On Tue, Aug 5, 2014 at 5:05 PM, Hu Tao <hu...@cn.fujitsu.com> wrote:
> On Tue, Aug 05, 2014 at 04:42:37PM +1000, Peter Crosthwaite wrote:
>> On Tue, Aug 5, 2014 at 3:56 PM, Hu Tao <hu...@cn.fujitsu.com> wrote:
>> > Signed-off-by: Hu Tao <hu...@cn.fujitsu.com>
>> > ---
>> > hw/alpha/typhoon.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/armv7m.c | 6 +++---
>> > hw/arm/cubieboard.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/digic_boards.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/exynos4210.c | 9 +++++----
>> > hw/arm/highbank.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/arm/integratorcp.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/arm/kzm.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/arm/mainstone.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/musicpal.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/arm/omap1.c | 6 ++++--
>> > hw/arm/omap2.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/arm/omap_sx1.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/arm/palm.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/pxa2xx.c | 9 +++++----
>> > hw/arm/realview.c | 7 ++++---
>> > hw/arm/spitz.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/strongarm.c | 3 ++-
>> > hw/arm/tosa.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/arm/versatilepb.c | 3 ++-
>> > hw/arm/vexpress.c | 10 +++++-----
>> > hw/arm/virt.c | 3 ++-
>> > hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/block/onenand.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/core/loader.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/cris/axis_dev88.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/display/cg3.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/display/qxl.c | 6 +++---
>> > hw/display/sm501.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/display/tc6393xb.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/display/tcx.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/display/vga.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/display/vmware_vga.c | 3 ++-
>> > hw/i386/kvm/pci-assign.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/i386/pc.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/i386/pc_sysfw.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/lm32/lm32_boards.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/lm32/milkymist.c | 3 ++-
>> > hw/m68k/an5206.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/m68k/dummy_m68k.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/m68k/mcf5208.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c | 7 ++++---
>> > hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/mips/mips_fulong2e.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/mips/mips_jazz.c | 7 ++++---
>> > hw/mips/mips_malta.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/mips/mips_mipssim.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/mips/mips_r4k.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/moxie/moxiesim.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/net/milkymist-minimac2.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/openrisc/openrisc_sim.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/pci-host/prep.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/pci/pci.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c | 7 ++++---
>> > hw/ppc/ppc405_uc.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/s390x/s390-virtio.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/sh4/r2d.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/sh4/shix.c | 6 +++---
>> > hw/sparc/leon3.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/sparc/sun4m.c | 9 +++++----
>> > hw/sparc64/sun4u.c | 5 +++--
>> > hw/unicore32/puv3.c | 2 +-
>> > hw/xtensa/sim.c | 4 ++--
>> > hw/xtensa/xtfpga.c | 6 +++---
>> > include/exec/memory.h | 12 ++++++------
>> > memory.c | 8 ++++----
>> > numa.c | 4 ++--
>> > xen-hvm.c | 2 +-
>>
>> If you are commiting to a tree-wide fixup, I think its best to get the
>> just Error ** version in use tree wide and just drop may_fail and
>> no_fail variants.
>
> Agreed.
>
>>
>> The only reason to add a second fn would be to avoid having to touch
>> all the call sites which you have now done.
>
> Yes.
>
>>
>> Ultimately there should be one API used by all no_fail and may_fail
>> call sites that accepts an Error **. "no fail" callsites pass in
>> &error_abort. I think this is what you were suggesting in P1?
>
> I didn't think error_abort. So it's simpler to first add Error ** to
> API, update call sites to pass in &error_abort. This way we don't
> introduce may_fail or no_fail at all.
>
Yes I think so.
Regards,
Peter
>>
>> I don't see this change as being much more minimal and it's at the
>> expense of correctness.
>>
>> Regards,
>> Peter
>>
>> > 72 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 136 deletions(-)
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/alpha/typhoon.c b/hw/alpha/typhoon.c
>> > index 67a1070..8b20393 100644
>> > --- a/hw/alpha/typhoon.c
>> > +++ b/hw/alpha/typhoon.c
>> > @@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ PCIBus *typhoon_init(ram_addr_t ram_size, ISABus
>> > **isa_bus,
>> >
>> > /* Main memory region, 0x00.0000.0000. Real hardware supports 32GB,
>> > but the address space hole reserved at this point is 8TB. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->ram_region, OBJECT(s), "ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->ram_region, OBJECT(s), "ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->ram_region);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(addr_space, 0, &s->ram_region);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/armv7m.c b/hw/arm/armv7m.c
>> > index 397e8df..1f05db1 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/armv7m.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/armv7m.c
>> > @@ -210,11 +210,11 @@ qemu_irq *armv7m_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *address_space_mem,
>> > #endif
>> >
>> > /* Flash programming is done via the SCU, so pretend it is ROM. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(flash, NULL, "armv7m.flash", flash_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(flash, NULL, "armv7m.flash",
>> > flash_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(flash);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(flash, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, flash);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "armv7m.sram", sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "armv7m.sram", sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x20000000, sram);
>> > armv7m_bitband_init();
>> > @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ qemu_irq *armv7m_init(MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
>> > /* Hack to map an additional page of ram at the top of the address
>> > space. This stops qemu complaining about executing code outside
>> > RAM
>> > when returning from an exception. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(hack, NULL, "armv7m.hack", 0x1000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(hack, NULL, "armv7m.hack", 0x1000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(hack);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0xfffff000, hack);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
>> > index e2260e3..4cbb344 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/cubieboard.c
>> > @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static void cubieboard_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sdram, NULL, "cubieboard.ram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sdram, NULL, "cubieboard.ram",
>> > machine->ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), AW_A10_SDRAM_BASE,
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/digic_boards.c b/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
>> > index d1424ee..40bdddd 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/digic_boards.c
>> > @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ typedef struct DigicBoard {
>> >
>> > static void digic4_board_setup_ram(DigicBoardState *s, hwaddr ram_size)
>> > {
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->ram, NULL, "ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->ram, NULL, "ram", ram_size);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, &s->ram);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->ram);
>> > }
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/exynos4210.c b/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
>> > index 6426d16..aa2adb6 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/exynos4210.c
>> > @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ Exynos4210State *exynos4210_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *system_mem,
>> > &s->chipid_mem);
>> >
>> > /* Internal ROM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->irom_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.irom",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->irom_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.irom",
>> > EXYNOS4210_IROM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->irom_mem);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->irom_mem, true);
>> > @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ Exynos4210State *exynos4210_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *system_mem,
