Dear R users,
I am a psychology postgraduate student who is relatively new to using R. I am
currently developing a psychometric scale and have run into a few problems when
using R to calculate a polychoric correlation matrix for my dataset. I am
trying to produce a polychoric correlation matrix for calculating ordinal
reliability estimates (eg. Alpha, omega).The set consists of 439 observations
of 18 variables. Each of the 18 variables was measured using a 6 point Likert
scale but some variables only feature responses across 5 ordinal steps because
there were no observed responses for one extreme of the item. The dataset has
no missing data following multiple imputation and preliminary analyses were
conducted using SPSS. I have included a command that will reproduce the dataset
below, apologies for the size of the command:
data.matrix18 <-
structure(list(SABAS02 = structure(c(6, 2, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3,
5, 1, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 6, 5, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4,
5, 5, 5, 2, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5,
5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4,
6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 6, 5,
4, 6, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 5,
5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5,
4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4,
5, 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5,
5, 6, 2, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3,
5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6,
4, 3, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4,
5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3,
5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4,
3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5,
5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3,
5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 2, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5,
5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4,
5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 2, 5, 4, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4,
4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6,
5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 2, 5, 6), value.labels = structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS06 =
structure(c(6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6,
6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 3, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5,
6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 2, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5,
5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5,
5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5,
6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6,
6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6,
6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 2, 6, 6,
5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 6, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 2, 5, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6,
6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS09 =
structure(c(5,
3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 2, 5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6,
5, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 2, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6,
5, 6, 4, 3, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 2, 4,
5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5,
5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 2, 5, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4,
3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4,
4, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2, 5, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5,
6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6,
5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 6, 5,
5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 2, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4,
3, 3, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 3, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5,
5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4,
4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 1, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 4, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5, 2, 4, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 3, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS10 =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6,
5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5,
4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 2, 2, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 3, 3, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 6, 3, 4,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5,
6, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4,
5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6,
4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5,
5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5,
4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5,
4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5,
5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1, 3, 3, 2, 5, 5, 5,
6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4,
4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4,
5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 3, 2, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6,
6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS12 =
structure(c(6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6,
4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6,
6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6,
6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6,
6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 2, 5, 5,
6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5,
5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6,
4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4,
5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 3, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6,
6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5,
6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 6, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5,
4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 4, 6,
5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5,
6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6,
6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS18 =
structure(c(5,
3, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 1, 5, 3, 5, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 4, 2, 6, 6,
2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 1, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 5, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6, 4, 4,
3, 5, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 6,
6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 2, 6, 3, 3, 5, 3, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 6, 5, 4, 5, 1, 5, 6, 5, 5,
4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6, 4,
2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 4,
3, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4,
4, 4, 6, 3, 4, 5, 1, 4, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5,
4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5,
3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5,
5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6,
4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 1, 4, 3, 1, 6, 5, 5, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 2, 6, 5,
3, 3, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 5, 4, 6,
4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6, 1, 6, 5, 6, 1, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 5, 2,
4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 2, 5,
1, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 1, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 1,
4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 6, 5, 5, 3, 6, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS26 =
structure(c(4,
2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 2, 3, 4, 6,
5, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 5, 3, 4, 2,
2, 2, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3, 4, 6, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 5,
2, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 4, 6, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4,
2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 2, 5,
4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 2, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3, 5, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4,
2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 4, 3,
3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3,
4, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3,
4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5,
5, 2, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 4,
5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 3, 3, 4, 6, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 2,
5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 1, 5, 4, 5, 4,
3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5,
3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 2, 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 2, 4,
3, 4, 3, 4, 6, 2, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 1, 5, 3, 3, 3, 2,
4, 6, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 6, 4,
3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 1,
4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 3, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 6, 4), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS27 =
structure(c(6,
6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6,
5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 1, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6,
6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6,
5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 1, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6,
6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5,
6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6,
6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6,
4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5,
5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6,
6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4,
6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4,
5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS33 =
structure(c(6,
2, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4, 2, 5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 6,
4, 2, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 2, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4,
5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5,
5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5,
4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 1, 4, 4, 3, 4,
5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 1, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 5,
6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4,
5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5,
5, 4, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5,
4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 6, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5,
4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6,
4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4,
4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6,
4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4,
4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 5, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS34 =
structure(c(3,
5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 6,
5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 1, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5,
6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 5,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5,
4, 4, 3, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5,
5, 4, 6, 2, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4,
5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6,
4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 4, 3, 5,
4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 6, 3,
5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5,
3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2,
6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS35 =
structure(c(6,
3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 1, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 3,
4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6,
6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 2, 3, 5,
5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 4, 6, 4, 4,
4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, 6, 3, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 5,
4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5,
4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 6, 1, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6,
5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5,
6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4,
4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5,
