Dear friend Richard,
Thank you for your interest in helping me through this challenge. As
requested, I am providing the two lat and long frames you suggested, plus
the one single column I am trying to decode:
LatitudeFrame:
> dput(LatitudeFrame)
structure(list(Latitude = structure(c(90L, 88L, 87L, 86L, 85L,
84L, 83L, 82L, 81L, 80L, 79L, 77L, 76L, 75L, 74L, 73L, 72L, 71L,
70L, 69L, 68L, 66L, 65L, 64L, 63L, 62L, 61L, 60L, 59L, 58L, 57L,
55L, 54L, 53L, 52L, 51L, 50L, 49L, 48L, 47L, 46L, 44L, 43L, 42L,
41L, 40L, 39L, 38L, 37L, 36L, 35L, 33L, 32L, 31L, 30L, 29L, 28L,
27L, 26L, 25L, 24L, 22L, 21L, 20L, 19L, 18L, 17L, 16L, 15L, 14L,
13L, 11L, 10L, 9L, 8L, 7L, 6L, 5L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 89L, 78L, 67L,
56L, 45L, 34L, 23L, 12L, 1L, 91L, 92L, 103L, 114L, 125L, 136L,
147L, 158L, 169L, 180L, 93L, 94L, 95L, 96L, 97L, 98L, 99L, 100L,
101L, 102L, 104L, 105L, 106L, 107L, 108L, 109L, 110L, 111L, 112L,
113L, 115L, 116L, 117L, 118L, 119L, 120L, 121L, 122L, 123L, 124L,
126L, 127L, 128L, 129L, 130L, 131L, 132L, 133L, 134L, 135L, 137L,
138L, 139L, 140L, 141L, 142L, 143L, 144L, 145L, 146L, 148L, 149L,
150L, 151L, 152L, 153L, 154L, 155L, 156L, 157L, 159L, 160L, 161L,
162L, 163L, 164L, 165L, 166L, 167L, 168L, 170L, 171L, 172L, 173L,
174L, 175L, 176L, 177L, 178L, 179L, 181L), .Label = c("-1", "-10",
"-11", "-12", "-13", "-14", "-15", "-16", "-17", "-18", "-19",
"-2", "-20", "-21", "-22", "-23", "-24", "-25", "-26", "-27",
"-28", "-29", "-3", "-30", "-31", "-32", "-33", "-34", "-35",
"-36", "-37", "-38", "-39", "-4", "-40", "-41", "-42", "-43",
"-44", "-45", "-46", "-47", "-48", "-49", "-5", "-50", "-51",
"-52", "-53", "-54", "-55", "-56", "-57", "-58", "-59", "-6",
"-60", "-61", "-62", "-63", "-64", "-65", "-66", "-67", "-68",
"-69", "-7", "-70", "-71", "-72", "-73", "-74", "-75", "-76",
"-77", "-78", "-79", "-8", "-80", "-81", "-82", "-83", "-84",
"-85", "-86", "-87", "-88", "-89", "-9", "-90", "0", "1", "10",
"11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "2", "20",
"21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "3", "30",
"31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "4", "40",
"41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "5", "50",
"51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "6", "60",
"61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "7", "70",
"71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "8", "80",
"81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "9", "90"
), class = "factor"), LatitudeBinRep = structure(c(92L, 93L,
94L, 95L, 96L, 97L, 98L, 99L, 100L, 101L, 102L, 103L, 104L, 105L,
106L, 107L, 108L, 109L, 110L, 111L, 112L, 113L, 114L, 115L, 116L,
117L, 118L, 119L, 120L, 121L, 122L, 123L, 124L, 125L, 126L, 127L,
128L, 129L, 130L, 131L, 132L, 133L, 134L, 135L, 136L, 137L, 138L,
139L, 140L, 141L, 142L, 143L, 144L, 145L, 146L, 147L, 148L, 149L,
150L, 151L, 152L, 153L, 154L, 155L, 156L, 157L, 158L, 159L, 160L,
161L, 162L, 163L, 164L, 165L, 166L, 167L, 168L, 169L, 170L, 171L,
172L, 173L, 174L, 175L, 176L, 177L, 178L, 179L, 180L, 181L, 1L,
2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L, 14L, 15L,
16L, 17L, 18L, 19L, 20L, 21L, 22L, 23L, 24L, 25L, 26L, 27L, 28L,
29L, 30L, 31L, 32L, 33L, 34L, 35L, 36L, 37L, 38L, 39L, 40L, 41L,
42L, 43L, 44L, 45L, 46L, 47L, 48L, 49L, 50L, 51L, 52L, 53L, 54L,
55L, 56L, 57L, 58L, 59L, 60L, 61L, 62L, 63L, 64L, 65L, 66L, 67L,
68L, 69L, 70L, 71L, 72L, 73L, 74L, 75L, 76L, 77L, 78L, 79L, 80L,
81L, 82L, 83L, 84L, 85L, 86L, 87L, 88L, 89L, 90L, 91L), .Label =
c("0000000000000000000000000000000",
"0000000000000000000000000000001", "0000000000000000000000000000010",
"0000000000000000000000000000011", "0000000000000000000000000000100",
"0000000000000000000000000000101", "0000000000000000000000000000110",
"0000000000000000000000000000111", "0000000000000000000000000001000",
"0000000000000000000000000001001", "0000000000000000000000000001010",
"0000000000000000000000000001011", "0000000000000000000000000001100",
"0000000000000000000000000001101", "0000000000000000000000000001110",
"0000000000000000000000000001111", "0000000000000000000000000010000",
"0000000000000000000000000010001", "0000000000000000000000000010010",
"0000000000000000000000000010011", "0000000000000000000000000010100",
"0000000000000000000000000010101", "0000000000000000000000000010110",
"0000000000000000000000000010111", "0000000000000000000000000011000",
"0000000000000000000000000011001", "0000000000000000000000000011010",
"0000000000000000000000000011011", "0000000000000000000000000011100",
"0000000000000000000000000011101", "0000000000000000000000000011110",
"0000000000000000000000000011111", "0000000000000000000000000100000",
"0000000000000000000000000100001", "0000000000000000000000000100010",
"0000000000000000000000000100011", "0000000000000000000000000100100",
"0000000000000000000000000100101", "0000000000000000000000000100110",
"0000000000000000000000000100111", "0000000000000000000000000101000",
"0000000000000000000000000101001", "0000000000000000000000000101010",
"0000000000000000000000000101011", "0000000000000000000000000101100",
"0000000000000000000000000101101", "0000000000000000000000000101110",
"0000000000000000000000000101111", "0000000000000000000000000110000",
"0000000000000000000000000110001", "0000000000000000000000000110010",
"0000000000000000000000000110011", "0000000000000000000000000110100",
"0000000000000000000000000110101", "0000000000000000000000000110110",
"0000000000000000000000000110111", "0000000000000000000000000111000",
"0000000000000000000000000111001", "0000000000000000000000000111010",
"0000000000000000000000000111011", "0000000000000000000000000111100",
"0000000000000000000000000111101", "0000000000000000000000000111110",
"0000000000000000000000000111111", "0000000000000000000000001000000",
"0000000000000000000000001000001", "0000000000000000000000001000010",
"0000000000000000000000001000011", "0000000000000000000000001000100",
"0000000000000000000000001000101", "0000000000000000000000001000110",
"0000000000000000000000001000111", "0000000000000000000000001001000",
"0000000000000000000000001001001", "0000000000000000000000001001010",
"0000000000000000000000001001011", "0000000000000000000000001001100",
"0000000000000000000000001001101", "0000000000000000000000001001110",
"0000000000000000000000001001111", "0000000000000000000000001010000",
"0000000000000000000000001010001", "0000000000000000000000001010010",
"0000000000000000000000001010011", "0000000000000000000000001010100",
"0000000000000000000000001010101", "0000000000000000000000001010110",
"0000000000000000000000001010111", "0000000000000000000000001011000",
"0000000000000000000000001011001", "0000000000000000000000001011010",
"1111111111111111111111110100110", "1111111111111111111111110100111",
"1111111111111111111111110101000", "1111111111111111111111110101001",
"1111111111111111111111110101010", "1111111111111111111111110101011",
"1111111111111111111111110101100", "1111111111111111111111110101101",
"1111111111111111111111110101110", "1111111111111111111111110101111",
"1111111111111111111111110110000", "1111111111111111111111110110001",
"1111111111111111111111110110010", "1111111111111111111111110110011",
