andrej-db commented on code in PR #48621:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/48621#discussion_r1816733357


##########
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/jdbc/MsSqlServerDialect.scala:
##########
@@ -88,11 +88,29 @@ private case class MsSqlServerDialect() extends JdbcDialect 
with NoLegacyJDBCErr
         case e: Predicate => e.name() match {
           case "=" | "<>" | "<=>" | "<" | "<=" | ">" | ">=" =>
             val Array(l, r) = e.children().map {
-              case p: Predicate => s"CASE WHEN ${inputToSQL(p)} THEN 1 ELSE 0 
END"
+              case p: Predicate => inputToCaseWhenSQL(p)
               case o => inputToSQL(o)
             }
             visitBinaryComparison(e.name(), l, r)
-          case "CASE_WHEN" => 
visitCaseWhen(expressionsToStringArray(e.children())) + " = 1"
+          case "CASE_WHEN" =>
+            // Since MsSqlServer cannot handle boolean expressions inside
+            // a CASE WHEN, it is necessary to convert those to an IIF
+            // expression that will return 1 or 0 depending on the result.
+            // Example:
+            // In:  ... CASE WHEN a = b THEN c = d ...
+            // Out: ... CASE WHEN a = b THEN IIF(c = d, 1, 0) ...
+
+            // grouped turns Array[Expression] to Array[Array[Expression]]
+            // with a len of max 2 (final one will have only one)
+            val stringArray = e.children().grouped(2).flatMap { arr =>
+              arr.dropRight(1).map(inputToSQL) :+
+                (arr.last match {
+                  case p: Predicate if p.name() != "ALWAYS_TRUE" && p.name() 
!= "ALWAYS_FALSE" =>

Review Comment:
   problem is that MsSql cannot ask for a boolean as it cannot handle booleans. 
Any other DB will know how to translate it so we are ok. Only way this poses a 
problem is if we say CASE WHEN TRUE THEN which makes no sense so we are good



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