I am receiving an error message from the by function that I don't understand:
Error in tapply(response, list(x.factor, trace.factor), fun) : 
  argument "trace.factor" is missing, with no default



My code follows:


> summary(ipd)
 group      values            time      subjects     weaned disp  
 1:55   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0   Min.   :115.0   1:65   2:45  
 2:35   1st Qu.:0.1950   1st Qu.:1   1st Qu.:121.0   2:25   3: 5  
        Median :0.3400   Median :2   Median :126.0          4:20  
        Mean   :0.3479   Mean   :2   Mean   :127.6          5:20  
        3rd Qu.:0.5000   3rd Qu.:3   3rd Qu.:134.0                
        Max.   :0.7300   Max.   :4   Max.   :144.0                
        NA's   :48                                                
> by(ipd[,c("time","subjects","values")],ipd[,"group"],interaction.plot)
Error in tapply(response, list(x.factor, trace.factor), fun) : 
  argument "trace.factor" is missing, with no default




These are my data.
> ipd
   group values time subjects weaned disp
1      1   0.00    0      115      1    2
2      1   0.00    1      115      1    2
3      1   0.18    2      115      1    2
4      1   0.17    3      115      1    2
5      1     NA    4      115      1    2
6      1   0.62    0      116      1    2
7      1     NA    1      116      1    2
8      1     NA    2      116      1    2
9      1     NA    3      116      1    2
10     1     NA    4      116      1    2
11     1   0.00    0      118      1    2
12     1   0.21    1      118      1    2
13     1   0.34    2      118      1    2
14     1   0.49    3      118      1    2
15     1     NA    4      118      1    2
16     2   0.52    0      119      2    4
17     2     NA    1      119      2    4
18     2     NA    2      119      2    4
19     2     NA    3      119      2    4
20     2     NA    4      119      2    4
21     2   0.35    0      121      2    3
22     2   0.53    1      121      2    3
23     2   0.35    2      121      2    3
24     2   0.44    3      121      2    3
25     2   0.56    4      121      2    3
26     1   0.16    0      122      1    5
27     1   0.22    1      122      1    5
28     1     NA    2      122      1    5
29     1     NA    3      122      1    5
30     1     NA    4      122      1    5
31     1   0.19    0      123      2    5
32     1     NA    1      123      2    5
33     1     NA    2      123      2    5
34     1     NA    3      123      2    5
35     1     NA    4      123      2    5
36     2   0.29    0      124      1    4
37     2   0.22    1      124      1    4
38     2     NA    2      124      1    4
39     2     NA    3      124      1    4
40     2     NA    4      124      1    4
41     1   0.38    0      125      1    4
42     1   0.45    1      125      1    4
43     1     NA    2      125      1    4
44     1     NA    3      125      1    4
45     1     NA    4      125      1    4
46     1   0.22    0      127      1    2
47     1   0.37    1      127      1    2
48     1   0.28    2      127      1    2
49     1   0.50    3      127      1    2
50     1     NA    4      127      1    2
51     1   0.30    0      130      1    2
52     1   0.49    1      130      1    2
53     1     NA    2      130      1    2
54     1     NA    3      130      1    2
55     1     NA    4      130      1    2
56     1   0.70    0      131      1    2
57     1     NA    1      131      1    2
58     1     NA    2      131      1    2
59     1     NA    3      131      1    2
60     1     NA    4      131      1    2
61     2   0.00    0      133      1    2
62     2   0.50    1      133      1    2
63     2   0.56    2      133      1    2
64     2   0.73    3      133      1    2
65     2     NA    4      133      1    2
66     1   0.22    0      134      1    2
67     1   0.65    1      134      1    2
68     1     NA    2      134      1    2
69     1     NA    3      134      1    2
70     1     NA    4      134      1    2
71     2   0.34    0      135      1    2
72     2   0.73    1      135      1    2
73     2   0.71    2      135      1    2
74     2     NA    3      135      1    2
75     2     NA    4      135      1    2
76     2   0.26    0      139      2    5
77     2     NA    1      139      2    5
78     2     NA    2      139      2    5
79     2     NA    3      139      2    5
80     2     NA    4      139      2    5
81     1   0.00    0      140      1    5
82     1   0.19    1      140      1    5
83     1     NA    2      140      1    5
84     1     NA    3      140      1    5
85     1     NA    4      140      1    5
86     2   0.19    0      144      2    4
87     2     NA    1      144      2    4
88     2     NA    2      144      2    4
89     2     NA    3      144      2    4
90     2     NA    4      144      2    4


John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric 
Medicine
Baltimore VA Medical Center
10 North Greene Street
GRECC (BT/18/GR)
Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
(Phone) 410-605-7119410-605-7119
(Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing) 




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John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric 
Medicine
Baltimore VA Medical Center
10 North Greene Street
GRECC (BT/18/GR)
Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
(Phone) 410-605-7119410-605-7119
(Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing) 





John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric 
Medicine
Baltimore VA Medical Center
10 North Greene Street
GRECC (BT/18/GR)
Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
(Phone) 410-605-7119
(Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing) 


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