There is a relatively recent Crypto API called PKCS 15 that you can look at on the RSA webpage. It might be of some interest in that it deals with more specific smartcard issues that PKCS11 doesn't face. Dave -- ****************************************************************** David Corcoran Internet Security/Smartcards Work: School: 205 Industrial Blvd 2252 US Highway 52 West Apt C4 Sugar Land, TX 77478 West Lafayette, IN 47906 Suggestion: Use Linux, it is for IQ's higher than 95. Quote: If you can't make it work, at least make it look good. ~ Bill Gates ****************************************************************** *************************************************************** Linux Smart Card Developers - M.U.S.C.L.E. (Movement for the Use of Smart Cards in a Linux Environment) http://www.linuxnet.com/smartcard/index.html ***************************************************************