>> > &s->irom_alias_mem);
>> >
>> > /* Internal RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->iram_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.iram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->iram_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.iram",
>> > EXYNOS4210_IRAM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->iram_mem);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_mem, EXYNOS4210_IRAM_BASE_ADDR,
>> > @@ -272,14 +272,15 @@ Exynos4210State *exynos4210_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *system_mem,
>> > /* DRAM */
>> > mem_size = ram_size;
>> > if (mem_size > EXYNOS4210_DRAM_MAX_SIZE) {
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->dram1_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.dram1",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->dram1_mem, NULL,
>> > "exynos4210.dram1",
>> > mem_size - EXYNOS4210_DRAM_MAX_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->dram1_mem);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_mem,
>> > EXYNOS4210_DRAM1_BASE_ADDR,
>> > &s->dram1_mem);
>> > mem_size = EXYNOS4210_DRAM_MAX_SIZE;
>> > }
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->dram0_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.dram0",
>> > mem_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->dram0_mem, NULL, "exynos4210.dram0",
>> > + mem_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->dram0_mem);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_mem, EXYNOS4210_DRAM0_BASE_ADDR,
>> > &s->dram0_mem);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/highbank.c b/hw/arm/highbank.c
>> > index 8340434..f64a679 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/highbank.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/highbank.c
>> > @@ -255,12 +255,12 @@ static void calxeda_init(MachineState *machine, enum
>> > cxmachines machine_id)
>> >
>> > sysmem = get_system_memory();
>> > dram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(dram, NULL, "highbank.dram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(dram, NULL, "highbank.dram", ram_size);
>> > /* SDRAM at address zero. */
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0, dram);
>> >
>> > sysram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sysram, NULL, "highbank.sysram", 0x8000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sysram, NULL, "highbank.sysram",
>> > 0x8000);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0xfff88000, sysram);
>> > if (bios_name != NULL) {
>> > sysboot_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
>> > index 0e476c3..6cfb673 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
>> > @@ -264,7 +264,8 @@ static int integratorcm_init(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > s->cm_init = 0x00000112;
>> > s->cm_refcnt_offset = muldiv64(qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL),
>> > 24,
>> > 1000);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->flash, OBJECT(s), "integrator.flash",
>> > 0x100000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->flash, OBJECT(s),
>> > "integrator.flash",
>> > + 0x100000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->flash);
>> >
>> > memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem, OBJECT(s), &integratorcm_ops, s,
>> > @@ -485,7 +486,7 @@ static void integratorcp_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "integrator.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "integrator.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > /* ??? On a real system the first 1Mb is mapped as SSRAM or boot
>> > flash. */
>> > /* ??? RAM should repeat to fill physical memory space. */
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/kzm.c b/hw/arm/kzm.c
>> > index 0555d12..749201c 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/kzm.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/kzm.c
>> > @@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ static void kzm_init(MachineState *machine)
>> >
>> > /* On a real system, the first 16k is a `secure boot rom' */
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "kzm.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "kzm.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, KZM_RAMADDRESS, ram);
>> >
>> > memory_region_init_alias(ram_alias, NULL, "ram.alias", ram, 0,
>> > ram_size);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x88000000, ram_alias);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "kzm.sram", 0x4000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "kzm.sram", 0x4000);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x1FFFC000, sram);
>> >
>> > dev = sysbus_create_varargs("imx_avic", 0x68000000,
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/mainstone.c b/hw/arm/mainstone.c
>> > index 44f1873..16489e7 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/mainstone.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/mainstone.c
>> > @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static void mainstone_common_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *address_space_mem,
>> >
>> > /* Setup CPU & memory */
>> > mpu = pxa270_init(address_space_mem, mainstone_binfo.ram_size,
>> > cpu_model);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "mainstone.rom", MAINSTONE_ROM);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "mainstone.rom",
>> > MAINSTONE_ROM);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, rom);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/musicpal.c b/hw/arm/musicpal.c
>> > index 6a134f2..f69f6ee 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/musicpal.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/musicpal.c
>> > @@ -1601,11 +1601,12 @@ static void musicpal_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > /* For now we use a fixed - the original - RAM size */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "musicpal.ram",
>> > MP_RAM_DEFAULT_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "musicpal.ram",
>> > + MP_RAM_DEFAULT_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "musicpal.sram", MP_SRAM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "musicpal.sram",
>> > MP_SRAM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, MP_SRAM_BASE, sram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/omap1.c b/hw/arm/omap1.c
>> > index e7cc5d7..7ffaaca 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/omap1.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/omap1.c
>> > @@ -3854,10 +3854,12 @@ struct omap_mpu_state_s
>> > *omap310_mpu_init(MemoryRegion *system_memory,
>> > omap_clk_init(s);
>> >
>> > /* Memory-mapped stuff */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->emiff_ram, NULL, "omap1.dram",
>> > s->sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->emiff_ram, NULL, "omap1.dram",
>> > + s->sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->emiff_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OMAP_EMIFF_BASE,
>> > &s->emiff_ram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->imif_ram, NULL, "omap1.sram",
>> > s->sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->imif_ram, NULL, "omap1.sram",
>> > + s->sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->imif_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OMAP_IMIF_BASE,
>> > &s->imif_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/omap2.c b/hw/arm/omap2.c
>> > index dc53a7a..1fc7582 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/omap2.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/omap2.c
>> > @@ -2266,10 +2266,10 @@ struct omap_mpu_state_s
>> > *omap2420_mpu_init(MemoryRegion *sysmem,
>> > omap_clk_init(s);
>> >
>> > /* Memory-mapped stuff */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sdram, NULL, "omap2.dram", s->sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sdram, NULL, "omap2.dram",
>> > s->sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, OMAP2_Q2_BASE, &s->sdram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sram, NULL, "omap2.sram", s->sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sram, NULL, "omap2.sram",
>> > s->sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, OMAP2_SRAM_BASE, &s->sram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c b/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
>> > index b4f6da6..313a4f5 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/omap_sx1.c
>> > @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static void sx1_init(MachineState *machine, const int
>> > version)
>> > machine->cpu_model);
>> >
>> > /* External Flash (EMIFS) */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(flash, NULL, "omap_sx1.flash0-0", flash_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(flash, NULL, "omap_sx1.flash0-0",
>> > flash_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(flash);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(flash, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, OMAP_CS0_BASE, flash);
>> > @@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ static void sx1_init(MachineState *machine, const int
>> > version)
>> >
>> > if ((version == 1) &&
>> > (dinfo = drive_get(IF_PFLASH, 0, fl_idx)) != NULL) {
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(flash_1, NULL, "omap_sx1.flash1-0",
>> > flash1_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(flash_1, NULL, "omap_sx1.flash1-0",
