Thanks to all. Great ideas. I found Eik Vettorazzi's suggesstion easy to implrment:

ebarm<-vbarm<-NULL
...

if (is.null(ebarm)) ebarm<-ame.00$ei/k else ebarm<-ebarm+ame.00$ei/k
if (is.null(vbarm)) vbarm<-ame.00$vi/k else vbarm<-vbarm+ame.00$vi/k
...

Steven Yen

On 2/29/2024 10:31 PM, Ebert,Timothy Aaron wrote:

You could declare a matrix much larger than you intend to use. This works with 
a few megabytes of data. It is not very efficient, so scaling up may become a 
problem.
m22 <- matrix(NA, 1:600000, ncol=6)

It does not work to add a new column to the matrix, as in you get an error if 
you try m22[ , 7] but convert to data frame and add a column

m23 <- data.frame(m22)
m23$x7 <- 12

The only penalty that I know of to having unused space in a matrix is the 
amount of memory it takes. One side effect is that your program may have a 
mistake that you would normally catch with a subscript out of bounds error but 
with the extra space it now runs without errors.

Tim



-----Original Message-----
From: R-help <r-help-boun...@r-project.org> On Behalf Of Richard O'Keefe
Sent: Thursday, February 29, 2024 5:29 AM
To: Steven Yen <st...@ntu.edu.tw>
Cc: R-help Mailing List <r-help@r-project.org>
Subject: Re: [R] Initializing vector and matrices

[External Email]

x <- numeric(0)
for (...) {
     x[length(x)+1] <- ...
}
works.
You can build a matrix by building a vector one element at a time this way, and 
then reshaping it at the end.  That only works if you don't need it to be a 
matrix at all times.
Another approach is to build a list of rows.  It's not a matrix, but a list of 
rows can be a *ragged* matrix with rows of varying length.

On Wed, 28 Feb 2024 at 21:57, Steven Yen <st...@ntu.edu.tw> wrote:
Is there as way to initialize a vector (matrix) with an unknown length
(dimension)? NULL does not seem to work. The lines below work with a
vector of length 4 and a matrix of 4 x 4. What if I do not know
initially the length/dimension of the vector/matrix?

All I want is to add up (accumulate)  the vector and matrix as I go
through the loop.

Or, are there other ways to accumulate such vectors and matrices?

  > x<-rep(0,4)  # this works but I like to leave the length open  >
for (i in 1:3){
+  x1<-1:4
+  x<-x+x1
+ }
  > x
[1]  3  6  9 12

  > y = 0*matrix(1:16, nrow = 4, ncol = 4); # this works but I like to
leave the dimension open
       [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    0    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0    0
[4,]    0    0    0    0
  > for (i in 1:3){
+   y1<-matrix(17:32, nrow = 4, ncol = 4)
+   y<-y+y1
+ }
  > y
       [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]   51   63   75   87
[2,]   54   66   78   90
[3,]   57   69   81   93
[4,]   60   72   84   96
  >

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