Re: [QGIS-Developer] Understanding errors while building QGIS master

Tue, 29 Apr 2025 01:15:43 -0700 

Hi Hernán,
I switched to clang 19 to compile QGIS with Qt6 on Ubuntu. There is a handy update-alternatives command to switch compiler versions, and I switch them all to clang before compiling QGIS. 

jgr@dragon:~/dev/cpp/build-qgis-qt6$ gcc --version
Ubuntu clang version19.1.1(1ubuntu1)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/lib/llvm-19/bin
jgr@dragon:~/dev/cpp/build-qgis-qt6$ c++ --version
Ubuntu clang version19.1.1(1ubuntu1)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/lib/llvm-19/bin
jgr@dragon:~/dev/cpp/build-qgis-qt6$ cc --version
Ubuntu clang version19.1.1(1ubuntu1)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/lib/llvm-19/bin

I hope it helps,

Jorge

On 29/04/25 08:04, Hernán De Angelis via QGIS-Developer wrote:

Hi


I seek help in understanding errors (see excerpt below) I am currently 
experiencing while building QGIS master in a fresh openSUSE Tumbleweed 
install. These errors seem to originate in nlohmann json. I am used to 
compile QGIS from source but never seen these errors before and have 
trouble figuring out where they originate and what a possible solution 
could be.



I am using Qt 6.9.0, and tried compiling using both GCC 14 and 15. 
Passing the CXX flag "-std=c++17" does not seem to help. I tried using 
NLOHMANN both internal and also using the latest version compiled 
locally (3.12, as in error log below) but both fail in a similar way.



I compiled QGIS master as late as 6 april without problems in a 
previous openSUSE install. There is a very real the possibility that 
recent changes in GCC14 and 15 regarding required standards are 
playing a part here, as well as packaging changes in openSUSE 
Tumbleweed. However, as I am unsure what the cause may be I would like 
to ask the developers if these errors look familiar to you and if they 
suggest something.


Thanks in advance

Hernán








[ 12%] Built target staged-plugins-on-build

In file included from 
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/value_t.hpp:16,
                 from 
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp:20,
                 from 
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/conversions/from_json.hpp:23,
                 from 
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/adl_serializer.hpp:14,

                 from /usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:34,
                 from /usr/local/src/QGIS/external/pdal_wrench/vpc.cpp:26:

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp:257:63: 
error: wrong number of template arguments (11, should be at least 0)

  257 |     AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, CustomBaseClass>
| ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp:53:22: 
note: in expansion of macro ‘NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL’

   53 | struct is_basic_json<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> : std::true_type {};
      |                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/include/pdal/PDALUtils.hpp:39,
                 from /usr/local/include/pdal/PointRef.hpp:37,
                 from /usr/local/include/pdal/Geometry.hpp:37,
                 from /usr/local/src/QGIS/external/pdal_wrench/vpc.hpp:18,
                 from /usr/local/src/QGIS/external/pdal_wrench/vpc.cpp:19:

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:40:7: note: provided for 
‘template<template<class U, class V, class ... Args> class ObjectType, 
template<class U, class ... Args> class ArrayType, class StringType, 
class BooleanType, class NumberIntegerType, class NumberUnsignedType, 
class NumberFloatType, template<class U> class AllocatorType, 
template<class T, class SFINAE> class JSONSerializer, class 
BinaryType> class nlohmann::basic_json’

   40 | class basic_json;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~

In file included from 
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/exceptions.hpp:25:
/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/meta/type_traits.hpp:53:45: 
error: template argument 1 is invalid

   53 | struct is_basic_json<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL> : std::true_type {};
      |                                             ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp:257:63: 
error: wrong number of template arguments (11, should be at least 0)

  257 |     AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, CustomBaseClass>
| ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:51:28: 
note: in expansion of macro ‘NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL’

   51 |     struct string_t_helper<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL>
      |                            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:40:7: note: provided for 
‘template<template<class U, class V, class ... Args> class ObjectType, 
template<class U, class ... Args> class ArrayType, class StringType, 
class BooleanType, class NumberIntegerType, class NumberUnsignedType, 
class NumberFloatType, template<class U> class AllocatorType, 
template<class T, class SFINAE> class JSONSerializer, class 
BinaryType> class nlohmann::basic_json’