>> > + flash1_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(flash_1);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(flash_1, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, OMAP_CS1_BASE,
>> > flash_1);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/palm.c b/hw/arm/palm.c
>> > index e61995f..7f37b6d 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/palm.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/palm.c
>> > @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static void palmte_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > mpu = omap310_mpu_init(address_space_mem, sdram_size, cpu_model);
>> >
>> > /* External Flash (EMIFS) */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(flash, NULL, "palmte.flash", flash_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(flash, NULL, "palmte.flash",
>> > flash_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(flash);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(flash, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, OMAP_CS0_BASE, flash);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c b/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
>> > index 557e0f1..78cd6d2 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/pxa2xx.c
>> > @@ -2055,10 +2055,11 @@ PXA2xxState *pxa270_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *address_space,
>> > s->reset = qemu_allocate_irq(pxa2xx_reset, s, 0);
>> >
>> > /* SDRAM & Internal Memory Storage */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sdram, NULL, "pxa270.sdram", sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sdram, NULL, "pxa270.sdram",
>> > sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, PXA2XX_SDRAM_BASE,
>> > &s->sdram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->internal, NULL, "pxa270.internal",
>> > 0x40000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->internal, NULL, "pxa270.internal",
>> > + 0x40000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->internal);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, PXA2XX_INTERNAL_BASE,
>> > &s->internal);
>> > @@ -2186,10 +2187,10 @@ PXA2xxState *pxa255_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *address_space, unsigned int sdram_size)
>> > s->reset = qemu_allocate_irq(pxa2xx_reset, s, 0);
>> >
>> > /* SDRAM & Internal Memory Storage */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sdram, NULL, "pxa255.sdram", sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sdram, NULL, "pxa255.sdram",
>> > sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, PXA2XX_SDRAM_BASE,
>> > &s->sdram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->internal, NULL, "pxa255.internal",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->internal, NULL, "pxa255.internal",
>> > PXA2XX_INTERNAL_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->internal);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, PXA2XX_INTERNAL_BASE,
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/realview.c b/hw/arm/realview.c
>> > index 64b9251..a8f374b 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/realview.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/realview.c
>> > @@ -137,12 +137,13 @@ static void realview_init(MachineState *machine,
>> > /* Core tile RAM. */
>> > low_ram_size = ram_size - 0x20000000;
>> > ram_size = 0x20000000;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram_lo, NULL, "realview.lowmem",
>> > low_ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram_lo, NULL, "realview.lowmem",
>> > + low_ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram_lo);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x20000000, ram_lo);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram_hi, NULL, "realview.highmem", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram_hi, NULL, "realview.highmem",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram_hi);
>> > low_ram_size = ram_size;
>> > if (low_ram_size > 0x10000000)
>> > @@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ static void realview_init(MachineState *machine,
>> > startup code. I guess this works on real hardware because the
>> > BootROM happens to be in ROM/flash or in memory that isn't
>> > clobbered
>> > until after Linux boots the secondary CPUs. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram_hack, NULL, "realview.hack", 0x1000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram_hack, NULL, "realview.hack",
>> > 0x1000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram_hack);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, SMP_BOOT_ADDR, ram_hack);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/spitz.c b/hw/arm/spitz.c
>> > index 03cc6ce..9f54a55 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/spitz.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/spitz.c
>> > @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ static void spitz_common_init(MachineState *machine,
>> >
>> > sl_flash_register(mpu, (model == spitz) ? FLASH_128M : FLASH_1024M);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "spitz.rom", SPITZ_ROM);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "spitz.rom", SPITZ_ROM);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, rom);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/strongarm.c b/hw/arm/strongarm.c
>> > index 9e2a0d4..29212a1 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/strongarm.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/strongarm.c
>> > @@ -1604,7 +1604,8 @@ StrongARMState *sa1110_init(MemoryRegion *sysmem,
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->sdram, NULL, "strongarm.sdram",
>> > sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->sdram, NULL, "strongarm.sdram",
>> > + sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, SA_SDCS0, &s->sdram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/tosa.c b/hw/arm/tosa.c
>> > index abc0f2a..94b7259 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/tosa.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/tosa.c
>> > @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ static void tosa_init(MachineState *machine)
>> >
>> > mpu = pxa255_init(address_space_mem, tosa_binfo.ram_size);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "tosa.rom", TOSA_ROM);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "tosa.rom", TOSA_ROM);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, rom);
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
>> > index dea5fc7..d878a2e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
>> > @@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ static void versatile_init(MachineState *machine, int
>> > board_id)
>> > fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find CPU definition\n");
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "versatile.ram", machine->ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "versatile.ram",
>> > + machine->ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > /* ??? RAM should repeat to fill physical memory space. */
>> > /* SDRAM at address zero. */
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/vexpress.c b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
>> > index a88732c..ef47244 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/vexpress.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
>> > @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static void a9_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo
>> > *daughterboard,
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "vexpress.highmem", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "vexpress.highmem",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > low_ram_size = ram_size;
>> > if (low_ram_size > 0x4000000) {
>> > @@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ static void a15_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo
>> > *daughterboard,
>> > }
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "vexpress.highmem", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "vexpress.highmem",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > /* RAM is from 0x80000000 upwards; there is no low-memory alias for
>> > it. */
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x80000000, ram);
>> > @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ static void a15_daughterboard_init(const VEDBoardInfo
>> > *daughterboard,
>> > /* 0x2b060000: SP805 watchdog: not modelled */
>> > /* 0x2b0a0000: PL341 dynamic memory controller: not modelled */
>> > /* 0x2e000000: system SRAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "vexpress.a15sram", 0x10000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "vexpress.a15sram",
>> > 0x10000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x2e000000, sram);
>> >
>> > @@ -634,12 +634,12 @@ static void vexpress_common_init(VEDBoardInfo
>> > *daughterboard,
>> > }
>> >
>> > sram_size = 0x2000000;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "vexpress.sram", sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "vexpress.sram", sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, map[VE_SRAM], sram);
>> >
>> > vram_size = 0x800000;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(vram, NULL, "vexpress.vram", vram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(vram, NULL, "vexpress.vram", vram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(vram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, map[VE_VIDEORAM], vram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/virt.c b/hw/arm/virt.c