"1111111111111111111111110110100", "1111111111111111111111110110101",
"1111111111111111111111110110110", "1111111111111111111111110110111",
"1111111111111111111111110111000", "1111111111111111111111110111001",
"1111111111111111111111110111010", "1111111111111111111111110111011",
"1111111111111111111111110111100", "1111111111111111111111110111101",
"1111111111111111111111110111110", "1111111111111111111111110111111",
"1111111111111111111111111000000", "1111111111111111111111111000001",
"1111111111111111111111111000010", "1111111111111111111111111000011",
"1111111111111111111111111000100", "1111111111111111111111111000101",
"1111111111111111111111111000110", "1111111111111111111111111000111",
"1111111111111111111111111001000", "1111111111111111111111111001001",
"1111111111111111111111111001010", "1111111111111111111111111001011",
"1111111111111111111111111001100", "1111111111111111111111111001101",
"1111111111111111111111111001110", "1111111111111111111111111001111",
"1111111111111111111111111010000", "1111111111111111111111111010001",
"1111111111111111111111111010010", "1111111111111111111111111010011",
"1111111111111111111111111010100", "1111111111111111111111111010101",
"1111111111111111111111111010110", "1111111111111111111111111010111",
"1111111111111111111111111011000", "1111111111111111111111111011001",
"1111111111111111111111111011010", "1111111111111111111111111011011",
"1111111111111111111111111011100", "1111111111111111111111111011101",
"1111111111111111111111111011110", "1111111111111111111111111011111",
"1111111111111111111111111100000", "1111111111111111111111111100001",
"1111111111111111111111111100010", "1111111111111111111111111100011",
"1111111111111111111111111100100", "1111111111111111111111111100101",
"1111111111111111111111111100110", "1111111111111111111111111100111",
"1111111111111111111111111101000", "1111111111111111111111111101001",
"1111111111111111111111111101010", "1111111111111111111111111101011",
"1111111111111111111111111101100", "1111111111111111111111111101101",
"1111111111111111111111111101110", "1111111111111111111111111101111",
"1111111111111111111111111110000", "1111111111111111111111111110001",
"1111111111111111111111111110010", "1111111111111111111111111110011",
"1111111111111111111111111110100", "1111111111111111111111111110101",
"1111111111111111111111111110110", "1111111111111111111111111110111",
"1111111111111111111111111111000", "1111111111111111111111111111001",
"1111111111111111111111111111010", "1111111111111111111111111111011",
"1111111111111111111111111111100", "1111111111111111111111111111101",
"1111111111111111111111111111110", "1111111111111111111111111111111"
), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-181L))
LongitudeFrame:
> dput(LongitudeFrame)
structure(list(Longitude = structure(c(91L, 89L, 88L, 87L, 86L,
85L, 84L, 83L, 82L, 81L, 80L, 78L, 77L, 76L, 75L, 74L, 73L, 72L,
71L, 70L, 69L, 67L, 66L, 65L, 64L, 63L, 62L, 61L, 60L, 59L, 58L,
56L, 55L, 54L, 53L, 52L, 51L, 50L, 49L, 48L, 47L, 45L, 44L, 43L,
42L, 41L, 40L, 39L, 38L, 37L, 36L, 34L, 33L, 32L, 31L, 30L, 29L,
28L, 27L, 26L, 25L, 23L, 22L, 21L, 20L, 19L, 18L, 17L, 16L, 15L,
14L, 12L, 11L, 10L, 9L, 8L, 7L, 6L, 5L, 4L, 3L, 180L, 179L, 178L,
177L, 176L, 175L, 174L, 173L, 172L, 171L, 169L, 168L, 167L, 166L,
165L, 164L, 163L, 162L, 161L, 160L, 158L, 157L, 156L, 155L, 154L,
153L, 152L, 151L, 150L, 149L, 147L, 146L, 145L, 144L, 143L, 142L,
141L, 140L, 139L, 138L, 136L, 135L, 134L, 133L, 132L, 131L, 130L,
129L, 128L, 127L, 125L, 124L, 123L, 122L, 121L, 120L, 119L, 118L,
117L, 116L, 114L, 113L, 112L, 111L, 110L, 109L, 108L, 107L, 106L,
105L, 103L, 102L, 101L, 100L, 99L, 98L, 97L, 96L, 95L, 94L, 92L,
90L, 79L, 68L, 57L, 46L, 35L, 24L, 13L, 2L, 170L, 159L, 148L,
137L, 126L, 115L, 104L, 93L, 1L, 181L, 182L, 274L, 285L, 296L,
307L, 318L, 329L, 340L, 351L, 183L, 194L, 205L, 216L, 227L, 238L,
249L, 260L, 271L, 273L, 275L, 276L, 277L, 278L, 279L, 280L, 281L,
282L, 283L, 284L, 286L, 287L, 288L, 289L, 290L, 291L, 292L, 293L,
294L, 295L, 297L, 298L, 299L, 300L, 301L, 302L, 303L, 304L, 305L,
306L, 308L, 309L, 310L, 311L, 312L, 313L, 314L, 315L, 316L, 317L,
319L, 320L, 321L, 322L, 323L, 324L, 325L, 326L, 327L, 328L, 330L,
331L, 332L, 333L, 334L, 335L, 336L, 337L, 338L, 339L, 341L, 342L,
343L, 344L, 345L, 346L, 347L, 348L, 349L, 350L, 352L, 353L, 354L,
355L, 356L, 357L, 358L, 359L, 360L, 361L, 184L, 185L, 186L, 187L,
188L, 189L, 190L, 191L, 192L, 193L, 195L, 196L, 197L, 198L, 199L,
200L, 201L, 202L, 203L, 204L, 206L, 207L, 208L, 209L, 210L, 211L,
212L, 213L, 214L, 215L, 217L, 218L, 219L, 220L, 221L, 222L, 223L,
224L, 225L, 226L, 228L, 229L, 230L, 231L, 232L, 233L, 234L, 235L,
236L, 237L, 239L, 240L, 241L, 242L, 243L, 244L, 245L, 246L, 247L,
248L, 250L, 251L, 252L, 253L, 254L, 255L, 256L, 257L, 258L, 259L,
261L, 262L, 263L, 264L, 265L, 266L, 267L, 268L, 269L, 270L, 272L
), .Label = c("-1", "-10", "-100", "-101", "-102", "-103", "-104",
"-105", "-106", "-107", "-108", "-109", "-11", "-110", "-111",
"-112", "-113", "-114", "-115", "-116", "-117", "-118", "-119",
"-12", "-120", "-121", "-122", "-123", "-124", "-125", "-126",
"-127", "-128", "-129", "-13", "-130", "-131", "-132", "-133",
"-134", "-135", "-136", "-137", "-138", "-139", "-14", "-140",
"-141", "-142", "-143", "-144", "-145", "-146", "-147", "-148",
"-149", "-15", "-150", "-151", "-152", "-153", "-154", "-155",
"-156", "-157", "-158", "-159", "-16", "-160", "-161", "-162",
"-163", "-164", "-165", "-166", "-167", "-168", "-169", "-17",
"-170", "-171", "-172", "-173", "-174", "-175", "-176", "-177",
"-178", "-179", "-18", "-180", "-19", "-2", "-20", "-21", "-22",
"-23", "-24", "-25", "-26", "-27", "-28", "-29", "-3", "-30",
"-31", "-32", "-33", "-34", "-35", "-36", "-37", "-38", "-39",
"-4", "-40", "-41", "-42", "-43", "-44", "-45", "-46", "-47",
"-48", "-49", "-5", "-50", "-51", "-52", "-53", "-54", "-55",
"-56", "-57", "-58", "-59", "-6", "-60", "-61", "-62", "-63",
"-64", "-65", "-66", "-67", "-68", "-69", "-7", "-70", "-71",
"-72", "-73", "-74", "-75", "-76", "-77", "-78", "-79", "-8",
"-80", "-81", "-82", "-83", "-84", "-85", "-86", "-87", "-88",
"-89", "-9", "-90", "-91", "-92", "-93", "-94", "-95", "-96",
"-97", "-98", "-99", "0", "1", "10", "100", "101", "102", "103",
"104", "105", "106", "107", "108", "109", "11", "110", "111",
"112", "113", "114", "115", "116", "117", "118", "119", "12",
"120", "121", "122", "123", "124", "125", "126", "127", "128",
"129", "13", "130", "131", "132", "133", "134", "135", "136",
"137", "138", "139", "14", "140", "141", "142", "143", "144",
"145", "146", "147", "148", "149", "15", "150", "151", "152",
"153", "154", "155", "156", "157", "158", "159", "16", "160",
"161", "162", "163", "164", "165", "166", "167", "168", "169",
"17", "170", "171", "172", "173", "174", "175", "176", "177",
"178", "179", "18", "180", "19", "2", "20", "21", "22", "23",
"24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "3", "30", "31", "32", "33",
"34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "4", "40", "41", "42", "43",
"44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "5", "50", "51", "52", "53",
"54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "6", "60", "61", "62", "63",
"64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "7", "70", "71", "72", "73",
