ilicmarkodb opened a new pull request, #54435:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/54435

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   ### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
   * `ConstantPropagation` optimizer rule substitutes attributes with literals 
derived from equality                                                           
                                                                                
   
       predicates (e.g. `c = 'hello'`), then propagates them into other 
conditions in the same                                                          
                                                                                
            
       conjunction. This is unsafe for non-binary-stable collations (e.g. 
`UTF8_LCASE`) where                                                             
                                                                                
   
       equality is non-identity: `c = 'hello'` (case-insensitive) does not 
imply `c` holds exactly                                                         
                                                                                
         
       the bytes `'hello'` - it could also be `'HELLO'`, `'Hello'`, etc.        
                                                                                
                                                                                
    
    * Substituting `c → 'hello'` in a second condition like `c = 'HELLO' 
COLLATE UNICODE` turns it                                                       
                                                                                
          
       into the constant expression `'hello' = 'HELLO' COLLATE UNICODE`, which 
is always `false`,                                                              
                                                                                
     
       producing incorrect results.                                             
                                                                                
                                                                                
    
    * Fixed by guarding `safeToReplace` with `isBinaryStable(ar.dataType)` so 
propagation is skipped                                                          
                                                                                
     
       for attributes whose type is not binary-stable.
   
   
   ### Why are the changes needed?
   Bug fix.
   
   
   ### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
   No.
   
   ### How was this patch tested?
   New unit test.
   
   
   ### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
   No.


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