>> > index 89532bd..1bb33bb 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/virt.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/virt.c
>> > @@ -489,7 +489,8 @@ static void machvirt_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > fdt_add_cpu_nodes(vbi);
>> > fdt_add_psci_node(vbi);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "mach-virt.ram", machine->ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "mach-virt.ram",
>> > + machine->ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, vbi->memmap[VIRT_MEM].base, ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
>> > index ba5aa82..ab5d1ca 100644
>> > --- a/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
>> > +++ b/hw/arm/xilinx_zynq.c
>> > @@ -149,12 +149,12 @@ static void zynq_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > /* DDR remapped to address zero. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ext_ram, NULL, "zynq.ext_ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ext_ram, NULL, "zynq.ext_ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ext_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, ext_ram);
>> >
>> > /* 256K of on-chip memory */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ocm_ram, NULL, "zynq.ocm_ram", 256 << 10);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ocm_ram, NULL, "zynq.ocm_ram", 256 <<
>> > 10);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ocm_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0xFFFC0000, ocm_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/block/onenand.c b/hw/block/onenand.c
>> > index 5388122..e7b5d6c 100644
>> > --- a/hw/block/onenand.c
>> > +++ b/hw/block/onenand.c
>> > @@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ static int onenand_initfn(SysBusDevice *sbd)
>> > }
>> > s->otp = memset(g_malloc((64 + 2) << PAGE_SHIFT),
>> > 0xff, (64 + 2) << PAGE_SHIFT);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->ram, OBJECT(s), "onenand.ram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->ram, OBJECT(s), "onenand.ram",
>> > 0xc000 << s->shift);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->ram);
>> > ram = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->ram);
>> > diff --git a/hw/core/loader.c b/hw/core/loader.c
>> > index 2bf6b8f..fdebf86 100644
>> > --- a/hw/core/loader.c
>> > +++ b/hw/core/loader.c
>> > @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ static void *rom_set_mr(Rom *rom, Object *owner, const
>> > char *name)
>> > void *data;
>> >
>> > rom->mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom->mr));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom->mr, owner, name, rom->datasize);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom->mr, owner, name, rom->datasize);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom->mr, true);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom->mr);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/cris/axis_dev88.c b/hw/cris/axis_dev88.c
>> > index 1849338..7e30525 100644
>> > --- a/hw/cris/axis_dev88.c
>> > +++ b/hw/cris/axis_dev88.c
>> > @@ -270,13 +270,14 @@ void axisdev88_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > env = &cpu->env;
>> >
>> > /* allocate RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_ram, NULL, "axisdev88.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_ram, NULL, "axisdev88.ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x40000000, phys_ram);
>> >
>> > /* The ETRAX-FS has 128Kb on chip ram, the docs refer to it as the
>> > internal memory. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_intmem, NULL, "axisdev88.chipram",
>> > INTMEM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_intmem, NULL, "axisdev88.chipram",
>> > + INTMEM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_intmem);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x38000000,
>> > phys_intmem);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/cg3.c b/hw/display/cg3.c
>> > index 65ef7a7..9197cb6 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/cg3.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/cg3.c
>> > @@ -279,7 +279,8 @@ static void cg3_initfn(Object *obj)
>> > SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
>> > CG3State *s = CG3(obj);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->rom, NULL, "cg3.prom", FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->rom, NULL, "cg3.prom",
>> > + FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->rom, true);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rom);
>> >
>> > @@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ static void cg3_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error
>> > **errp)
>> > }
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->vram_mem, NULL, "cg3.vram", s->vram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->vram_mem, NULL, "cg3.vram",
>> > s->vram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->vram_mem);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->vram_mem);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/qxl.c b/hw/display/qxl.c
>> > index d43aa49..da76804 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/qxl.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/qxl.c
>> > @@ -1978,14 +1978,14 @@ static int qxl_init_common(PCIQXLDevice *qxl)
>> > pci_set_byte(&config[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN], 1);
>> >
>> > qxl->rom_size = qxl_rom_size();
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&qxl->rom_bar, OBJECT(qxl), "qxl.vrom",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&qxl->rom_bar, OBJECT(qxl), "qxl.vrom",
>> > qxl->rom_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&qxl->rom_bar, &qxl->pci.qdev);
>> > init_qxl_rom(qxl);
>> > init_qxl_ram(qxl);
>> >
>> > qxl->guest_surfaces.cmds = g_new0(QXLPHYSICAL, qxl->ssd.num_surfaces);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&qxl->vram_bar, OBJECT(qxl), "qxl.vram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&qxl->vram_bar, OBJECT(qxl), "qxl.vram",
>> > qxl->vram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&qxl->vram_bar, &qxl->pci.qdev);
>> > memory_region_init_alias(&qxl->vram32_bar, OBJECT(qxl), "qxl.vram32",
>> > @@ -2093,7 +2093,7 @@ static int qxl_init_secondary(PCIDevice *dev)
>> >
>> > qxl->id = device_id++;
>> > qxl_init_ramsize(qxl);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&qxl->vga.vram, OBJECT(dev), "qxl.vgavram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&qxl->vga.vram, OBJECT(dev),
>> > "qxl.vgavram",
>> > qxl->vga.vram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&qxl->vga.vram, &qxl->pci.qdev);
>> > qxl->vga.vram_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&qxl->vga.vram);
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/sm501.c b/hw/display/sm501.c
>> > index eedf2d4..a8b0285 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/sm501.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/sm501.c
>> > @@ -1409,7 +1409,7 @@ void sm501_init(MemoryRegion *address_space_mem,
>> > uint32_t base,
>> > s->dc_crt_control = 0x00010000;
>> >
>> > /* allocate local memory */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->local_mem_region, NULL, "sm501.local",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->local_mem_region, NULL,
>> > "sm501.local",
>> > local_mem_bytes);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->local_mem_region);
>> > s->local_mem = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->local_mem_region);
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/tc6393xb.c b/hw/display/tc6393xb.c
>> > index f4011d2..9c649d5 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/tc6393xb.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/tc6393xb.c
>> > @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ TC6393xbState *tc6393xb_init(MemoryRegion *sysmem,
>> > uint32_t base, qemu_irq irq)
>> > memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem, NULL, &tc6393xb_ops, s, "tc6393xb",
>> > 0x10000);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, base, &s->iomem);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->vram, NULL, "tc6393xb.vram", 0x100000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->vram, NULL, "tc6393xb.vram",
>> > 0x100000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->vram);
>> > s->vram_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->vram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, base + 0x100000, &s->vram);
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/tcx.c b/hw/display/tcx.c
>> > index 28c742c..aa22340 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/tcx.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/tcx.c
>> > @@ -535,7 +535,8 @@ static void tcx_initfn(Object *obj)
>> > SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(obj);
>> > TCXState *s = TCX(obj);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->rom, NULL, "tcx.prom", FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->rom, NULL, "tcx.prom",
>> > + FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->rom, true);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->rom);
>> >