"74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "8", "80", "81", "82", "83",
"84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "9", "90", "91", "92", "93",
"94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99"), class = "factor"), LongitudeBinRep =
structure(c(182L,
183L, 184L, 185L, 186L, 187L, 188L, 189L, 190L, 191L, 192L, 193L,
194L, 195L, 196L, 197L, 198L, 199L, 200L, 201L, 202L, 203L, 204L,
205L, 206L, 207L, 208L, 209L, 210L, 211L, 212L, 213L, 214L, 215L,
216L, 217L, 218L, 219L, 220L, 221L, 222L, 223L, 224L, 225L, 226L,
227L, 228L, 229L, 230L, 231L, 232L, 233L, 234L, 235L, 236L, 237L,
238L, 239L, 240L, 241L, 242L, 243L, 244L, 245L, 246L, 247L, 248L,
249L, 250L, 251L, 252L, 253L, 254L, 255L, 256L, 257L, 258L, 259L,
260L, 261L, 262L, 263L, 264L, 265L, 266L, 267L, 268L, 269L, 270L,
271L, 272L, 273L, 274L, 275L, 276L, 277L, 278L, 279L, 280L, 281L,
282L, 283L, 284L, 285L, 286L, 287L, 288L, 289L, 290L, 291L, 292L,
293L, 294L, 295L, 296L, 297L, 298L, 299L, 300L, 301L, 302L, 303L,
304L, 305L, 306L, 307L, 308L, 309L, 310L, 311L, 312L, 313L, 314L,
315L, 316L, 317L, 318L, 319L, 320L, 321L, 322L, 323L, 324L, 325L,
326L, 327L, 328L, 329L, 330L, 331L, 332L, 333L, 334L, 335L, 336L,
337L, 338L, 339L, 340L, 341L, 342L, 343L, 344L, 345L, 346L, 347L,
348L, 349L, 350L, 351L, 352L, 353L, 354L, 355L, 356L, 357L, 358L,
359L, 360L, 361L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 11L,
12L, 13L, 14L, 15L, 16L, 17L, 18L, 19L, 20L, 21L, 22L, 23L, 24L,
25L, 26L, 27L, 28L, 29L, 30L, 31L, 32L, 33L, 34L, 35L, 36L, 37L,
38L, 39L, 40L, 41L, 42L, 43L, 44L, 45L, 46L, 47L, 48L, 49L, 50L,
51L, 52L, 53L, 54L, 55L, 56L, 57L, 58L, 59L, 60L, 61L, 62L, 63L,
64L, 65L, 66L, 67L, 68L, 69L, 70L, 71L, 72L, 73L, 74L, 75L, 76L,
77L, 78L, 79L, 80L, 81L, 82L, 83L, 84L, 85L, 86L, 87L, 88L, 89L,
90L, 91L, 92L, 93L, 94L, 95L, 96L, 97L, 98L, 99L, 100L, 101L,
102L, 103L, 104L, 105L, 106L, 107L, 108L, 109L, 110L, 111L, 112L,
113L, 114L, 115L, 116L, 117L, 118L, 119L, 120L, 121L, 122L, 123L,
124L, 125L, 126L, 127L, 128L, 129L, 130L, 131L, 132L, 133L, 134L,
135L, 136L, 137L, 138L, 139L, 140L, 141L, 142L, 143L, 144L, 145L,
146L, 147L, 148L, 149L, 150L, 151L, 152L, 153L, 154L, 155L, 156L,
157L, 158L, 159L, 160L, 161L, 162L, 163L, 164L, 165L, 166L, 167L,
168L, 169L, 170L, 171L, 172L, 173L, 174L, 175L, 176L, 177L, 178L,
179L, 180L, 181L), .Label = c("0000000000000000000000000000000",
"0000000000000000000000000000001", "0000000000000000000000000000010",
"0000000000000000000000000000011", "0000000000000000000000000000100",
"0000000000000000000000000000101", "0000000000000000000000000000110",
"0000000000000000000000000000111", "0000000000000000000000000001000",
"0000000000000000000000000001001", "0000000000000000000000000001010",
"0000000000000000000000000001011", "0000000000000000000000000001100",
"0000000000000000000000000001101", "0000000000000000000000000001110",
"0000000000000000000000000001111", "0000000000000000000000000010000",
"0000000000000000000000000010001", "0000000000000000000000000010010",
"0000000000000000000000000010011", "0000000000000000000000000010100",
"0000000000000000000000000010101", "0000000000000000000000000010110",
"0000000000000000000000000010111", "0000000000000000000000000011000",
"0000000000000000000000000011001", "0000000000000000000000000011010",
"0000000000000000000000000011011", "0000000000000000000000000011100",
"0000000000000000000000000011101", "0000000000000000000000000011110",
"0000000000000000000000000011111", "0000000000000000000000000100000",
"0000000000000000000000000100001", "0000000000000000000000000100010",
"0000000000000000000000000100011", "0000000000000000000000000100100",
"0000000000000000000000000100101", "0000000000000000000000000100110",
"0000000000000000000000000100111", "0000000000000000000000000101000",
"0000000000000000000000000101001", "0000000000000000000000000101010",
"0000000000000000000000000101011", "0000000000000000000000000101100",
"0000000000000000000000000101101", "0000000000000000000000000101110",
"0000000000000000000000000101111", "0000000000000000000000000110000",
"0000000000000000000000000110001", "0000000000000000000000000110010",
"0000000000000000000000000110011", "0000000000000000000000000110100",
"0000000000000000000000000110101", "0000000000000000000000000110110",
"0000000000000000000000000110111", "0000000000000000000000000111000",
"0000000000000000000000000111001", "0000000000000000000000000111010",
"0000000000000000000000000111011", "0000000000000000000000000111100",
"0000000000000000000000000111101", "0000000000000000000000000111110",
"0000000000000000000000000111111", "0000000000000000000000001000000",
"0000000000000000000000001000001", "0000000000000000000000001000010",
"0000000000000000000000001000011", "0000000000000000000000001000100",
"0000000000000000000000001000101", "0000000000000000000000001000110",
"0000000000000000000000001000111", "0000000000000000000000001001000",
"0000000000000000000000001001001", "0000000000000000000000001001010",
"0000000000000000000000001001011", "0000000000000000000000001001100",
"0000000000000000000000001001101", "0000000000000000000000001001110",
"0000000000000000000000001001111", "0000000000000000000000001010000",
"0000000000000000000000001010001", "0000000000000000000000001010010",
"0000000000000000000000001010011", "0000000000000000000000001010100",
"0000000000000000000000001010101", "0000000000000000000000001010110",
"0000000000000000000000001010111", "0000000000000000000000001011000",
"0000000000000000000000001011001", "0000000000000000000000001011010",
"0000000000000000000000001011011", "0000000000000000000000001011100",
"0000000000000000000000001011101", "0000000000000000000000001011110",
"0000000000000000000000001011111", "0000000000000000000000001100000",
"0000000000000000000000001100001", "0000000000000000000000001100010",
"0000000000000000000000001100011", "0000000000000000000000001100100",
"0000000000000000000000001100101", "0000000000000000000000001100110",
"0000000000000000000000001100111", "0000000000000000000000001101000",
"0000000000000000000000001101001", "0000000000000000000000001101010",
"0000000000000000000000001101011", "0000000000000000000000001101100",
"0000000000000000000000001101101", "0000000000000000000000001101110",
"0000000000000000000000001101111", "0000000000000000000000001110000",
"0000000000000000000000001110001", "0000000000000000000000001110010",
"0000000000000000000000001110011", "0000000000000000000000001110100",
"0000000000000000000000001110101", "0000000000000000000000001110110",
"0000000000000000000000001110111", "0000000000000000000000001111000",
"0000000000000000000000001111001", "0000000000000000000000001111010",
"0000000000000000000000001111011", "0000000000000000000000001111100",
"0000000000000000000000001111101", "0000000000000000000000001111110",
"0000000000000000000000001111111", "0000000000000000000000010000000",
"0000000000000000000000010000001", "0000000000000000000000010000010",
"0000000000000000000000010000011", "0000000000000000000000010000100",
"0000000000000000000000010000101", "0000000000000000000000010000110",
"0000000000000000000000010000111", "0000000000000000000000010001000",