4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5,
6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 3,
4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 3, 6, 5, 6,
4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 6, 6, 3, 5, 6), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS36 =
structure(c(6,
3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 6,
5, 5, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4,
4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6,
3, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 1, 4, 4, 2, 4,
6, 3, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 2, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5,
5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 3, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4,
5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 2, 5, 4,
4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6,
4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5,
5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 2, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 5,
6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 6, 2, 4, 3, 6,
3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 6,
6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3,
4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 2, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6,
5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS37 =
structure(c(6,
4, 5, 4, 2, 6, 4, 2, 5, 1, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 6,
5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5,
2, 6, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5,
4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4,
5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 3,
6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 1, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4,
5, 3, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4,
5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 2, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4,
3, 5, 2, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 1, 4, 6, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 5,
5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 3, 5, 4, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 4,
5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5,
4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5,
2, 2, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 1, 3, 3, 5,
2, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 2, 4, 5, 1, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 1,
5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6,
5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 5, 2, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS38 =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 2, 5, 1, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 6,
3, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4,
3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3,
5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 5,
4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 1, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4,
6, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6, 3, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4,
5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
3, 5, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5,
5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5,
5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 1, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5,
3, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5,
5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 6, 1,
4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5,
3, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 5, 3, 1, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 6, 4, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 1, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 1, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS40 =
structure(c(6,
5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 6,
5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4, 6,
5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5,
2, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4,
5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 1, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5,
6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5,
5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5,
4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
4, 3, 5, 3, 5, 6, 5, 2, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3,
4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 2, 4,
6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4,
5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5,
5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5,
4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 1, 6, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 4,
4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
6, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 1, 3, 5, 6,
5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6,
5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS41 =
structure(c(5,
3, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 1, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6,
3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 4, 2,
4, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 5,
6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 4, 2, 6, 3, 3, 5, 3, 6, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 3, 2, 5,
4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4,
4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5,
6, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 3, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4,
2, 5, 3, 3, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6, 3, 3, 4, 5,
3, 5, 3, 4, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3,
4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 2,
4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 6, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 5,
4, 3, 3, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5,
5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 3, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 6, 5,
4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 1, 5, 5, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 2, 5, 4, 6, 5,
3, 3, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 6, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6,
4, 3, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 1, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4,
5, 5, 2, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3, 6, 2,
4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5,
2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 2, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1,
4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 2, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 2, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS43 =
structure(c(6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6,
4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 1, 3, 3, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 5, 4, 6,
6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6,
6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5,
6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6,
5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5,
6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6,
4, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6,
5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 3, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4,
6, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 5,
6, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 2, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 3, 2, 5, 6, 6, 4,
4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 6,
5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 4, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5,
6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 3, 5, 6,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 3, 6, 5,
5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree"))), SABAS47 =
structure(c(6,
5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6,
4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 1, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 6, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 5, 6, 4, 6,
6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 3, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 6,
6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 3, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 4, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5,
6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5,
6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6,
5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5,
5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5,
6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 4, 6, 6, 6, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4,
6, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6,
6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5,
5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 6, 6,
4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 5,
5, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6,
5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 3, 6, 5, 6, 6,
6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6,
5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5,
6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 5, 5, 3, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 6,
5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6,
4, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 2, 6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5), value.labels =
structure(c(6,
5, 4, 3, 2, 1), .Names = c("Strongly Agree", "Agree", "Slightly Agree",
"Slightly Disagree", "Disagree", "Strongly Disagree")))), .Names = c("SABAS02",
"SABAS06", "SABAS09", "SABAS10", "SABAS12", "SABAS18", "SABAS26",
"SABAS27", "SABAS33", "SABAS34", "SABAS35", "SABAS36", "SABAS37",
"SABAS38", "SABAS40", "SABAS41", "SABAS43", "SABAS47"), row.names = c(NA,
-439L), class = "data.frame", codepage = 1252L)
I have attempted to use the polychoric command from the psych package (Revelle,
2005)
> polychoric(data.matrix18)
which returns the following error message at 20%: "Error in tab * log(P) :
non-conformable arrays".
I have also used the polychor command from the polycor package (Fox, 2010),
polychor(data.matrix18, ML=TRUE)
which returns the error message: "Error in checkmvArgs(lower = lower, upper =
upper, mean = mean, corr = corr, :
at least one element of 'lower' is larger than 'upper'"
When using the two step estimation method, R has output a single coefficient
rather than a correlation matrix, this could be due to a misunderstanding of
the command on my part.
> polychor(data.matrix18, ML=FALSE)
[1] -0.0002762387
In addition, I have used the dataset with the random.polchor.pa package
(Presaghi & Desimoni, 2011) to conduct parallel analysis with randomly
generated polychoric correlation matrices and this was successful. I conducted
these analyses on a larger dataset with 33 variables and also with the 18
variable version.
Any advice about how I can calculate a polychorric correlation matrix from this
dataset and use it to look at ordinal reliability estimates would be much
appreciated. I have one other query that does not relate to R specifically but
is likely to be a subject familiar to someone reading this post. I have
recently read a number of technical papers relating to the use of different
reliability estimates in scale development (Sjimtsa, 2009; Cronbach &
Shavelson, 2004; Revelle & Zinbarg, 2009; Gadermann, Guhn & Zumbo, 2012). These
have been helpful for me, but I am wondering if there are any less technical
articles that advise on which estimates to report from an applied research
context. I don't fully understand the mathematical subtleties of each statistic
and am hoping that someone from an applied psychology background would be able
to point me in the right direction.
References
Cronbach, L. J., & Shavelson, R. J. (2004). My current thoughts on
coefficientalpha and successor procedures. Educational and Psychological
Measurement, 64, 391-418. doi:10.1177/0013164404266386
Gadermann, A. J., Guhn, M., & Zumbo, B.D. (2012). Estimating ordinal
reliability for Likert-type and ordinal item response data: A conceptual,
empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation,
17(3), 1-13.
Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the
glb: Comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika, 74, 145-154. doi:
10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of
Cronbach's alpha. Psychometrika, 74, 107-120. doi: 10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
With regards,
Kevin
Kevin Yet Fong Cheung, Bsc., MRes., MBPsS.
Postgraduate Researcher
Centre for Psychological Research
University of Derby
Kedleston Road
Derby DE22 1GB
k.che...@derby.ac.uk<mailto:k.che...@derby.ac.uk<mailto:k.che...@derby.ac.uk%3cmailto:k.che...@derby.ac.uk>>
01332592081
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