Thank you so much for this reply, Peter. It helps. I know this is one way to adjust for covariates. However, if what I want is to get the 'remaining values' after adjustment. For example, say, 'gene expression' value is denoted as 'ge', and for each gene, ge=a*age+b*sex+c*per_se
My question is: how to get the value of 'per_se' for each gene? thanks again. Karena -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-to-do-covariate-adjustment-in-R-tp3537463p3537711.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.