"0000000000000000000000010001001", "0000000000000000000000010001010",
"0000000000000000000000010001011", "0000000000000000000000010001100",
"0000000000000000000000010001101", "0000000000000000000000010001110",
"0000000000000000000000010001111", "0000000000000000000000010010000",
"0000000000000000000000010010001", "0000000000000000000000010010010",
"0000000000000000000000010010011", "0000000000000000000000010010100",
"0000000000000000000000010010101", "0000000000000000000000010010110",
"0000000000000000000000010010111", "0000000000000000000000010011000",
"0000000000000000000000010011001", "0000000000000000000000010011010",
"0000000000000000000000010011011", "0000000000000000000000010011100",
"0000000000000000000000010011101", "0000000000000000000000010011110",
"0000000000000000000000010011111", "0000000000000000000000010100000",
"0000000000000000000000010100001", "0000000000000000000000010100010",
"0000000000000000000000010100011", "0000000000000000000000010100100",
"0000000000000000000000010100101", "0000000000000000000000010100110",
"0000000000000000000000010100111", "0000000000000000000000010101000",
"0000000000000000000000010101001", "0000000000000000000000010101010",
"0000000000000000000000010101011", "0000000000000000000000010101100",
"0000000000000000000000010101101", "0000000000000000000000010101110",
"0000000000000000000000010101111", "0000000000000000000000010110000",
"0000000000000000000000010110001", "0000000000000000000000010110010",
"0000000000000000000000010110011", "0000000000000000000000010110100",
"1111111111111111111111101001100", "1111111111111111111111101001101",
"1111111111111111111111101001110", "1111111111111111111111101001111",
"1111111111111111111111101010000", "1111111111111111111111101010001",
"1111111111111111111111101010010", "1111111111111111111111101010011",
"1111111111111111111111101010100", "1111111111111111111111101010101",
"1111111111111111111111101010110", "1111111111111111111111101010111",
"1111111111111111111111101011000", "1111111111111111111111101011001",
"1111111111111111111111101011010", "1111111111111111111111101011011",
"1111111111111111111111101011100", "1111111111111111111111101011101",
"1111111111111111111111101011110", "1111111111111111111111101011111",
"1111111111111111111111101100000", "1111111111111111111111101100001",
"1111111111111111111111101100010", "1111111111111111111111101100011",
"1111111111111111111111101100100", "1111111111111111111111101100101",
"1111111111111111111111101100110", "1111111111111111111111101100111",
"1111111111111111111111101101000", "1111111111111111111111101101001",
"1111111111111111111111101101010", "1111111111111111111111101101011",
"1111111111111111111111101101100", "1111111111111111111111101101101",
"1111111111111111111111101101110", "1111111111111111111111101101111",
"1111111111111111111111101110000", "1111111111111111111111101110001",
"1111111111111111111111101110010", "1111111111111111111111101110011",
"1111111111111111111111101110100", "1111111111111111111111101110101",
"1111111111111111111111101110110", "1111111111111111111111101110111",
"1111111111111111111111101111000", "1111111111111111111111101111001",
"1111111111111111111111101111010", "1111111111111111111111101111011",
"1111111111111111111111101111100", "1111111111111111111111101111101",
"1111111111111111111111101111110", "1111111111111111111111101111111",
"1111111111111111111111110000000", "1111111111111111111111110000001",
"1111111111111111111111110000010", "1111111111111111111111110000011",
"1111111111111111111111110000100", "1111111111111111111111110000101",
"1111111111111111111111110000110", "1111111111111111111111110000111",
"1111111111111111111111110001000", "1111111111111111111111110001001",
"1111111111111111111111110001010", "1111111111111111111111110001011",
"1111111111111111111111110001100", "1111111111111111111111110001101",
"1111111111111111111111110001110", "1111111111111111111111110001111",
"1111111111111111111111110010000", "1111111111111111111111110010001",
"1111111111111111111111110010010", "1111111111111111111111110010011",
"1111111111111111111111110010100", "1111111111111111111111110010101",
"1111111111111111111111110010110", "1111111111111111111111110010111",
"1111111111111111111111110011000", "1111111111111111111111110011001",
"1111111111111111111111110011010", "1111111111111111111111110011011",
"1111111111111111111111110011100", "1111111111111111111111110011101",
"1111111111111111111111110011110", "1111111111111111111111110011111",
"1111111111111111111111110100000", "1111111111111111111111110100001",
"1111111111111111111111110100010", "1111111111111111111111110100011",
"1111111111111111111111110100100", "1111111111111111111111110100101",
"1111111111111111111111110100110", "1111111111111111111111110100111",
"1111111111111111111111110101000", "1111111111111111111111110101001",
"1111111111111111111111110101010", "1111111111111111111111110101011",
"1111111111111111111111110101100", "1111111111111111111111110101101",
"1111111111111111111111110101110", "1111111111111111111111110101111",
"1111111111111111111111110110000", "1111111111111111111111110110001",
"1111111111111111111111110110010", "1111111111111111111111110110011",
"1111111111111111111111110110100", "1111111111111111111111110110101",
"1111111111111111111111110110110", "1111111111111111111111110110111",
"1111111111111111111111110111000", "1111111111111111111111110111001",
"1111111111111111111111110111010", "1111111111111111111111110111011",
"1111111111111111111111110111100", "1111111111111111111111110111101",
"1111111111111111111111110111110", "1111111111111111111111110111111",
"1111111111111111111111111000000", "1111111111111111111111111000001",
"1111111111111111111111111000010", "1111111111111111111111111000011",
"1111111111111111111111111000100", "1111111111111111111111111000101",
"1111111111111111111111111000110", "1111111111111111111111111000111",
"1111111111111111111111111001000", "1111111111111111111111111001001",
"1111111111111111111111111001010", "1111111111111111111111111001011",
"1111111111111111111111111001100", "1111111111111111111111111001101",
"1111111111111111111111111001110", "1111111111111111111111111001111",
"1111111111111111111111111010000", "1111111111111111111111111010001",
"1111111111111111111111111010010", "1111111111111111111111111010011",
"1111111111111111111111111010100", "1111111111111111111111111010101",
"1111111111111111111111111010110", "1111111111111111111111111010111",
"1111111111111111111111111011000", "1111111111111111111111111011001",
"1111111111111111111111111011010", "1111111111111111111111111011011",
"1111111111111111111111111011100", "1111111111111111111111111011101",
"1111111111111111111111111011110", "1111111111111111111111111011111",
"1111111111111111111111111100000", "1111111111111111111111111100001",
"1111111111111111111111111100010", "1111111111111111111111111100011",
"1111111111111111111111111100100", "1111111111111111111111111100101",
"1111111111111111111111111100110", "1111111111111111111111111100111",
"1111111111111111111111111101000", "1111111111111111111111111101001",
"1111111111111111111111111101010", "1111111111111111111111111101011",
"1111111111111111111111111101100", "1111111111111111111111111101101",
"1111111111111111111111111101110", "1111111111111111111111111101111",
