Best.com used to be a big ISP shop in these parts, but they are stale since being picked up by Verio. Anyway, after some consternation, I found that they are running rsync 1.6.8, which is incompatible with 2.4.6. This was more confusing than it might have been: - The only diagnosis for "protocol mismatch" errors talked about the garbage in .cshrc cause; no mention whatsoever that rsync backwards incompatibility might occur in the wild. - No faq or other info on rsync version compatibilities - I was using ssh, which turned out to be a no-op (my rsh errors are still even weirder) To diagnose, I built latest rsync from source, and printed out the remote_protocol (was 14) and compared MIN_PROTOCOL_VERSION (15). To solve, I built a local copy of latest rsync on best (without a hitch) and pointed to it using --rsync-path. Now me happy. I suspect that other Best users may pop up with this same problem. If any of you are prowling the newsgroups, you might want to make a comment. Best wishes to all, Jim ps: I am not a subscriber to this list. Jim Mackraz [EMAIL PROTECTED]