Thank you for the explanation. Not being familiar with python, I had
no way of knowing wether it was Sage or python. The examples in Sage
tend to use x, y & z as variable symbols so I naturally used them, as
well. The logical construct of "print bool (symbol = symbol) should
then not be used, I take it, as it generates a keyword error? And =
should be replaced with ==? What occurs then when an assumption is
explicitly symbol = some other symbol or , again, is the proper usage
to use ==?

Many Thanks!

Mike

On Apr 17, 12:32 pm, Robert Bradshaw <rober...@math.washington.edu>
wrote:
> On Apr 17, 2009, at 11:00 AM, MikeF wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > Hi All,
>
> > Newbie issue.
>
> > I'm new to Sage but was messing about with Westers logical inference
> > problem ( x>=y, y>=z, z>=z) and then using == and = by itself in the
> > bool function. I've simplified the logic and isolated what I believe
> > to be an error in behavior, perhaps designed but ought to be warned
> > against. I found no warning.
>
> > The function bool seems to always generate true when constructed as
> > "print bool( x= some variable)". Perhaps it is the global variable
> > usage. My work around is not to use the variable x within logical
> > constructs. It may or may not relate to the equivalence problem in
> > Wester.
>
> This is because the Python bool constructor names it's first argument  
> "x" and so x is getting passed in as a keyword argument. In pure Python:
>
>  >>> bool(x=5)
> True
>  >>> bool(x=None)
> False
>
> Note that this is a common problem:
>
>  >>> int(x=2)
> 2
>
> I'm not sure there's anything we can do about this (short of raising  
> a warning in the preparser, which IMHO is a bad idea). We could also  
> write our own is_true function, which doesn't accept keyword  
> arguments and passes on to bool.
>
> - Robert
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