"1111111111111111111111111110000", "1111111111111111111111111110001",
"1111111111111111111111111110010", "1111111111111111111111111110011",
"1111111111111111111111111110100", "1111111111111111111111111110101",
"1111111111111111111111111110110", "1111111111111111111111111110111",
"1111111111111111111111111111000", "1111111111111111111111111111001",
"1111111111111111111111111111010", "1111111111111111111111111111011",
"1111111111111111111111111111100", "1111111111111111111111111111101",
"1111111111111111111111111111110", "1111111111111111111111111111111"
), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-361L))
AISMessageFrame (Raw Messages as they come from the AIS device):
> dput(AISMessageFrame)
structure(list(MessgeCode = structure(c(17L, 6L, 93L, 92L, 81L,
24L, 4L, 44L, 21L, 43L, 66L, 64L, 94L, 46L, 26L, 82L, 12L, 9L,
67L, 63L, 65L, 39L, 48L, 38L, 79L, 83L, 37L, 73L, 23L, 68L, 59L,
NA, 5L, 30L, 62L, 84L, 60L, 22L, 52L, 61L, 50L, 70L, 96L, 85L,
33L, 51L, 8L, 16L, 19L, 71L, 76L, 86L, 34L, 25L, 14L, 53L, 10L,
29L, 2L, 77L, 57L, 87L, 72L, 54L, 55L, 36L, 1L, 13L, NA, 78L,
58L, 15L, 89L, 35L, 20L, 3L, 49L, 56L, 90L, 40L, 45L, 41L, 42L,
74L, 95L, 32L, 91L, 27L, 69L, 76L, 18L, 31L, 11L, 80L, 75L, 7L,
72L, 88L, 28L, 47L), .Label = c("1:u0KOh001rCq5P529qqubqh2@3n",
"100000?P00JCkt:583J=r?v:283Q", "10007NgP00rCQGV5:Pa=?gv>2<1H",
"1000Fo@P01rCuG<56bnkN?v004`0", "1018lEWP?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0W3h",
"1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JH02PRp", "1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JHD2d4O",
"137g`F8007rCaIj59Tc5Dl@800SN", "139NL4000LrCc8j59FEED4@000S<",
"13M@Hk00jSJD@RD4s=qG1mT80@3J", "13P;K8@001rCfgr58=f;QbFD2D4G",
"13P;K8@Oh1rCfgp58=ec1bD22<4J", "13P>4mhw1CrCi5H57aK5WlN>0<4F",
"14aMBf000wrCKKN5:sdU0Sv<083C", "14S8@n001LrD?bH53iGe1rN>0@49",
"15?7P`0P00rD1S453KSlj?v824`0", "15?f5H?P00rCQat5:Oah0?wn2@S6",
"15?lSL?P00JCQWD5:OpP0?vB24`0", "15?mqH?P00rCek458rkEN?v:00S4",
"15@EA<0P01JCo8l53=BFgwv@0D47", "15@eD@8000rC`bl59kW`mFn004`0",
"15>nNj0000rCT<@5::qUpkt604`0", "15>uP00P00rC`U:59im;H?v22@1D",
"15A@av3P00rClHn53<I8M?v02<2B", "15AIw`0P0GrCcO859DO5Ogv:0T`0",
"15Aq00?P00rC`a`59mFeogv004`0", "15ATk20000rCnrv53N6;gPr>085R",
"15B3Sj0000rC9RD5=mOh40jB20SU", "15BI>P0001rCgUD58DRalRj:00S5",
"15BkV00P00rCQBf5:Q5JQOv42D1o", "15BW=20P00JCrvH54t=an?vB00Sg",
"15D8Gj0P00rCThP5:6T=2Ov>0@5H", "15De7F?P00JCr5r5517v4?v80h2P",
"15E:BR0P00rCgaT58DdJUwv82H34", "15E:N@0000rCgOd57p45bW><0<2H",
"15E=m60000rC`W459k28Wnd:083h", "15E=q08P00JCrnR52cb>4?v200Sw",
"15PoOh0001rCgbt58CwUaBD004`0", "15PvE@0002rCi7R57pokCT:424`0",
"15Q69@8000rCiDr57n`bp@tB2<4R", "15QCl@?P?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0@5:",
"15QDCP0P?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0D1G", "15QIK`0P00rC`Sb59jFUUgv02<1g",
"15QK900001JCq=d54l?5J0op0l4e", "15QtF00000rCafD59P?VJ9p<0H52",
"15TGcJ0002rD<>p55FgmI@Ul0H0S", "15TgVb0000rCgVb57oFc;ARF2@67",
"15TgVb0000rCgVd57oFc31R42L46", "15TILd?P00JCm4l53`D>4?v>0L1m",
"15U?B00000rCgb>58DFJfRl620RT", "15U@cn0000rCgU>57oPLGiT:2D4D",
"15UHOn9P00rCQ`D5:OcTkgv80<4:", "1819?@H001rC9TB5=bppM9<82D0T",
"18K1kH000FrCSMt5:@;m>l8>0<4J", "19NSFKh000JCTeH5:7g1LT8:0`3g",
"19NSG<h003rCi@:57pmUkAB<0<1v", "1gu00CLLwfh2@Asw9@1<", "1gu103LLwfl1@Asw9P1<",
"3", "34`odN1000rD1V2537=dfPJ60000", "35A=Rh1001rD;s454vSTuP`40000",
"35QN<D1000rCr5l53esbgPR20000", "39NS@m11@1rCrb:53:E<v0j3R000",
"403Iu6Qv4PU00rCk0d57rwW00<2g", "403Iu6Qv4PU01rCk0d57rwW00<2g",
"403Iupiv4PU00rC9065>=fW00H0I", "403Iupiv4PU00rC9065>=fW00H0j",
"54aMBf02:9M`?IDOH018DL4j085T000000000016>`Q8>4Oc0?@lRDm3hPC0",
"55AP::02@VAlQ3G;7:1<lUB0MD4@DhuE0F22220l0`G465k90<PlRDm3hPC8",
"55B7iD42CSGC<H`WF20L5>1=@5:222222222221@G@W9K4Oi0D@PC0ShK40C",
"55R4:002?H<`Q3S7GR1<lUB0@4pF22222222220l000004p60;0E7kBE8888",
"7933.8835099999997", "7933.8836099999999",
"803Iu6PF15REPH3@Dh000000000002c88I2P0002IrbQ0@40TW`800000000",
"85E:BR0F0P0000000000032jS2P000000DE7P3A00h0", "88888888880",
"A03IupkAC4:dH0N90C9p0goOwj<Cw`P05A7vnh081wqU05DFwAKw<0?va@1>",
"A03IupkAC4:dH0N90D=p0goP02<Cw``05A7vnwt81wqVwUDFwAOt<0?vah1>",
"A03IupkAC4:dH0v90>@P1cF6nud@NrP5wH5T",
"A03IupkAC4:dH0v90FtP1cF6nud@NrP5wH5T",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPEQAslh03wuUwP06", "B;s@N9h00>TtPF1Asll03wP5wP06",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPF1Asll03wPUwP06", "B;s@N9h00>TtPF1Aslp03wQ5wP06",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAslt03wQUwP06", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAslt03wR5wP06",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAsm003wRUwP06", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAsm803wU5wP06",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm403wSUwP06", "B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm403wT5wP06",
"B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm803wTUwP06", "D03Iu6QGLN01MdN01StN000",
"D03Iuph1TNfp4dv9J<`N000",
"H5?AU:4U653hhhi8@lkihP000000",
"HGp0772K07N4d1;0Pf71r0aj19RVmR19RVuR19RW5R19RW;t91Cjp31000C4",
"PC@H8888880"), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-100L))
Each one of those weird codes given in the AISMessageFrame correspond to an
AIS message, there is a lot of information provided here, but I am only
concerned with the Latitude and Longitude values (degrees with minutes). In
order to accomplish this, each one of those wierd codes need to be
converted to binary strings, once converted to binary strings. As I
mentioned before, the information regarding latitude and longitude can be
extracted from the following positions (again, after converting code to
binary strings):
Latitude = positions 90 to 116 inclusive (assuming you count the bits from
left to right, with the first one having position number 1)
Longitude = positions 62 to 89 inclusive (assuming you count the bits from
left to right withe the first one having position number 1)
In the sample code I provided in previous emails, I used the following to
obtain the Latitude and Longitude:
library(stringi)
library(dplyr)
library(R.utils)
library(RANN)
library(NISTunits)
library(pracma)
library(celestial)
library(stringr)
#here I show the sample to decode a single record, though that needs to be
done for all AIS messages, so obviously a loop will be needed for that:
ascii_datformat <- utf8ToInt(dataset1[1,6]) #turning the first AIS message
as it comes to ascii number
Base <- ascii_datformat - 48 #transformation from ascii to decimal
decy <- ifelse(Base > 40, Base-8, Base) #transformation from ascii to
decimal continued
biny <- intToBin(decy) #transformation from decimal to binary
representation
binyframe <- data.frame(biny)
tbinyframe <- paste(t(binyframe[,1]), collapse="") #simply transposing the
results
tbinyframe will give you something like this (for each row having an AIS
message)
> tbinyframe
[1]
"000001000101001111101110000101011000001111100000000000000000111010010011100001101001111100000101001010011111101001110000000000001111111111110110000010010000100011000110"
Latitude <- substr(tbinyframe, 90, 116)
Longitude <- substr(tbinyframe, 62, 89)
What I need is to decode thos latitude and longitude values , to get
results in a -90 to +90 range for latitude, and in the -180 to +180 range
for longitude.
