data transfer - use fiber, by that volume of data 10G is a must. I do. The servers have 10G optical links between them. A full backup to the RAID 6 array takes several days. A full backup to single drives takes 2 weeks, because single drives are limited to about 800Mbps, while the array can gulp down nerly 4Gbps. Nightly backups (via rsync) take a few minutes, at most.
Re: aptitude why (Was: Re: After software update systemd runs into timeouts)
On 2020-08-06 at 07:24, Dan Ritter wrote: > Urs Thuermann wrote: > >> $ aptitude why libpam-systemd >> i systemd Recommends libpam-systemd >> $ aptitude why policykit-1 libpam-systemd >> i A policykit-1 Depends libpam-systemd >> >> But now I see reason: policykit-1 is also installed only because >> virt-manager *recommends* libvirt-daemon-system which depends on >> policykit-1: >> >> $ aptitude why virt-manager libpam-systemd >> i virt-manager Recommends libvirt-daemon-system (>= 1.2.7) >> i A libvirt-daemon-system Dependspolicykit-1 >> i A policykit-1 Dependslibpam-systemd >> >> But since that chain is longer, aptitude shows the recommendation of >> systemd. In the output of aptitude purge in my other mail I hadn't >> realized that libvirt-daemon-system is also only automatically >> installed. > > Interesting bit here: libvirt-daemon-system supplies the startup > scripts for libvirtd, both sysvinit style and systemd style. It > has no other function. > > If you want to use sysvinit *and* libvirtd, you either need to > write your own scripts or extract them from the .deb and not > install it, because the Depends will end up installing > systemd-sysv and thus replacing init. > > libvirt-daemon-system ought to be two packages, or the sysvinit > scripts ought to be included with libvirt-daemon. At a glance, I'd guess that https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=897936 and/or https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=765448 may be relevant. #765448 may not be valid anymore; although libvirt-daemon-system still depends on policykit-1, policykit-1 now depends not on libpam-systemd (thereby bringing in systemd-as-the-init-system) but on 'default-logind | logind', which means that elogind can satisfy the requirement under sysvinit. Indeed, 'apt-get --dry-run install libvirt-daemon-system' on current testing on a machine running sysvinit (and with one type or another of blacklist on libpam-systemd) attempts to install elogind and libvirt-daemon-system-sysv, and does not bring in anything directly systemd-related at all as far as I can see. As such, #765488 should probably be updated, because the specific statement it gives does not seem to be true anymore. So the question on my end now becomes whether installing elogind causes the negative symptoms which I barely even remember anymore from when I was trying out libpam-systemd via systemd-shim - and I think I'm willing to try the experiment and find out, in the hope of possibly being once again able to actually run VMs on this machine without having to manage them manually. The biggest downside seems to be the need to carefully specify packages at install time to avoid having some packages unnecessarily removed during the transition from libsystemd0 to libelogind0, but I think I've navigated that without troubles. (#897936 seems to still be valid, at least insofar as this information changes anything. I still hope for a fix, since I'd prefer not to have a logind running on my system at all, whether provided via systemd or not.) > In unstable, it becomes two packages. In testing, too, as far as I can tell. -- The Wanderer The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 8:12 PM, deloptes wrote: I don't know from which universe you came here, honestly :D, sorry, I don't mean to hurt you ... You would find that quite impossible. I would never be upset over a simple disagreement. Or a complex one, for that matter. Any forum without disagreement is useless. That very last thing I ever want around me is a bunch of "yes" men. it is just (lets say) some untraditional thinking. Your point here totally escapes me. I started working with computers in 1974. Computers, let alone personal computers, were anything but traditional at that point. "Tradition" is nothing but a synonym for stagnation, ineffectiveness, and inefficiency. Anyone who thinks traditionally isn't really thinking. You must know that this is a public list that stays in the memory of the Earths internet for long time. It exists in cold storage, not so much in memory. Unless the post is very memorable, only a figurative handful of people will remember it more than a week, if that. Very few people go back and read archived messages in the list. Come on. Be honest. How many messages in this or any other forum can you specifically remember from a year ago? When was the last time you read a post more than a year old? My servers have a permanent and non-volatile memory (thank heavens), but I don't, and neither does the average Debian user. The questions here should have suitable answers. This is the only motivation I write to this thread. Not that someone reads this and thinks those debian Personally, I don't walk around with anything - not even a laptop, but an external enclosure such as the following can easily fit in a backpack, a large laptop case, or a camera bag. