Still overkill, I believe.
" Unlike using the numeric levels, that doesn't fail if some of the levels I expect are absent; it only fails (and does so visibly) when there's a value in there that I haven't assigned a coding to. So it's a tad more robust. " If you are concerned about missing levels -- which I agree is legitimate -- then the following simple modification works (for **factors** of course): > d <- factor(letters[1:2],levels= letters[1:3]) > d [1] a b Levels: a b c > f <- factor(d,levels = levels(d), labels = LETTERS[3:1]) > f [1] C B Levels: C B A ## No levels lost ! Does that allay your concerns? Cheers, Bert ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.