>> > @@ -566,7 +567,7 @@ static void tcx_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error
>> > **errp)
>> > uint8_t *vram_base;
>> > char *fcode_filename;
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->vram_mem, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->vram_mem, OBJECT(s), "tcx.vram",
>> > s->vram_size * (1 + 4 + 4));
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->vram_mem);
>> > vram_base = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->vram_mem);
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/vga.c b/hw/display/vga.c
>> > index 4b089a3..f17a4b4 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/vga.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/vga.c
>> > @@ -2291,7 +2291,7 @@ void vga_common_init(VGACommonState *s, Object *obj,
>> > bool global_vmstate)
>> > s->vram_size_mb = s->vram_size >> 20;
>> >
>> > s->is_vbe_vmstate = 1;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->vram, obj, "vga.vram", s->vram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->vram, obj, "vga.vram",
>> > s->vram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&s->vram, global_vmstate ? NULL : DEVICE(obj));
>> > xen_register_framebuffer(&s->vram);
>> > s->vram_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->vram);
>> > diff --git a/hw/display/vmware_vga.c b/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
>> > index 591b645..a3738be 100644
>> > --- a/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
>> > +++ b/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
>> > @@ -1201,7 +1201,8 @@ static void vmsvga_init(DeviceState *dev, struct
>> > vmsvga_state_s *s,
>> > s->vga.con = graphic_console_init(dev, 0, &vmsvga_ops, s);
>> >
>> > s->fifo_size = SVGA_FIFO_SIZE;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->fifo_ram, NULL, "vmsvga.fifo",
>> > s->fifo_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->fifo_ram, NULL, "vmsvga.fifo",
>> > + s->fifo_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->fifo_ram);
>> > s->fifo_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->fifo_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/i386/kvm/pci-assign.c b/hw/i386/kvm/pci-assign.c
>> > index de33657..f62d77e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/i386/kvm/pci-assign.c
>> > +++ b/hw/i386/kvm/pci-assign.c
>> > @@ -1943,7 +1943,7 @@ static void
>> > assigned_dev_load_option_rom(AssignedDevice *dev)
>> >
>> > snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom",
>> > object_get_typename(OBJECT(dev)));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&dev->dev.rom, OBJECT(dev), name, st.st_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&dev->dev.rom, OBJECT(dev), name,
>> > st.st_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&dev->dev.rom, &dev->dev.qdev);
>> > ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&dev->dev.rom);
>> > memset(ptr, 0xff, st.st_size);
>> > diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
>> > index 2cf22b1..f503b0e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/i386/pc.c
>> > +++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
>> > @@ -1272,7 +1272,7 @@ FWCfgState *pc_memory_init(MachineState *machine,
>> > pc_system_firmware_init(rom_memory, guest_info->isapc_ram_fw);
>> >
>> > option_rom_mr = g_malloc(sizeof(*option_rom_mr));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom", PC_ROM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(option_rom_mr, NULL, "pc.rom",
>> > PC_ROM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(option_rom_mr);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
>> > PC_ROM_MIN_VGA,
>> > diff --git a/hw/i386/pc_sysfw.c b/hw/i386/pc_sysfw.c
>> > index 75a7ebb..a15963b 100644
>> > --- a/hw/i386/pc_sysfw.c
>> > +++ b/hw/i386/pc_sysfw.c
>> > @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static void pc_isa_bios_init(MemoryRegion *rom_memory,
>> > /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
>> > isa_bios_size = MIN(flash_size, 128 * 1024);
>> > isa_bios = g_malloc(sizeof(*isa_bios));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(isa_bios, NULL, "isa-bios", isa_bios_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(isa_bios, NULL, "isa-bios",
>> > isa_bios_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(isa_bios);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(rom_memory,
>> > 0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
>> > @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ static void old_pc_system_rom_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *rom_memory, bool isapc_ram_fw)
>> > goto bios_error;
>> > }
>> > bios = g_malloc(sizeof(*bios));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "pc.bios", bios_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "pc.bios", bios_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > if (!isapc_ram_fw) {
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(bios, true);
>> > diff --git a/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c b/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
>> > index 1b4b8d4..b87fe84 100644
>> > --- a/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
>> > +++ b/hw/input/milkymist-softusb.c
>> > @@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ static int milkymist_softusb_init(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->regs_region);
>> >
>> > /* register pmem and dmem */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->pmem, OBJECT(s), "milkymist-softusb.pmem",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->pmem, OBJECT(s),
>> > "milkymist-softusb.pmem",
>> > s->pmem_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->pmem);
>> > s->pmem_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->pmem);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->pmem);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->dmem, OBJECT(s), "milkymist-softusb.dmem",
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->dmem, OBJECT(s),
>> > "milkymist-softusb.dmem",
>> > s->dmem_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->dmem);
>> > s->dmem_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->dmem);
>> > diff --git a/hw/lm32/lm32_boards.c b/hw/lm32/lm32_boards.c
>> > index 0e01340..dd4debb 100644
>> > --- a/hw/lm32/lm32_boards.c
>> > +++ b/hw/lm32/lm32_boards.c
>> > @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static void lm32_evr_init(MachineState *machine)
>> >
>> > reset_info->flash_base = flash_base;
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_ram, NULL, "lm32_evr.sdram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_ram, NULL, "lm32_evr.sdram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, ram_base, phys_ram);
>> >
>> > @@ -213,7 +213,8 @@ static void lm32_uclinux_init(MachineState *machine)
>> >
>> > reset_info->flash_base = flash_base;
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_ram, NULL, "lm32_uclinux.sdram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_ram, NULL, "lm32_uclinux.sdram",
>> > + ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, ram_base, phys_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/lm32/milkymist.c b/hw/lm32/milkymist.c
>> > index 81c3933..e5fabd4 100644
>> > --- a/hw/lm32/milkymist.c
>> > +++ b/hw/lm32/milkymist.c
>> > @@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ milkymist_init(MachineState *machine)
>> >
>> > cpu_lm32_set_phys_msb_ignore(env, 1);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_sdram, NULL, "milkymist.sdram",
>> > sdram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_sdram, NULL, "milkymist.sdram",
>> > + sdram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, sdram_base,
>> > phys_sdram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/m68k/an5206.c b/hw/m68k/an5206.c
>> > index 684496a..c6a8085 100644
>> > --- a/hw/m68k/an5206.c
>> > +++ b/hw/m68k/an5206.c
>> > @@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ static void an5206_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > env->rambar0 = AN5206_RAMBAR_ADDR | 1;
>> >
>> > /* DRAM at address zero */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "an5206.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "an5206.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > /* Internal SRAM. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "an5206.sram", 512);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "an5206.sram", 512);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, AN5206_RAMBAR_ADDR,
>> > sram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/m68k/dummy_m68k.c b/hw/m68k/dummy_m68k.c
>> > index 6db1b71..cf6f0fc 100644
>> > --- a/hw/m68k/dummy_m68k.c
>> > +++ b/hw/m68k/dummy_m68k.c
>> > @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static void dummy_m68k_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > env->vbr = 0;
>> >
>> > /* RAM at address zero */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "dummy_m68k.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "dummy_m68k.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/m68k/mcf5208.c b/hw/m68k/mcf5208.c
>> > index 2ef617f..c7ea48c 100644
>> > --- a/hw/m68k/mcf5208.c
>> > +++ b/hw/m68k/mcf5208.c
>> > @@ -218,12 +218,12 @@ static void mcf5208evb_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > /* TODO: Configure BARs. */
>> >
