From: Damien Hedde <damien.he...@greensocs.com>
Add the documentation about the clock inputs and outputs in devices.
This is based on the original work of Frederic Konrad.
Signed-off-by: Damien Hedde <damien.he...@greensocs.com>
---
docs/devel/clock.txt | 144 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 144 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 docs/devel/clock.txt
diff --git a/docs/devel/clock.txt b/docs/devel/clock.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d018fbef90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/devel/clock.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+What are device's clocks
+========================
+
+Clocks are ports representing input and output clocks of a device. They are QOM
+objects developed for the purpose of modeling the distribution of clocks in
+QEMU.
+
+It allows to model the clock distribution of a platform and detect
configuration
+errors in the clock tree such as badly configured PLL, clock source selection
or
+disabled clock.
+
+The objects are CLOCK_IN for the input and CLOCK_OUT for the output.
+
+The clock value: ClockState
+===========================
+
+The ClockState is the structure carried by the CLOCK_OUT and CLOCK_IN objects.
+
+It actually contains two fields:
++ an integer representing the frequency of the clock in Hertz,
++ and a boolean representing the clock domain reset assertion signal.
+
+It only simulates the clock by transmitting the frequency value and
+doesn't model the signal itself such as pin toggle or duty cycle.
+The special value 0 as a frequency is legal and represent the clock being
+inactive or gated.
+
+Reset is also carried in the structure since both signals are closely related.
+But they remain value-independent, the frequency can be non-zero and the reset
+asserted as well as the opposite.
+
+Adding clocks to a device
+=========================
+
+Adding clocks to a device must be done during the init phase of the Device
+object.
+
+To add an input clock to a device, the function qdev_init_clock_in must be
used.
+It takes the name, a callback, and an opaque parameter for the clock.
+output is more simple, only the name is required. Typically:
+qdev_init_clock_in(DEVICE(dev), "clk-in", clk_in_callback, dev);
+qdev_init_clock_out(DEVICE(dev), "clk-out");
+
+Both functions return the created CLOCK_IN/OUT pointer. For an output, it
should
+be saved in the device's state structure in order to be able to change the
+clock. For an input, it can be saved it one need to change the callback.
+
+Note that it is possible to create a static array describing clock inputs and
+outputs. The function qdev_init_clocks must be called with the array as
+parameters to initialize the clocks: it has the same behaviour as calling the
+qdev_init_clock/out for each clock.
+
+Forwarding clocks
+=================
+
+Sometimes, one needs to forward, or inherit, a clock from another device.
+Typically, when doing device composition, a device might exposes a sub-device's
+clock without interfering with it.
+The function qdev_init_clock_forward can be used to achieve this behaviour.
+Note, that it is possible to expose the clock under a different name.
+This works for both inputs or outputs.
+
+For example, if device B is a child of device A, device_a_instance_init may
+do something like this:
+void device_a_instance_init(Object *obj)
+{
+ AState *A = DEVICE_A(obj);
+ BState *B;
+ [...] /* create B object as child of A */
+ qdev_init_clock_forward(A, "b_clk", B, "clk");
+ /*
+ * Now A has a clock "b_clk" which forwards to
+ * the "clk" of its child B.
+ */
+}
+
+This function does not returns any clock object. It is not possible to add
+a callback on a forwarded input clock.
+
+Connecting two clocks together
+==============================
+
+Let's say we have 2 devices A and B. A has an output clock named "clkout" and B
+has an input clock named "clkin".
+
+The clocks are connected together using the function qdev_clock_connect:
+qdev_clock_connect(B, "clkin", A, "clkout", &error_abort);
+The device which has the input must be the first argument.
+
+It is possible to connect several input clock to the same output. Every
+input callback will be called during the output changes.
+
+It is not possible to disconnect a clock neither to change the clock connection
+after it is done.
+
+Changing a clock output
+=======================
+
+A device can change its outputs using the clock_set function. It will trigger
+updates on any connected inputs.
+
+For example, let's say that we have an output clock "clkout" and we have
pointer
+on it in the device state because we did the following in init phase:
+dev->clkout = qdev_init_clock_out(DEVICE(dev), "clkout");
+
+Then at any time, it is possible to change the clock value by doing:
+ClockState state;
+state.frequency = 1000 * 1000 * 1000; /* 1MHz */
+clock_set(dev->clkout, &state);
+
+Outputs must be initialized in the device_reset method to ensure every
connected
+inputs is updated at machine startup.
+
+Callback on input clock change
+==============================
+
+Here is an example of an input callback:
+void clock_callback(void *opaque, ClockState *state) {
+ MyDeviceState *s = (MyDeviceState *) opaque;
+ /*
+ * opaque may not be the device state pointer, but most probably it is.
+ * (It depends on what is given to the qdev_init_clock_in function)
+ */
+
+ /* do something with the state */
+ fprintf(stdout, "device new frequency is %" PRIu64 "Hz\n",
+ clock_state_get_frequency(state));
+
+ /* optionally store the value for later use in our state */
+ clock_state_copy(&s->clkin_shadow, state);
+}
+
+The state argument needs only to be copied if the device needs to use the value
+later: the state pointer argument of the pointer will not be valid anymore
+after the end of the function.
+
+Migration
+=========
+
+State is not stored in clock input or output. A device is responsible for
+setting its output clock correctly in the post_load function (using clock_set)
+after its state has been loaded. This way, during the migration process, all
+clocks will be correctly restored.
--
2.18.0