   40 | class basic_json;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:50:

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:51:51: 
error: template argument 1 is invalid

   51 |     struct string_t_helper<NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL>
      |                                                   ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:104:30: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous

  104 |     friend class ::nlohmann::json_pointer;
      |                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:166:26: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous

  166 |     using json_pointer = ::nlohmann::json_pointer<StringType>;
      |                          ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2327:21: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter
 2327 |     ValueType value(const json_pointer& ptr, const ValueType& 
default_value) const

      |                     ^~~~~
      |                          <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2352:22: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter
 2352 |     ReturnType value(const json_pointer& ptr, ValueType && 
default_value) const

      |                      ^~~~~
      |                           <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2376:27: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 2376 |     ValueType value(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr, const ValueType& 
default_value) const

      |                           ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2376:51: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 2376 |     ValueType value(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr, const ValueType& 
default_value) const

      |                                                   ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2387:28: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 2387 |     ReturnType value(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr, ValueType && 
default_value) const

      |                            ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2387:52: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 2387 |     ReturnType value(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr, ValueType && 
default_value) const

      |                                                    ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2745:19: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter

 2745 |     bool contains(const json_pointer& ptr) const
      |                   ^~~~~
      |                        <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2752:46: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 2752 |     bool contains(const typename 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:2752:58: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 2752 |     bool contains(const typename 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

      | ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4618:26: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter

 4618 |     reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr)
      |                          ^~~~~
      |                               <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4618:15: error: 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, 
StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, 
NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, 
CustomBaseClass>::value_type& 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, 
StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, 
NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, 
CustomBaseClass>::operator[](...)’ must not have variable number of 
arguments

 4618 |     reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr)
      |               ^~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4625:32: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 4625 |     reference operator[](const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr)

      |                                ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4625:56: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 4625 |     reference operator[](const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr)

      |                                                        ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4632:32: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter

 4632 |     const_reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr) const
      |                                ^~~~~
      |                                     <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4632:21: error: ‘const 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, 
StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, 
NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, 
CustomBaseClass>::value_type& 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::basic_json<ObjectType, ArrayType, 
StringType, BooleanType, NumberIntegerType, NumberUnsignedType, 
NumberFloatType, AllocatorType, JSONSerializer, BinaryType, 
CustomBaseClass>::operator[](...) const’ must not have variable number 
of arguments

 4632 |     const_reference operator[](const json_pointer& ptr) const
      |                     ^~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4639:38: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 4639 |     const_reference operator[](const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

      |                                      ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4639:62: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 4639 |     const_reference operator[](const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

|                                                              ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4646:18: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter

 4646 |     reference at(const json_pointer& ptr)
      |                  ^~~~~
      |                       <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4653:24: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 4653 |     reference at(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr)

      |                        ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4653:48: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 4653 |     reference at(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr)

      |                                                ^

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4660:24: error: missing 
template argument list after 
‘nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’; template placeholder not 
permitted in parameter

 4660 |     const_reference at(const json_pointer& ptr) const
      |                        ^~~~~
      |                             <>

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’ declared here

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4667:30: error: 
reference to ‘json_pointer’ is ambiguous
 4667 |     const_reference at(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

      |                              ^~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/detail/json_pointer.hpp:35:7: 
note: candidates are: ‘template<class RefStringType> class 
nlohmann::json_abi_v3_11_3::json_pointer’

   35 | class json_pointer
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/include/pdal/JsonFwd.hpp:45:7: note: ‘template<class 
BasicJsonType> class nlohmann::json_pointer’

   45 | class json_pointer;
      |       ^~~~~~~~~~~~

/usr/local/src/QGIS/external/nlohmann/json.hpp:4667:54: error: 
expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘<’ token
 4667 |     const_reference at(const 
::nlohmann::json_pointer<BasicJsonType>& ptr) const

      |                                                      ^


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