>> > /* DRAM at 0x40000000 */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "mcf5208.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "mcf5208.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x40000000, ram);
>> >
>> > /* Internal SRAM. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "mcf5208.sram", 16384);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "mcf5208.sram", 16384);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x80000000, sram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
>> > b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
>> > index aea9c5b..19a9617 100644
>> > --- a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
>> > +++ b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_ml605_mmu.c
>> > @@ -99,12 +99,13 @@ petalogix_ml605_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(cpu), true, "realized", &error_abort);
>> >
>> > /* Attach emulated BRAM through the LMB. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_lmb_bram, NULL,
>> > "petalogix_ml605.lmb_bram",
>> > - LMB_BRAM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_lmb_bram, NULL,
>> > + "petalogix_ml605.lmb_bram",
>> > LMB_BRAM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_lmb_bram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x00000000,
>> > phys_lmb_bram);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_ram, NULL, "petalogix_ml605.ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_ram, NULL, "petalogix_ml605.ram",
>> > + ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, ddr_base, phys_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
>> > b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
>> > index 49dc6d1..83bf27c 100644
>> > --- a/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
>> > +++ b/hw/microblaze/petalogix_s3adsp1800_mmu.c
>> > @@ -80,12 +80,13 @@ petalogix_s3adsp1800_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > cpu = cpu_mb_init(cpu_model);
>> >
>> > /* Attach emulated BRAM through the LMB. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_lmb_bram, NULL,
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_lmb_bram, NULL,
>> > "petalogix_s3adsp1800.lmb_bram",
>> > LMB_BRAM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_lmb_bram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x00000000, phys_lmb_bram);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(phys_ram, NULL, "petalogix_s3adsp1800.ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(phys_ram, NULL,
>> > "petalogix_s3adsp1800.ram",
>> > + ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(phys_ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, ddr_base, phys_ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/mips/mips_fulong2e.c b/hw/mips/mips_fulong2e.c
>> > index f7533ed..3b23a2e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/mips/mips_fulong2e.c
>> > +++ b/hw/mips/mips_fulong2e.c
>> > @@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ static void mips_fulong2e_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > bios_size = 1024 * 1024;
>> >
>> > /* allocate RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "fulong2e.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "fulong2e.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "fulong2e.bios", bios_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "fulong2e.bios", bios_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(bios, true);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/mips/mips_jazz.c b/hw/mips/mips_jazz.c
>> > index c113a80..3eb1be4 100644
>> > --- a/hw/mips/mips_jazz.c
>> > +++ b/hw/mips/mips_jazz.c
>> > @@ -179,11 +179,12 @@ static void mips_jazz_init(MemoryRegion
>> > *address_space,
>> > cc->do_unassigned_access = mips_jazz_do_unassigned_access;
>> >
>> > /* allocate RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "mips_jazz.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "mips_jazz.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "mips_jazz.bios",
>> > MAGNUM_BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "mips_jazz.bios",
>> > + MAGNUM_BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(bios, true);
>> > memory_region_init_alias(bios2, NULL, "mips_jazz.bios", bios,
>> > @@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ static void mips_jazz_init(MemoryRegion *address_space,
>> > {
>> > /* Simple ROM, so user doesn't have to provide one */
>> > MemoryRegion *rom_mr = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom_mr, NULL, "g364fb.rom", 0x80000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom_mr, NULL, "g364fb.rom",
>> > 0x80000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom_mr);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom_mr, true);
>> > uint8_t *rom = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(rom_mr);
>> > diff --git a/hw/mips/mips_malta.c b/hw/mips/mips_malta.c
>> > index cfb60af..f3e7a07 100644
>> > --- a/hw/mips/mips_malta.c
>> > +++ b/hw/mips/mips_malta.c
>> > @@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ void mips_malta_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > /* register RAM at high address where it is undisturbed by IO */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram_high, NULL, "mips_malta.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram_high, NULL, "mips_malta.ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram_high);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0x80000000, ram_high);
>> >
>> > @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ void mips_malta_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > * handled by an overlapping region as the resulting ROM code subpage
>> > * regions are not executable.
>> > */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios_copy, NULL, "bios.1fc", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios_copy, NULL, "bios.1fc", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > if (!rom_copy(memory_region_get_ram_ptr(bios_copy),
>> > FLASH_ADDRESS, BIOS_SIZE)) {
>> > memcpy(memory_region_get_ram_ptr(bios_copy),
>> > diff --git a/hw/mips/mips_mipssim.c b/hw/mips/mips_mipssim.c
>> > index 413e64d..d2e158f 100644
>> > --- a/hw/mips/mips_mipssim.c
>> > +++ b/hw/mips/mips_mipssim.c
>> > @@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ mips_mipssim_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, reset_info);
>> >
>> > /* Allocate RAM. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "mips_mipssim.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "mips_mipssim.ram",
>> > ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "mips_mipssim.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "mips_mipssim.bios",
>> > BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(bios, true);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/mips/mips_r4k.c b/hw/mips/mips_r4k.c
>> > index 7120293..4479398 100644
>> > --- a/hw/mips/mips_r4k.c
>> > +++ b/hw/mips/mips_r4k.c
>> > @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ void mips_r4k_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > ((unsigned int)ram_size / (1 << 20)));
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "mips_r4k.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "mips_r4k.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> >
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0, ram);
>> > @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ void mips_r4k_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > #endif
>> > if ((bios_size > 0) && (bios_size <= BIOS_SIZE)) {
>> > bios = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "mips_r4k.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "mips_r4k.bios",
>> > BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(bios, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0x1fc00000,
>> > bios);
>> > diff --git a/hw/moxie/moxiesim.c b/hw/moxie/moxiesim.c
>> > index 430f841..8f54095 100644
>> > --- a/hw/moxie/moxiesim.c
>> > +++ b/hw/moxie/moxiesim.c
>> > @@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ static void moxiesim_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, cpu);
>> >
>> > /* Allocate RAM. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "moxiesim.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "moxiesim.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, ram_base, ram);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "moxie.rom", 128*0x1000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "moxie.rom", 128*0x1000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0x1000, rom);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/net/milkymist-minimac2.c b/hw/net/milkymist-minimac2.c
>> > index c023351..b9e2d5f 100644
>> > --- a/hw/net/milkymist-minimac2.c
>> > +++ b/hw/net/milkymist-minimac2.c
>> > @@ -471,8 +471,8 @@ static int milkymist_minimac2_init(SysBusDevice *sbd)
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->regs_region);
>> >
>> > /* register buffers memory */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->buffers, OBJECT(dev),
>> > "milkymist-minimac2.buffers",
>> > - buffers_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->buffers, OBJECT(dev),
>> > + "milkymist-minimac2.buffers",
>> > buffers_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->buffers);
>> > s->rx0_buf = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&s->buffers);
>> > s->rx1_buf = s->rx0_buf + MINIMAC2_BUFFER_SIZE;
>> > diff --git a/hw/openrisc/openrisc_sim.c b/hw/openrisc/openrisc_sim.c