Hopefully I´ve made myself sufficiently clear this time and/or hopefully I
understood your point correctly and provided you what you need.
Again, thank you so much for your time and valuable support brother!
Best regards,
Paul
El vie., 24 ene. 2020 a las 14:09, Richard M. Heiberger (<r...@temple.edu>)
escribió:
> now I am even more puzzled.
>
> please complete the following two data.frames and send it to the list.
>
> latDegrees lat2Comp
> -90 xxxxxxxx
> -89 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> -1 xxxxxxxx
> 0 xxxxxxxx
> 1 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> 89 xxxxxxxx
> 90 xxxxxxxx
>
> lonDegrees lon2Comp
> -180 xxxxxxxx
> -179 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> -91 xxxxxxxx
> -90 xxxxxxxx
> -89 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> -1 xxxxxxxx
> 0 xxxxxxxx
> 1 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> 89 xxxxxxxx
> 90 xxxxxxxx
> 91 xxxxxxxx
> ...
> 179 xxxxxxxx
> 180 xxxxxxxx
>
> Your 8 bit 2C example has 7 digits of precision plus sign which gives
> a range of (-127,127). That suffices for latitude (-90,90).
> For longitude you will need 9 bits of twos complement for 8 bits of
> precision plus sign to cover (-255,255), thus more than enough for
> (-180,180).
> This assumes that precision to the degree is sufficient. If you need
> precision to minutes and seconds, or to meters, then you
> will need even more bits in 2C.
>
> Since it looks like you need a different number of bits for each
> variable, I am asking for two data.frames.
>
> Rich
>
> On Fri, Jan 24, 2020 at 1:46 PM Paul Bernal <paulberna...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Richard,
> >
> > That was just an example, to show that, for that particular string of
> binary numbers, the code works as expected. That is absolutely no related
> to the dataset I provided. If I try the function on the dataset, I get
> values well over the latitude and longitude boundaries (which should range
> from -90 to + 90, and -180 to +180).
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Paul
> >
> > El vie., 24 ene. 2020 a las 12:23, Richard M. Heiberger (<r...@temple.edu>)
> escribió:
> >>
> >> You show the example
> >>
> >> > fun("10110010")
> >> [1] -78
> >>
> >> as satisfactory. Where in your posted data set do you find the input
> >> string "10110010"?
> >>
> >> Please post a set of relevant input strings, and the answers you want
> from them.
> >> The rest of the columns are not helpful for this specific exercise.
> >>
> >> On Fri, Jan 24, 2020 at 11:34 AM Paul Bernal <paulberna...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >> >
> >> > Dear friend Rui,
> >> >
> >> > Hope you are doing great. Firstly, I want to thank you for your super
> >> > valuable and kind support of always. As I mentioned in earlier
> e-mails, I
> >> > am trying to decode AIS type messages, and the only ones I am having
> a real
> >> > hard time with, is with latitude and longitude.
> >> >
> >> > I tried the function you provided me in one of your replies, and it
> works
> >> > well with the examples you provided, but in other cases it doesn´t.
> >> >
> >> > The messages I am trying to decode are in the 6th column of the data.
> I
> >> > will provide you with a small sample first, and then the complete
> dataset
> >> > (which has 100 rows). This is the small sample:
> >> >
> >> > > head(dat)
> >> > ...1 ...2 ...3 ...4 ...5 ...6 ...7
> ...8
> >> > ...9 ...10 ...11 ...12 ...13
> >> > 1 !AIVDM 1 1 NA A 15?f5H?P00rCQat5:Oah0?wn2@S6 0*54
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> > 2 !AIVDM 1 1 NA A 1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JH02PRp 0*39
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> > 3 !AIVDM 1 1 NA A D03Iuph1TNfp4dv9J<`N000 2*0D
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> > 4 !AIVDM 1 1 NA A D03Iu6QGLN01MdN01StN000 2*43
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> > 5 !AIVDO 1 1 NA <NA> B;s@N9h00>TtPEQAslh03wuUwP06 0*29
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> > 6 !AIVDM 1 1 NA A 15A@av3P00rClHn53<I8M?v02<2B 0*2D
> 1485907200
> >> > <NA> NA NA NA <NA>
> >> >
> >> > It is worth mentioning that each row of the 6th column provides
> several
> >> > information about maritime vessels, like speed over ground, latitude,
> >> > longitude, vessel ID, etc. I am only concerned with latitude and
> longitude
> >> > since those are the only two fields I have not been able to decode
> >> > successfully. Also, I am working on R version 3.6.2 for windows
> 64-bit OS.
> >> >
> >> > The messages to decode are of the following format:
> >> > 15?f5H?P00rCQat5:Oah0?wn2@S6, 1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JH02PRp, etc.
> >> >
> >> > Now, here is the complete dataset:
> >> >
> >> > > dput(dat)
> >> > structure(list(...1 = c("!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "$GPRMC", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "$GPGBS",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "$GPRMC", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "$GPGBS", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM",
> >> > "!AIVDM", "$GPRMC", "!AIVDO", "!AIVDM", "!AIVDM"), ...2 = c(1,
> >> > 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
> >> > 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 50002, 1, 2, 2, 50002, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
> >> > 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2,
> >> > 1, 50006, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 50006, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
> >> > 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 50010, 1,
> >> > 1, 1), ...3 = c("1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "A", "1", "1", "2", "1.3", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "2", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "1", "1", "2", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "2", "1", "A", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1.3999999999999999",
> >> > "1", "2", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "1", "2", "1", "1", "1", "1", "2", "1", "1", "1", "1", "1",
> >> > "1", "A", "1", "1", "1"), ...4 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, 856.96783, NA, 7, 7, 1.5, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, 8, 8, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 9, 9, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 0, 0, NA, 856.96805, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > 1.5, 1, 1, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 2,
> >> > 2, NA, NA, NA, 3, 3, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 856.96827, NA, NA,
> >> > NA), ...5 = c("A", "A", "A", "A", NA, "A", "A", "B", "B", "A",
> >> > "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", NA, "B", "A", "B", "A", "B", "B", "A",
> >> > "B", "A", NA, "B", "N", "B", "A", "A", "3.2000000000000002",
> >> > "B", "A", "A", NA, "A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "A", "A", NA, "B",
> >> > "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", NA, "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B",
> >> > "B", "A", "A", NA, "N", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "3.2999999999999998",
> >> > "B", "B", "B", NA, "B", "B", "A", "B", "B", NA, "B", "B", "A",
> >> > "A", "B", "B", "A", NA, "B", "B", "B", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A",
> >> > "B", "N", NA, "B", "B"), ...6 = c("15?f5H?P00rCQat5:Oah0?wn2@S6",
> >> > "1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JH02PRp", "D03Iuph1TNfp4dv9J<`N000",
> >> > "D03Iu6QGLN01MdN01StN000",
> >> > "B;s@N9h00>TtPEQAslh03wuUwP06", "15A@av3P00rClHn53<I8M?v02<2B",
