I noticed that sub() gives unexpected results for the following test case. In the test case, the (initial) input is ASCII but the replacements are UTF-8. The first sub() produces an UTF-8 result with an "unknown" Encoding. This makes the result garbled in Windows (no UTF-8 locale there). The second sub() produces a correct result, although for some reason it is converted to the native Encoding in Windows.
I think the best result would be UTF-8 output marked as such. foo <- c("a", "b") foo <- sub("a", "\u00e4", foo) print(Encoding(foo)) ## [1] "unknown" "unknown" foo <- sub("b", "\u00f6", foo) print(Encoding(foo)) ## [1] "unknown" "unknown" # Windows ## [1] "unknown" "UTF-8" # Linux print(foo) ## [1] "ä" "ö" # Windows ## [1] "ä" "ö" # Linux The output of sessionInfo() for both test systems follows. > sessionInfo() R version 3.5.1 Patched (2018-11-28 r75713) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) Running under: Windows 7 x64 (build 7601) Service Pack 1 Matrix products: default locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=Finnish_Finland.1252 LC_CTYPE=Finnish_Finland.1252 [3] LC_MONETARY=Finnish_Finland.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=Finnish_Finland.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] compiler_3.5.1 > sessionInfo() R Under development (unstable) (2018-12-08 r75801) Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit) Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Matrix products: default BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libf77blas.so.3.10.3 LAPACK: /home/mikko/root_R-devel-r75801/lib/R/lib/libRlapack.so locale: [1] LC_CTYPE=fi_FI.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C [3] LC_TIME=fi_FI.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=fi_FI.UTF-8 [5] LC_MONETARY=fi_FI.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=fi_FI.UTF-8 [7] LC_PAPER=fi_FI.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=fi_FI.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] compiler_3.6.0 ______________________________________________ R-devel@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel