Hmmm....
After reading that email four times, I think I see what you mean.
Checking for variables within particular scopes is probably one of the most
challenging things in R, and I would guess in other languages too. In R
it's compounded by situations when you're writing a function to accept
variables as either a stand alone global variable, or as an element of a
data.frame or list.
I think this is a new problem, and I'll switch to the lengthier
data.frame[,'x'] syntax in gam for now.
By the way, about the $ accessors. I can see why some people don't like
them, but they are a part of the language. And, I think they're a good
part. They make the code much more readable, and I have yet to make a
mistake using them (which makes me think that they can be used
responsibly). Making code harder to read is its own source of error, and is
not something that I take lightly!
Thanks for the replies. And, thank you Rolf for the detailed analysis. Do
you think that your or I should submit a bug report to the package
maintainer? I'm not sure how that works. Very few of my challenges turn
out to be actual bugs, but I think this one is.
On Fri, May 6, 2011 at 4:53 AM, Berwin A Turlach
<berwin.turl...@gmail.com>wrote:
> G'day Rolf,
>
> On Fri, 06 May 2011 09:58:50 +1200
> Rolf Turner <rolf.tur...@xtra.co.nz> wrote:
>
> > but it's strange that the dodgey code throws an error with gam(dat1$y
> > ~ s(dat1$x)) but not with gam(dat2$cf ~ s(dat2$s))
>
> > Something a bit subtle is going on; it would be nice to be able to
> > understand it.
>
> Well,
>
> R> traceback()
> 3: eval(expr, envir, enclos)
> 2: eval(inp, data, parent.frame())
> 1: gam(dat$y ~ s(dat$x))
>
> So the lines leading up to the problem seem to be the following from
> the gam() function:
>
> vars <- all.vars(gp$fake.formula[-2])
> inp <- parse(text = paste("list(", paste(vars, collapse = ","),
> ")"))
> if (!is.list(data) && !is.data.frame(data))
> data <- as.data.frame(data)
>
>
>
> Setting
>
> R> options(error=recover)
>
> running the code until the error occurs, and then examining the frame
> number for the gam() call shows that "inp" is
> "expression(list( dat1,x ))" in your first example and
> "expression(list( dat2,s ))" in your second example. In both
> examples, "data" is "list()" (not unsurprisingly). When,
>
> dl <- eval(inp, data, parent.frame())
>
> is executed, it tries to eval "inp", in both cases "dat1" and "dat2"
> are found, obviously, in the parent frame. In your first example "x" is
> (typically) not found and an error is thrown, in your second example an
> object with name "s" is found in "package:mgcv" and the call to eval
> succeeds. "dl" becomes a list with two components, the first being,
> respectively, "dat1" or "dat2", and the second the body of the function
> "s". (To verify that, you should probably issue the command
> "debug(gam)" and step through those first few lines of the function
> until you reach the above command.)
>
> The corollary is that you can use the name of any object that R will
> find in the parent frame, if it is another data set, then that data
> set will become the second component of "inp". E.g.:
>
> R> dat=data.frame(min=1:100,cf=sin(1:100/50)+rnorm(100,0,.05))
> R> gam(dat$cf ~ s(dat$min))
>
> Family: gaussian
> Link function: identity
>
> Formula:
> dat$cf ~ s(dat$min)
>
> Estimated degrees of freedom:
> 3.8925 total = 4.892488
>
> GCV score: 0.002704789
>
> Or
>
> R> dat=data.frame(BOD=1:100,cf=sin(1:100/50)+rnorm(100,0,.05))
> R> gam(dat$cf ~ s(dat$BOD))
>
> Family: gaussian
> Link function: identity
>
> Formula:
> dat$cf ~ s(dat$BOD)
>
> Estimated degrees of freedom:
> 3.9393 total = 4.939297
>
> GCV score: 0.002666985
>
> > Just out of pure academic interest. :-)
>
> Hope your academic curiosity is now satisfied. :)
>
> HTH.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Berwin
>
> ========================== Full address ============================
> A/Prof Berwin A Turlach Tel.: +61 (8) 6488 3338 (secr)
> School of Maths and Stats (M019) +61 (8) 6488 3383 (self)
> The University of Western Australia FAX : +61 (8) 6488 1028
> 35 Stirling Highway
> Crawley WA 6009 e-mail: berwin.turl...@gmail.com
> Australia http://www.maths.uwa.edu.au/~berwin
>
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