> >> > "1000Fo@P01rCuG<56bnkN?v004`0", "15QK900001JCq=d54l?5J0op0l4e",
> >> > "15@eD@8000rC`bl59kW`mFn004`0", "15QIK`0P00rC`Sb59jFUUgv02<1g",
> >> > "403Iupiv4PU00rC9065>=fW00H0I", "403Iu6Qv4PU00rCk0d57rwW00<2g",
> >> > "H5?AU:4U653hhhi8@lkihP000000", "15TGcJ0002rD<>p55FgmI@Ul0H0S",
> >> > "15Aq00?P00rC`a`59mFeogv004`0", "B;s@N9h00>TtPF1Asll03wP5wP06",
> >> > "13P;K8@Oh1rCfgp58=ec1bD22<4J", "139NL4000LrCc8j59FEED4@000S<",
> >> > "403Iupiv4PU00rC9065>=fW00H0j", "39NS@m11@1rCrb:53:E<v0j3R000",
> >> > "403Iu6Qv4PU01rCk0d57rwW00<2g", "15PvE@0002rCi7R57pokCT:424`0",
> >> > "15TgVb0000rCgVd57oFc31R42L46", "15PoOh0001rCgbt58CwUaBD004`0",
> >> > "A03IupkAC4:dH0v90>@P1cF6nud@NrP5wH5T", "B;s@N9h00
> >TtPF1Asll03wPUwP06",
> >> > "15E=q08P00JCrnR52cb>4?v200Sw", "7933.8836099999999",
> >> > "15>uP00P00rC`U:59im;H?v22@1D",
> >> > "54aMBf02:9M`?IDOH018DL4j085T000000000016>`Q8>4Oc0?@lRDm3hPC0",
> >> > "3", NA, "1018lEWP?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0W3h",
> "15BkV00P00rCQBf5:Q5JQOv42D1o",
> >> > "35QN<D1000rCr5l53esbgPR20000", "B;s@N9h00>TtPF1Aslp03wQ5wP06",
> >> > "34`odN1000rD1V2537=dfPJ60000", "15>nNj0000rCT<@5::qUpkt604`0",
> >> > "15UHOn9P00rCQ`D5:OcTkgv80<4:", "35A=Rh1001rD;s454vSTuP`40000",
> >> > "15U?B00000rCgb>58DFJfRl620RT",
> "55B7iD42CSGC<H`WF20L5>1=@5:222222222221@G
> >> > @W9K4Oi0D@PC0ShK40C",
> >> > "PC@H8888880", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAslt03wQUwP06",
> >> > "15De7F?P00JCr5r5517v4?v80h2P",
> >> > "15U@cn0000rCgU>57oPLGiT:2D4D", "137g`F8007rCaIj59Tc5Dl@800SN",
> >> > "15?7P`0P00rD1S453KSlj?v824`0", "15?mqH?P00rCek458rkEN?v:00S4",
> >> > "55R4:002?H<`Q3S7GR1<lUB0@4pF22222222220l000004p60;0E7kBE8888",
> >> > "88888888880", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAslt03wR5wP06",
> >> > "15E:BR0P00rCgaT58DdJUwv82H34",
> >> > "15AIw`0P0GrCcO859DO5Ogv:0T`0", "14aMBf000wrCKKN5:sdU0Sv<083C",
> >> > "1819?@H001rC9TB5=bppM9<82D0T", "13M@Hk00jSJD@RD4s=qG1mT80@3J",
> >> > "15BI>P0001rCgUD58DRalRj:00S5", "100000?P00JCkt:583J=r?v:283Q",
> >> > "A03IupkAC4:dH0N90C9p0goOwj<Cw`P05A7vnh081wqU05DFwAKw<0?va@1>",
> >> > "1gu00CLLwfh2@Asw9@1<", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAsm003wRUwP06",
> >> > "7933.8835099999997",
> >> > "18K1kH000FrCSMt5:@;m>l8>0<4J", "19NSFKh000JCTeH5:7g1LT8:0`3g",
> >> > "15E=m60000rC`W459k28Wnd:083h", "1:u0KOh001rCq5P529qqubqh2@3n",
> >> > "13P>4mhw1CrCi5H57aK5WlN>0<4F", NA,
> >> > "A03IupkAC4:dH0N90D=p0goP02<Cw``05A7vnwt81wqVwUDFwAOt<0?vah1>",
> >> > "1gu103LLwfl1@Asw9P1<", "14S8@n001LrD?bH53iGe1rN>0@49",
> >> > "B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm403wSUwP06",
> >> >
> >> > "15E:N@0000rCgOd57p45bW><0<2H", "15@EA<0P01JCo8l53=BFgwv@0D47",
> >> > "10007NgP00rCQGV5:Pa=?gv>2<1H", "15TILd?P00JCm4l53`D>4?v>0L1m",
> >> > "19NSG<h003rCi@:57pmUkAB<0<1v", "B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm403wT5wP06",
> >> > "15Q69@8000rCiDr57n`bp@tB2<4R", "15QtF00000rCafD59P?VJ9p<0H52",
> >> > "15QCl@?P?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0@5:", "15QDCP0P?w<tSF0l4Q@>4?wp0D1G",
> >> > "803Iu6PF15REPH3@Dh000000000002c88I2P0002IrbQ0@40TW`800000000",
> >> > "HGp0772K07N4d1;0Pf71r0aj19RVmR19RVuR19RW5R19RW;t91Cjp31000C4",
> >> > "15D8Gj0P00rCThP5:6T=2Ov>0@5H", "B;s@N9h00>TtPG1Asm803wTUwP06",
> >> > "15ATk20000rCnrv53N6;gPr>085R",
> >> > "55AP::02@VAlQ3G;7:1<lUB0MD4@DhuE0F22220l0`G465k90<PlRDm3hPC8",
> >> >
> >> > "88888888880", "15?lSL?P00JCQWD5:OpP0?vB24`0",
> >> > "15BW=20P00JCrvH54t=an?vB00Sg",
> >> > "13P;K8@001rCfgr58=f;QbFD2D4G", "A03IupkAC4:dH0v90FtP1cF6nud@NrP5wH5T
> ",
> >> > "85E:BR0F0P0000000000032jS2P000000DE7P3A00h0",
> "1349B:3000rCtrn553aR@JHD2d4O",
> >> >
> >> > "7933.8835099999997", "B;s@N9h00>TtPFQAsm803wU5wP06",
> >> > "15B3Sj0000rC9RD5=mOh40jB20SU",
> >> > "15TgVb0000rCgVb57oFc;ARF2@67"), ...7 = c("0*54", "0*39", "2*0D",
> >> > "2*43", "0*29", "0*2D", "0*27", "0*1D", "0*26", "0*48", "0*4B",
> >> > "0*3A", "0*34", "0*3A", "0*76", "0*0B", "0*4A", "0*72", "0*6B",
> >> > "0*4E", "0*38", "0*04", "0*11", "0*17", "0*18", "0*6B", "0*64",
> >> > "W", "0*53", "0*32", "2*20", NA, "0*61", "0*1C", "0*79", "0*16",
> >> > "0*44", "0*53", "0*04", "0*2D", "0*1C", "0*07", "2*37", "0*12",
> >> > "0*2D", "0*30", "0*6D", "0*25", "0*26", "0*75", "2*2D", "0*71",
> >> > "0*38", "0*6D", "0*0F", "0*34", "0*1D", "0*70", "0*47", "0*70",
> >> > "0*4C", "0*54", "W", "0*64", "0*66", "0*69", "0*0C", "0*70",
> >> > NA, "0*11", "0*28", "0*38", "0*30", "0*1F", "0*64", "0*7C", "0*38",
> >> > "0*67", "0*57", "0*59", "0*75", "0*52", "0*18", "0*08", "0*5F",
> >> > "0*26", "0*3B", "0*67", "0*6A", "2*24", "0*47", "0*65", "0*56",
> >> > "0*54", "2*76", "0*23", "W", "0*3B", "0*1D", "0*11"), ...8 =
> c(1485907200,
> >> > 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200,
> 1485907200,
> >> > 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200, 1485907200,
> 1485907200,
> >> > 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201,
> 1485907201,
> >> > 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201,
> 1485907201,
> >> > 1485907201, 1485907201, 0.008, 1485907201, 1485907201, 1485907201,
> >> > NA, 1485907203, 1485907203, 1485907203, 1485907203, 1485907203,
> >> > 1485907203, 1485907203, 1485907204, 1485907204, 1485907204,
> 1485907204,
> >> > 1485907204, 1485907204, 1485907204, 1485907204, 1485907204,
> 1485907204,
> >> > 1485907204, 1485907205, 1485907205, 1485907205, 1485907205,
> 1485907205,
> >> > 1485907205, 1485907205, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206,
> 1485907206,
> >> > 1485907206, 0.01, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206,
> >> > 1485907206, NA, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206,
> >> > 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907206, 1485907208, 1485907208,
> 1485907208,
> >> > 1485907208, 1485907208, 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209,
> 1485907209,
> >> > 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209,
> 1485907209,
> >> > 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209, 0.005,
> >> > 1485907209, 1485907209, 1485907209), ...9 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "*41", NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, "*43", NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA), ...10 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > 10217, NA, NA, NA, 1485907201, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10217, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 1485907206,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10217, NA, NA, NA
> >> > ), ...11 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), ...12 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA),
> >> > ...13 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > "D*6F", NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "D*60", NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "D*63", NA, NA,
> >> > NA), ...14 = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, 1485907201, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 1485907206, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> >> > NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
> 1485907209,
> >> > NA, NA, NA)), row.names = c(NA, -100L), class = "data.frame")
> >> >
> >> > To tested your function I took the first message, which is located in
> the
> >> > 6th column and the 1st row, and did the following:
> >> >
> >> > library(stringi)
> >> > library(dplyr)
> >> > library(R.utils)
> >> > library(RANN)
> >> > library(NISTunits)
> >> > library(pracma)
> >> > library(celestial)
> >> > library(stringr)
> >> >
> >> > dat <- readXL("U:/RawSampleData.xls", rownames=FALSE, header=FALSE,