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0711L68MS/ref=ask_ql_qh_dp_hza It's not even 5' in diameter and barely 6" long. The non-RAID version is $51. The version with built-in RAID is $90. > users are all freaks and if you see someone walking around with a pack > of external drives, must have read this thread. You keep saying "pack of drives", or "bunch of disks". An external enclosure is no larger in volume than many laptops, and much, much smaller than the load of books I carried around in college. The one above is smaller than a box of tissues and not much bigger than the cell phone I carried around for nearly ten years. If I were one to use a laptop - which I most certainly do not - I wouldn't carry the array around, however. It would sit either at home or at work (one and the same, for me) and I would access it through the internet.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 11:09 AM, deloptes wrote: Leslie Rhorer wrote: And how useful is that? There are very few duplicate files on my systems, because I use applications to eliminate duplicates. Eliminating duplicates in a live data repository is far more important than doing it on backup media. May be you misunderstand deduplication or duplication. It is not about files you have on your disk, but what is already in the backup repository, so you avoid duplicating the backup of the same file for example in each full backup. Because most of the files do not change, this is how you save that much space. That is the default for DAR for a given existing isolate*. Any backup software that is aware of its own history can accomplish this, even TAR. The command `tar -u` will append only new files or files that have changed to the end of the archive. All you seem to be talking about is a differential backup. * - An isolate is essentially a listing of all the files associated with an archive along with the history if its actions. DAR has the ability to isolate a backup and work from it. The isolate is tiny.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
> If I were one to use a laptop - which I most certainly do not - I think that's why you don't consider it unthinkable to carry around such a thing along with your laptop. What you're suggesting looks like the following to me: - I go to my favorite café to work for the afternoon [ ah, the good ol' days before covid! ] - I take out my laptop - I start to wo oh no, wait, I forgot, I also have to: - take out my RAID disk - plug it in - notice that it needs power - take out its power adapter - look around to see where on earth I'm going to plug it - wonder why I bother carrying a laptop with a battery if my drive needs a power outlet > I wouldn't carry the array around, however. It would sit either at > home or at work (one and the same, for me) and I would access it > through the internet. So we're back at square one: your laptop wouldn't have a RAID drive and neither your root partition nor your $HOME files would be protected by RAID. I'm glad we agree ;-0 BTW, if you care about RAID and about having a laptop, there are many good options out there for laptops that can take two internal drives (either 2x 2½" or 2x M.2 or a mix of the two). Stefan
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
>> I don't argue about your approach, it is your design, your servers, but in >> your case I would use definitely deduplication. > And save what? About 0.002%. I don't know if it's important for your use case (probably not), but in backups, deduplication is (mostly) not about finding common data between the different files you backup, but to find common data between different backups, thus allowing the backup tool to get rid of the distinction between a full backup and an incremental backup: all backups are "like full" but cost "like incremental". So deduplication doesn't really save disk space, instead it saves you from having to worry about tradeoffs between making full backups and making incremental backups. AFAICT you already have made those decisions long ago, so saving you the worry is probably not of much value to you. Stefan
Re: non-smart debian phone
