Github user JDrit commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/7478#discussion_r35057227
  
    --- Diff: 
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/expressions/ResolveVirtualColumn.scala
 ---
    @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
    +/*
    + * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    + * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    + * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    + * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    + * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    + * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    + *
    + *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    + *
    + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    + * limitations under the License.
    + */
    +
    +package org.apache.spark.sql.expressions
    +
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis._
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Alias, VirtualColumn}
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.expressions.SparkPartitionID
    +
    +/**
    + * Used to resolve virtual column attributes and insert the expression for 
them. Add case
    + * statements to this for each additional virtual column
    + */
    +private[sql] class ResolveVirtualColumn(resolver: Resolver) extends 
Rule[LogicalPlan] {
    +  def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = plan transform {
    +    case lPlan: LogicalPlan => lPlan transformExpressionsUp {
    +      case u @ UnresolvedAttribute(nameParts) if nameParts.length == 1 &&
    +        resolver(nameParts.head, VirtualColumn.sparkPartitionId) => 
SparkPartitionID
    --- End diff --
    
    So the query you gave will resolve the outer `spark__partition__id` as a 
virtual column, ignoring the alias. 
    
    Some other data points:
    
    `select spark__partition__id from table` (where `spark__partition__id` is a 
column) will resolve to the column and not the virtual column.
    
    `SELECT a as spark__partition__id from test_table` will resolve the column 
`a`
    
    The order of precedence goes, column, virtual_column, alias.


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