> na="",
> >> > + sheet="RawSampleData", stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> >> >
> >> > testmessage1 <- dat[1,6]
> >> >
> >> > ascii_datformat <- utf8ToInt(testmessage1)
> >> >
> >> > Base <- ascii_datformat - 48
> >> >
> >> > decy <- ifelse(Base > 40, Base - 8, Base)
> >> >
> >> > biny <- intToBin(decy)
> >> >
> >> > binyframe <- data.frame(biny)
> >> >
> >> > tbinyframe <- paste(t(binyframe[,1]), collapse="") #at this point, I
> have
> >> > the complete first message, all in binary format
> >> >
> >> > #according to the literature of AIS message decoding, longitude goes
> from
> >> > position 62 to position 89
> >> > #and latitude goes from position 90 to position 116
> >> >
> >> > longitude <- substr(tbinyframe, 62, 89)
> >> > latitude <- substr(tbinyframe, 90, 116)
> >> >
> >> > #now I apply the function you provided me with:
> >> >
> >> > fun <- function(x){
> >> > res <- sapply(x, function(y){
> >> > if(nchar(y) %% 8 != 0 || substr(y, 1, 1) == "0"){
> >> > strtoi(y, base = 2)
> >> > }else{
> >> > y <- unlist(strsplit(y, ""))
> >> > -sum((y != "1")*2^((length(y) - 1):0)) - 1
> >> > }
> >> > })
> >> > unname(res)
> >> > }
> >> >
> >> > > fun(longitude)
> >> > [1] 220663102
> >> > >
> >> > > fun(latitude)
> >> > [1] 5414823
> >> > >
> >> > > fun("1101001001110000110100111110")
> >> > [1] 220663102
> >> > >
> >> > > fun("000010100101001111110100111")
> >> > [1] 5414823
> >> > >
> >> > > fun("10110010")
> >> > [1] -78
> >> >
> >> > as you can see, the function only worked or showed expected result on
> the
> >> > last case with a -78, but in the other cases, it the results were not
> as
> >> > expected, maybe I am missing something here?
> >> >
> >> > Any help and/or guidance will be greatly appreciated,
> >> >
> >> > Best regards,
> >> >
> >> > Paul
> >> >
> >> > El lun., 20 ene. 2020 a las 10:28, Rui Barradas (<
> ruipbarra...@sapo.pt>)
> >> > escribió:
> >> >
> >> > > Hello,
> >> > >
> >> > > The function I included converts signed binary numbers into their
> >> > > decimal representation. They are negative if a) they are multiples
> of 8
> >> > > bits and b) the most significant bit is a "1". If not just convert
> to
> >> > > integer.
> >> > >
> >> > > As for a) above, I assume that you will have 8 bit numbers. And the
> >> > > conversion is done as follows:
> >> > >
> >> > > input: 10110010
> >> > >
> >> > > splitting, to make it more clear:
> >> > >
> >> > > 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 - input
> >> > > 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 - reversed
> >> > > 1 - add 1 to the number with reversed bits
> >> > > 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 - result is the two's complement
> >> > >
> >> > > c(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0) %*% 2^(7:0) is 78
> >> > >
> >> > > But the msb is "1" so it's -78
> >> > >
> >> > >
> >> > > This is what the function does, but instead of %*% it uses
> >> > >
> >> > > sum(two's compl * powers of two)
> >> > >
> >> > >
> >> > > Hope this helps,
> >> > >
> >> > > Rui Barradas
> >> > >
> >> > > The input must be a character string or character vector.
> >> > >
> >> > > Às 14:36 de 20/01/20, Paul Bernal escreveu:
> >> > > > Dear friend Rui,
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Hope you are doing great, thanks for your kind feedback. The
> challenge I
> >> > > > currently have at hand is to decode AIS messages and obtain
> latitude and
> >> > > > longitude values from those.
> >> > > >
> >> > > > So basically, I want to accomplish something like in the example
> below.
> >> > > > I want to convert this binary number (10110010) into the two´s
> >> > > > complement representation, there is the logic they are using for
> that.
> >> > > > Since longitude ranges from
> >> > > >
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Example of conversion to decimal of a signed binary number
> in
> >> > > > two's complement representation
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Let's convert to decimal the following signed binary number:
> 10110010
> >> > > >
> >> > > > 10110010 = -1×27 + 0×26 + 1×25 + 1×24 + 0×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
> = -128
> >> > > > + 32 + 16 + 2 = -78.
> >> > > >
> >> > > > El lun., 20 ene. 2020 a las 7:22, Rui Barradas (<
> ruipbarra...@sapo.pt
> >> > > > <mailto:ruipbarra...@sapo.pt>>) escribió:
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Sorry, missunderstood the problem.
> >> > > > Here it goes:
> >> > > >
> >> > > > fun <- function(x){
> >> > > > res <- sapply(x, function(y){
> >> > > > if(nchar(y) %% 8 != 0 || substr(y, 1, 1) == "0"){
> >> > > > strtoi(y, base = 2)
> >> > > > }else{
> >> > > > y <- unlist(strsplit(y, ""))
> >> > > > -sum((y != "1")*2^((length(y) - 1):0)) - 1
> >> > > > }
> >> > > > })
> >> > > > unname(res)
> >> > > > }
> >> > > >
> >> > > > fun("10110010")
> >> > > > fun("10000000")
> >> > > > fun(c("01000000", "01111111", "10110010", "10000000"))
> >> > > >
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Hope this helps,
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Rui Barradas
> >> > > >
> >> > > > Às 11:38 de 20/01/20, Rui Barradas escreveu:
> >> > > > > Hello,
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > Is this what you want?
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > x <- "10110010"
> >> > > > > strtoi(x, base = 2)
> >> > > > > #[1] 178
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > Hope this helps,
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > Rui Barradas
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > Às 16:31 de 16/01/20, Paul Bernal escreveu:
> >> > > > >> Dear friends,
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> How can I convert the following binary number in two´s
> complement
> >> > > > >> representation in R?
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> 10110010
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> Any help and/or guidance will be greatly appreciated,
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> Best regards,
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> Paul
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >> ______________________________________________
> >> > > > >> R-help@r-project.org <mailto:R-help@r-project.org>
> mailing list
> >> > > > -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> >> > > > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> >> > > > >> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> >> > > > >> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> >> > > > >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained,
> reproducible
> >> > > code.
> >> > > > >>
> >> > > > >
> >> > > > > ______________________________________________
> >> > > > > R-help@r-project.org <mailto:R-help@r-project.org>
> mailing list
> >> > > > -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> >> > > > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> >> > > > > PLEASE do read the posting guide
> >> > > > > http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> >> > > > > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained,
> reproducible code.
> >> > > >
> >> > >
> >> >
> >> > [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
> >> >
> >> > ______________________________________________
> >> > R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
> >> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
> >> > PLEASE do read the posting guide
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> >> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________
R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