>> > index b2b4f9b..e6c3c29 100644
>> > --- a/hw/openrisc/openrisc_sim.c
>> > +++ b/hw/openrisc/openrisc_sim.c
>> > @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void openrisc_sim_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > ram = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "openrisc.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "openrisc.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/pci-host/prep.c b/hw/pci-host/prep.c
>> > index ec6f186..6e22c69 100644
>> > --- a/hw/pci-host/prep.c
>> > +++ b/hw/pci-host/prep.c
>> > @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ static int raven_init(PCIDevice *d)
>> > d->config[0x0D] = 0x10; // latency_timer
>> > d->config[0x34] = 0x00; // capabilities_pointer
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->bios, OBJECT(s), "bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->bios, OBJECT(s), "bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->bios, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(),
>> > (uint32_t)(-BIOS_SIZE),
>> > &s->bios);
>> > diff --git a/hw/pci/pci.c b/hw/pci/pci.c
>> > index 351d320..b613f97 100644
>> > --- a/hw/pci/pci.c
>> > +++ b/hw/pci/pci.c
>> > @@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ static int pci_add_option_rom(PCIDevice *pdev, bool
>> > is_default_rom)
>> > snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s.rom",
>> > object_get_typename(OBJECT(pdev)));
>> > }
>> > pdev->has_rom = true;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&pdev->rom, OBJECT(pdev), name, size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram(&pdev->rom, &pdev->qdev);
>> > ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pdev->rom);
>> > load_image(path, ptr);
>> > diff --git a/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c b/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
>> > index f5bccd2..38479c2 100644
>> > --- a/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
>> > +++ b/hw/ppc/mac_newworld.c
>> > @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ static void ppc_core99_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, ram);
>> >
>> > /* allocate and load BIOS */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "ppc_core99.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "ppc_core99.bios",
>> > BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> >
>> > if (bios_name == NULL)
>> > diff --git a/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c b/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
>> > index cd9bdbc..c93092a 100644
>> > --- a/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
>> > +++ b/hw/ppc/mac_oldworld.c
>> > @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ static void ppc_heathrow_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > /* allocate and load BIOS */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "ppc_heathrow.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "ppc_heathrow.bios",
>> > BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> >
>> > if (bios_name == NULL)
>> > diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c b/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
>> > index 11d3379..1441c45 100644
>> > --- a/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
>> > +++ b/hw/ppc/ppc405_boards.c
>> > @@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > 33333333, &pic, kernel_filename == NULL ? 0 : 1);
>> > /* allocate SRAM */
>> > sram_size = 512 * 1024;
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sram, NULL, "ef405ep.sram", sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sram, NULL, "ef405ep.sram", sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0xFFF00000, sram);
>> > /* allocate and load BIOS */
>> > @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ static void ref405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > printf("Load BIOS from file\n");
>> > #endif
>> > bios = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "ef405ep.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "ef405ep.bios",
>> > BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> >
>> > if (bios_name == NULL)
>> > @@ -572,7 +572,8 @@ static void taihu_405ep_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > if (bios_name == NULL)
>> > bios_name = BIOS_FILENAME;
>> > bios = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(bios, NULL, "taihu_405ep.bios", BIOS_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(bios, NULL, "taihu_405ep.bios",
>> > + BIOS_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(bios);
>> > filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
>> > if (filename) {
>> > diff --git a/hw/ppc/ppc405_uc.c b/hw/ppc/ppc405_uc.c
>> > index a73e918..cffb17e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/ppc/ppc405_uc.c
>> > +++ b/hw/ppc/ppc405_uc.c
>> > @@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ static void ppc405_ocm_init(CPUPPCState *env)
>> >
>> > ocm = g_malloc0(sizeof(ppc405_ocm_t));
>> > /* XXX: Size is 4096 or 0x04000000 */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&ocm->isarc_ram, NULL, "ppc405.ocm", 4096);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&ocm->isarc_ram, NULL, "ppc405.ocm",
>> > 4096);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&ocm->isarc_ram);
>> > memory_region_init_alias(&ocm->dsarc_ram, NULL, "ppc405.dsarc",
>> > &ocm->isarc_ram,
>> > 0, 4096);
>> > diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
>> > index 42f5cec..f2601e3 100644
>> > --- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
>> > +++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
>> > @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static void ccw_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > virtio_ccw_register_hcalls();
>> >
>> > /* allocate RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "s390.ram", my_ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "s390.ram", my_ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio.c
>> > index 93c7ace..e2aad41 100644
>> > --- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio.c
>> > +++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio.c
>> > @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static void s390_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > s390_virtio_register_hcalls();
>> >
>> > /* allocate RAM */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "s390.ram", my_ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "s390.ram", my_ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/sh4/r2d.c b/hw/sh4/r2d.c
>> > index 95c0246..02844b0 100644
>> > --- a/hw/sh4/r2d.c
>> > +++ b/hw/sh4/r2d.c
>> > @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ static void r2d_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, reset_info);
>> >
>> > /* Allocate memory space */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(sdram, NULL, "r2d.sdram", SDRAM_SIZE);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(sdram, NULL, "r2d.sdram", SDRAM_SIZE);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(sdram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, SDRAM_BASE, sdram);
>> > /* Register peripherals */
>> > diff --git a/hw/sh4/shix.c b/hw/sh4/shix.c
>> > index 7c152b4..3a6129b 100644
>> > --- a/hw/sh4/shix.c
>> > +++ b/hw/sh4/shix.c
>> > @@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ static void shix_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > /* Allocate memory space */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "shix.rom", 0x4000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "shix.rom", 0x4000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(rom, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x00000000, rom);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&sdram[0], NULL, "shix.sdram1", 0x01000000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&sdram[0], NULL, "shix.sdram1",
>> > 0x01000000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&sdram[0]);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x08000000, &sdram[0]);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&sdram[1], NULL, "shix.sdram2", 0x01000000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&sdram[1], NULL, "shix.sdram2",
>> > 0x01000000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&sdram[1]);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, 0x0c000000, &sdram[1]);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/sparc/leon3.c b/hw/sparc/leon3.c
>> > index 827383b..1a5da8e 100644
>> > --- a/hw/sparc/leon3.c
>> > +++ b/hw/sparc/leon3.c
>> > @@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ static void leon3_generic_hw_init(MachineState
>> > *machine)
>> > exit(1);
>> > }
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "leon3.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "leon3.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x40000000, ram);
>> >
>> > /* Allocate BIOS */
>> > prom_size = 8 * 1024 * 1024; /* 8Mb */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(prom, NULL, "Leon3.bios", prom_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(prom, NULL, "Leon3.bios", prom_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(prom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(prom, true);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space_mem, 0x00000000, prom);