Is the screen really a show-stopper? If not, how about getting a PinePhone CE, and running Mobian or postmarketOS on it? https://store.pine64.org/product/pinephone-community-edition-postmarketos-with-convergence-package-limited-edition-linux-smartphone/ -r > From: Dan Hitt > Subject: non-smart debian phone > Date: August 5, 2020 at 21:38:40 PDT > To: debian-user > > I plan to get a non-smart phone to replace my smart phone. > > By non-smart, i mean that it does not have a touch screen. > > However, it might be reasonable for it to have a usb port not just for > charging, but for communication with my computer. Conceivably it might be > useful to download voice mail to my computer, for example, or maybe to play > through its speakers. > > It would be nice if it ran a free operating system, such as debian. > > Does anybody have any experience along these lines, or advice? > > Thanks in advance! > > dan
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
On 8/6/2020 10:36 PM, Stefan Monnier wrote: If I were one to use a laptop - which I most certainly do not - I think that's why you don't consider it unthinkable to carry around such a thing along with your laptop. I carried around a 90 lb tool case everywhere for nearly 20 years. I've carried luggables that weighed almost 20 lbs. I've lugged 60 lbs of SCUBA gear all over creation. A laptop and a couple of small boxes is nothing. I don't carry a laptop because it is nearly impossible to get any work done on a laptop. If I did, I would certainly carry a full sized keyboard - probably a roll-up, a decent mouse, and a power brick. What you're suggesting looks like the following to me: - I go to my favorite caf?? to work for the afternoon [ ah, the good ol' days before covid! ] I *NEVER* take work anywhere but work. When I eat, I eat. I don't even answer my cell phone. When I sleep, I sleep, and ditto. When I watch a movie, I watch a movie. 'No distractions, no matter what I am doing. The only thing I do in the office other than work is drink water. When I take a break, I go in the other room. - I take out my laptop Which of course, is dead. That's OK, though because I immediately get out my power brick and plug in my laptop, and my phone, which is also nearly dead. Then I get out my keyboard, then my mouse, then my headphones. - I start to wo oh no, wait, I forgot, I also have to: - take out my RAID disk Yep. Oh, how strenuous. - plug it in - notice that it needs power - take out its power adapter Nope, I just plug it into the same brick that powers the laptop and is charging my phone. - look around to see where on earth I'm going to plug it - wonder why I bother carrying a laptop with a battery if my drive needs a power outlet Then I wonder why I am carrying around a laptop with a single minuscule screen, sitting in an uncomfortable chair in a place with glacial internet, a lot of noise, and an HVAC system set at who knows what temperature, when what is really needed is a system with two 32 inch monitors, a minimum of 8 processors running at least 4GHZ, and 32G of RAM. Why sit in such a place when I can sit in great comfort in a padded chair where I control the cooling and all the sounds, and where I can yell as loud as I like at vendors. Oh, and I don't eat at cafe's. If I go out, it is to a restaurant, and it is always with friends, or sometimes business associates. I wouldn't carry the array around, however. It would sit either at home or at work (one and the same, for me) and I would access it through the internet. So we're back at square one: your laptop wouldn't have a RAID drive and neither your root partition nor your $HOME files would be protected by RAID. The root partition doesn't need to be. Simple backups are OK for that, although if I did ever use a laptop for work, it would have a RAID 1 boot drive, just like the rest of my desktop computers. Plus, $HOME would be on a RAID array separate from the / source device, just like my other computers. BTW, if you care about RAID and about having a laptop, there are many good options out there for laptops that can take two internal drives (either 2x 2??" or 2x M.2 or a mix of the two). I know that. This does not prevent one from having an external array.
Re: Homebuilt NAS Advice
Leslie Rhorer wrote: > Come on. Be honest. How many messages in this or any other forum can > you specifically remember from a year ago? When was the last time you > read a post more than a year old? My servers have a permanent and > non-volatile memory (thank heavens), but I don't, and neither does the > average Debian user. Well, few days ago I read few threads from 2013/14 and I remember few that were helpful to me from past few years. I was referring the internet as a cache. The young people (I am also not that young) are very pragmatic. Most of them want to work from the phone if possible :D. I think it goes like phone, tablet, laptop and a desktop. The desktop they see as a tool to play games, because the hardware required does not fit into the other type of devices. I think the next generation will look at laptops the way this now is looking at desktops. I also agree that there are notebooks where you can put two disks inside, but I was not sure for the newer models with NMVIe or M.2 slots. On the older models I would replace the CD/DVD ROM with a case holding an SSD, but newer models do not have even CD ROM drive.