>> > diff --git a/hw/sparc/sun4m.c b/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
>> > index 67e3663..ad94351 100644
>> > --- a/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
>> > +++ b/hw/sparc/sun4m.c
>> > @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ static int idreg_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > IDRegState *s = MACIO_ID_REGISTER(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->mem, OBJECT(s),
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->mem, OBJECT(s),
>> > "sun4m.idreg", sizeof(idreg_data));
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->mem);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->mem, true);
>> > @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ static int afx_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > AFXState *s = TCX_AFX(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->mem, OBJECT(s), "sun4m.afx", 4);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->mem, OBJECT(s), "sun4m.afx", 4);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->mem);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->mem);
>> > return 0;
>> > @@ -742,7 +742,8 @@ static int prom_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > PROMState *s = OPENPROM(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->prom, OBJECT(s), "sun4m.prom",
>> > PROM_SIZE_MAX);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->prom, OBJECT(s), "sun4m.prom",
>> > + PROM_SIZE_MAX);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->prom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->prom, true);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->prom);
>> > @@ -784,7 +785,7 @@ static int ram_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > RamDevice *d = SUN4M_RAM(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&d->ram, OBJECT(d), "sun4m.ram", d->size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&d->ram, OBJECT(d), "sun4m.ram",
>> > d->size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&d->ram);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &d->ram);
>> > return 0;
>> > diff --git a/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c b/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
>> > index 33c311b..1fe7fec 100644
>> > --- a/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
>> > +++ b/hw/sparc64/sun4u.c
>> > @@ -686,7 +686,8 @@ static int prom_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > PROMState *s = OPENPROM(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&s->prom, OBJECT(s), "sun4u.prom",
>> > PROM_SIZE_MAX);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&s->prom, OBJECT(s), "sun4u.prom",
>> > + PROM_SIZE_MAX);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&s->prom);
>> > memory_region_set_readonly(&s->prom, true);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &s->prom);
>> > @@ -729,7 +730,7 @@ static int ram_init1(SysBusDevice *dev)
>> > {
>> > RamDevice *d = SUN4U_RAM(dev);
>> >
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&d->ram, OBJECT(d), "sun4u.ram", d->size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&d->ram, OBJECT(d), "sun4u.ram",
>> > d->size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&d->ram);
>> > sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &d->ram);
>> > return 0;
>> > diff --git a/hw/unicore32/puv3.c b/hw/unicore32/puv3.c
>> > index 08dd4d0..6983e71 100644
>> > --- a/hw/unicore32/puv3.c
>> > +++ b/hw/unicore32/puv3.c
>> > @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static void puv3_board_init(CPUUniCore32State *env,
>> > ram_addr_t ram_size)
>> > MemoryRegion *ram_memory = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>> >
>> > /* SDRAM at address zero. */
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram_memory, NULL, "puv3.ram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram_memory, NULL, "puv3.ram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram_memory);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, ram_memory);
>> > }
>> > diff --git a/hw/xtensa/sim.c b/hw/xtensa/sim.c
>> > index 9642bf5..764c978 100644
>> > --- a/hw/xtensa/sim.c
>> > +++ b/hw/xtensa/sim.c
>> > @@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ static void xtensa_sim_init(MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > ram = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "xtensa.sram", ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "xtensa.sram", ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0, ram);
>> >
>> > rom = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "xtensa.rom", 0x1000);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "xtensa.rom", 0x1000);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), 0xfe000000, rom);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/hw/xtensa/xtfpga.c b/hw/xtensa/xtfpga.c
>> > index a2dff5a..4315575 100644
>> > --- a/hw/xtensa/xtfpga.c
>> > +++ b/hw/xtensa/xtfpga.c
>> > @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ static void lx60_net_init(MemoryRegion *address_space,
>> > sysbus_mmio_get_region(s, 1));
>> >
>> > ram = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, OBJECT(s), "open_eth.ram", 16384);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, OBJECT(s), "open_eth.ram", 16384);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(address_space, buffers, ram);
>> > }
>> > @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ static void lx_init(const LxBoardDesc *board,
>> > MachineState *machine)
>> > }
>> >
>> > ram = g_malloc(sizeof(*ram));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, "lx60.dram", machine->ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(ram, NULL, "lx60.dram",
>> > machine->ram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0, ram);
>> >
>> > @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ static void lx_init(const LxBoardDesc *board,
>> > MachineState *machine)
>> > uint32_t cur_lowmem = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(lowmem_end / 2, 4096);
>> >
>> > rom = g_malloc(sizeof(*rom));
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(rom, NULL, "lx60.sram", board->sram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(rom, NULL, "lx60.sram",
>> > board->sram_size);
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(rom);
>> > memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, 0xfe000000, rom);
>> >
>> > diff --git a/include/exec/memory.h b/include/exec/memory.h
>> > index 7ebcea6..c0a19e7 100644
>> > --- a/include/exec/memory.h
>> > +++ b/include/exec/memory.h
>> > @@ -321,18 +321,18 @@ void memory_region_init_ram_may_fail(MemoryRegion
>> > *mr,
>> > Error **errp);
>> >
>> > /**
>> > - * memory_region_init_ram: Initialize RAM memory region. Accesses into
>> > the
>> > - * region will modify memory directly.
>> > + * memory_region_init_ram_nofail: Initialize RAM memory region.
>> > Accesses into
>> > + * the region will modify memory directly.
>> > *
>> > * @mr: the #MemoryRegion to be initialized.
>> > * @owner: the object that tracks the region's reference count
>> > * @name: the name of the region.
>> > * @size: size of the region.
>> > */
>> > -void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
>> > - struct Object *owner,
>> > - const char *name,
>> > - uint64_t size);
>> > +void memory_region_init_ram_nofail(MemoryRegion *mr,
>> > + struct Object *owner,
>> > + const char *name,
>> > + uint64_t size);
>> >
>> > #ifdef __linux__
>> > /**
>> > diff --git a/memory.c b/memory.c
>> > index f55f098..7bc7d59 100644
>> > --- a/memory.c
>> > +++ b/memory.c
>> > @@ -1174,10 +1174,10 @@ void memory_region_init_ram_may_fail(MemoryRegion
>> > *mr,
>> > mr->ram_addr = qemu_ram_alloc(size, mr, errp);
>> > }
>> >
>> > -void memory_region_init_ram(MemoryRegion *mr,
>> > - Object *owner,
>> > - const char *name,
>> > - uint64_t size)
>> > +void memory_region_init_ram_nofail(MemoryRegion *mr,
>> > + Object *owner,
>> > + const char *name,
>> > + uint64_t size)
>> > {
>> > Error *local_err = NULL;
>> >
>> > diff --git a/numa.c b/numa.c
>> > index 7bf7834..634e9d2 100644
>> > --- a/numa.c
>> > +++ b/numa.c
>> > @@ -263,14 +263,14 @@ static void
>> > allocate_system_memory_nonnuma(MemoryRegion *mr, Object *owner,
>> > if (err) {
>> > qerror_report_err(err);
>> > error_free(err);
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(mr, owner, name, ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(mr, owner, name, ram_size);
>> > }
>> > #else
>> > fprintf(stderr, "-mem-path not supported on this host\n");
>> > exit(1);
>> > #endif
>> > } else {
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(mr, owner, name, ram_size);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(mr, owner, name, ram_size);
>> > }
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(mr);
>> > }
>> > diff --git a/xen-hvm.c b/xen-hvm.c
>> > index a2486cf..5dfb6d5 100644
>> > --- a/xen-hvm.c
>> > +++ b/xen-hvm.c
>> > @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ static void xen_ram_init(ram_addr_t *below_4g_mem_size,
>> > */
>> > block_len = (1ULL << 32) + *above_4g_mem_size;
>> > }
>> > - memory_region_init_ram(&ram_memory, NULL, "xen.ram", block_len);
>> > + memory_region_init_ram_nofail(&ram_memory, NULL, "xen.ram",
>> > block_len);
>> > *ram_memory_p = &ram_memory;
>> > vmstate_register_ram_global(&ram_memory);
>> >
>> > --
>> > 1.9.3
>> >
>> >
>
